Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ANA HERRERO ALCALDE Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: UNED Author-Name: DIEGO MARTÍNEZ LÓPEZ Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Title: INTRODUCTION Special Issue “Financing and Governance of Subnational Governments” Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-9 Volume: 258 Issue: 3 Year: 2026 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=264&wpfd_file_id=6009&token=3f9ec568bc53b275e32292f6a598236b&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:258:i:3:p:3-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ANTONI ZABALZA Author-Email: azabalzam@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valencia Title: Public Policy Prescriptions and the Gini Coefficient Abstract: This article argues the existence of a linear relationship between a parametric model of income equalization and the Gini coefficient, G . Concretely, a linear relationship of the form G = A – Aρ, where ρ is the parameter that determines the power of redistribution of that model and A is a positive number. The article: (i) shows why this linear relationship appears and identifies A in terms of recognizable economic terms; and (ii), in the context of this model, explores if the Gini coefficient can be decomposed by income groups and if the parameter ρ plays a relevant part in this decomposition. Classification-JEL: H77. Keywords: Income distribution, Measurement of inequality, Gini coefficient Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:11-39 Volume: 258 Issue: 3 Year: 2026 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=264&wpfd_file_id=6011&token=3f9ec568bc53b275e32292f6a598236b&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:258:i:3:p:11-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LEONARDO PICCINI Author-Email: leonardo.piccini@irpet.it Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Institute for Economic Planning of Tuscany Author-Name: BRAIS POCIÑA-SÁNCHEZ Author-Email: brais.psanchez@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of A Coruna Author-Name: LAURA VARELA-CANDAMIO Author-Email: laura.varela.candamio@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of A Coruna Title: Institutional Quality Matters when Growth Drivers Turn Adverse: Evidence for the Spanish Regions Abstract: This paper provides new evidence for Spain’s Autonomous Communities (2010-2024) on institutional quality as a key driver of regional economic performance, focusing on its interactions with resource dependence and R&D intensity. Panel estimates show that resource dependence is robustly associated with lower growth, while institutional quality has no uniform direct effect. Instead, institutions operate mainly through conditional channels where resource-dependence effects appear sensitive to inference assumptions, whereas R&D-related interactions are more consistent. Findings highlight governance, diversification, and the composition of innovation policy as key factors for regional development in decentralized systems. Classification-JEL: O43, R11, H77, O32 Keywords: Regional growth, Quality of government, Resource dependence, Innovation, Spain Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 41-68 Volume: 258 Issue: 3 Year: 2026 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=264&wpfd_file_id=6013&token=3f9ec568bc53b275e32292f6a598236b&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:258:i:3:p:41-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JORGE E. ARAÑA Author-Email: jorge.arana@ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Author-Name: ARTURO MELIÁN Author-Email: arturo.melian@ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Evidence Based Allocation of Regional Health Funds in Spain: Bayesian Stochastic Frontiers and Model Averaging Abstract: Designing equitable subnational transfers requires separating structural expenditure needs from managerial inefficiency and local fiscal preferences. We propose a governance-oriented framework combining Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis and Bayesian model averaging to identify needs transparently under model uncertainty. Using Spain’s regional health system (2010-2022, excluding 2020-2021) as a testing ground, we condition out fiscal capacity and behaviour via a financing decomposition. Results show that age structure (PPE) dominates structural costs and insularity is a robust positive cost shifter; surface area does not meet the robustness threshold for inclusion in the formula. Health status (mortality) is excluded from the needs-weight formula because its independent contribution cannot be reliably identified once fiscal capacity is controlled for; we treat this as an open question for future research rather than evidence that morbidity is not a genuine cost driver. The framework generalises to other federal systems facing demographic and territorial pressures. Classification-JEL: H77, H51, C11, D78, C23, I18 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, Subnational governance, Expenditure needs, Stochastic frontiers, Bayesian model averaging, Health economics, Multi-tier financial architecture Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:69-105 Volume: 258 Issue: 3 Year: 2026 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=264&wpfd_file_id=6015&token=3f9ec568bc53b275e32292f6a598236b&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:258:i:3:p:69-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CECILIA G. ALONSO BATTAGLIA Author-Email: c.alonso.battaglia@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad ORT Uruguay Title: Composite Indicators as Allocation Tools in Intergovernmental Finance: Evidence from Uruguay Abstract: Intergovernmental transfers are central to fiscal federalism, fostering territorial equity across regions with diverse socio-economic conditions. This paper examines Uruguay, where transfers remain partly based on a composite index created more than two decades ago using a limited set of indicators. Using recent census and administrative data, we reassess the statutory allocation formula and evaluate an alternative multidimensional framework based on Principal Component and Factor Analysis. The results show that updating the existing formula generates significant reallocations, while the expanded indicator set and data-driven weighting methodology produce even larger redistributive effects, improving the equalization capacity of the transfer system. Classification-JEL: H77, H71, C38, R51 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, Intergovernmental transfers, Fiscal equalization, Composite indicators. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:107-137 Volume: 258 Issue: 3 Year: 2026 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=264&wpfd_file_id=6017&token=3f9ec568bc53b275e32292f6a598236b&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:258:i:3:p:107-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JORGE ONRUBIA Author-Email: jorge.onrubia@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: ICEI-UCM and FEDEA Author-Name: HUGO EMILIO QUIÑONES Author-Email: hugoquin@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: ICEI-UCM Author-Name: ANTONIO JESÚS SÁNCHEZ-FUENTES Author-Email: ajsanchezfuentes@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: ICEI-UCM Title: Regional Funding, Indebtedness, and (Un)Rewarded Efficiency: Dynamic Multivariate Evidence from the Spanish Autonomous Communities Abstract: This paper examines the dynamic relationships among public sector efficiency, normative funding, regional indebtedness, extraordinary State-backed financing, and economic growth across Spain’s 15 common-regime Autonomous Communities over the period 2005-2019. Using a multivariate Granger-causality framework with graphical modelling –where causality is understood as predictive precedence rather than structural causation– and distinguishing between cash- and accrual-based measures of normative funding, we identify robust dynamic links and the role of liabilities accumulated through extraordinary financing mechanisms. At the aggregate level, the results show little net co-movement between public sector efficiency and the other variables. Region-specific causal networks, however, uncover suggestive and, in some cases, strong links involving efficiency, with markedly different signs and intensities. The weak aggregate relationship therefore reflects offsetting regional effects rather than the irrelevance of efficiency. We also find that cash shortfalls are associated with higher indebtedness in historically underfunded regions, whereas accrual measures mask this financial pressure. Extraordinary State-backed financing emerges as a key transmission channel in the Granger-causality sense and displays a strong feedback relationship with total debt, consistent with moral-hazard incentives when the central government acts as lender of last resort. O58verall, the regional funding system lacks a systematic mechanism for rewarding efficient public spending, supporting a reform that combines adequate funding, debt discipline, and explicit efficiency incentives. Classification-JEL: C33, C51, H11, H21, H63. Keywords: Granger causality, Public Sector Efficiency, Regional funding system, Regional indebtedness, Spanish Autonomous Communities, Extraordinary liquidity mechanisms. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 139-191 Volume: 258 Issue: 3 Year: 2026 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=264&wpfd_file_id=6019&token=3f9ec568bc53b275e32292f6a598236b&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:258:i:3:p:139-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JULIÁN GABRIEL LEONE Author-Email: julian.leone@economicas.uba.ar Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Buenos Aires Author-Name: LUIS ALEJANDRO LÓPEZ-AGUDO Author-Email: lopezagudo@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Málaga Author-Name: ÓSCAR DAVID MARCENARO-GUTIÉRREZ Author-Email: odmarcenaro@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Málaga Title: On the Impact of the Pandemic on Test Scores: Evidence from Argentina Abstract: We examine exceptionally rich data from APRENDER standardised Argentine tests to capture the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary school performance, disentangling the effect of school closures and subsequent reopening. Combining student and head staff surveys, panel data at the school level allows us to track learning records for 2016, 2018, and 2021. Our results show that, in spite of an important test score decline in 2021, test score data do not display a significant influence in not in-class instruction extension during 2021 (considering remote instruction throughout 2020 for all schools). Using a quasi-experimental (difference-in-differences) approach, we find that schools that remained closed do not present significant average score differences with those that reopen in 2021. Classification-JEL: A20, I21, I24 Keywords: COVID-19, Difference-in-difference, School closure, Achievement gap. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-29 Volume: 257 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=261&wpfd_file_id=5764&token=3496fa4014bfa741cfae8d2756818ab3&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:257:i:2:p:3-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: NA YOUNG KIM Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Administration & Media, Mokpo National University Author-Name: KWANG BIN BAE Author-Email: kbae@dongguk.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Administration, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea Title: Political Yardstick Competition in Local Public Expenditure Decisions: Evidence from Korean Municipalities Abstract: Applying yardstick competition theory, this study examines how the spending decisions of local governments in Korea are influenced by neighboring jurisdictions, particularly in the context of electoral competition. Using spatial regression models with panel data from 151 municipalities between 2009 and 2015, the analysis explores variation in spending behavior by policy type –developmental, redistributive, and allocational. The findings indicate that developmental and redistributive policy expenditures are positively influenced by neighboring governments’ spending, especially under conditions of intense electoral competition. In contrast, allocational policy spending shows no evidence of spatial interdependence. These results suggest that yardstick competition is selective and shaped by both political incentives and the nature of policy visibility. The study contributes to understanding local fiscal behavior and the role of interjurisdictional benchmarking in democratic accountability. Classification-JEL: H72, H77, D72 Keywords: Yardstick competition, Spatial interaction, Spatial regression analysis, Policy type Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 31-55 Volume: 257 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=261&wpfd_file_id=5767&token=3496fa4014bfa741cfae8d2756818ab3&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:257:i:2:p:31-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: VÍCTOR J. ESPAÑA Author-Email: vespana@umh.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Author-Name: MARÍA GIL IZQUIERDO Author-Email: maria.gil@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Author-Name: LUCÍA MATEOS ROMERO Author-Email: luciamr@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Classroom ICT Use and Reading Achievement: Evidence from Spanish Primary Schools Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between students’ ICT use and reading achievement using data on Spanish pupils participating in PIRLS 2021. Specifically, we examine whether the intensive use of digital tools for certain classroom activities contributes to improvements in reading comprehension. To address this question, we apply a causal machine learning approach based on conditional inference forests (CIF), which allows us to approximate counterfactual outcomes while conditioning on a rich set of student, family, and school covariates. This method enables the identification of both average and heterogeneous treatment effects, supporting a causal interpretation of the estimated relationships based on observables. Statistical uncertainty is quantified through resampling-based confidence intervals, which reinforce the robustness of the results. Overall, our findings indicate that the effects associated with more intensive classroom use of digital tools are statistically significant but very small in magnitude, suggesting a limited educational relevance. Nevertheless, clear socioeconomic differences emerge, with information-search and content-creation activities showing the strongest positive effects among students from more advantaged backgrounds, while structured digital writing tasks yield comparatively larger benefits for those from less advantaged families. Classification-JEL: I21, I24, C55 Keywords: ICT use, Reading literacy, Machine Learning, Causal inference, Primary education Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:57-89 Volume: 257 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=261&wpfd_file_id=5770&token=3496fa4014bfa741cfae8d2756818ab3&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:257:i:2:p:57-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: EMILIO CONGREGADO Author-Email: congregado@uhu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Huelva Author-Name: VICENTE ESTEVE Author-Email: vicente.esteve@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: MARÍA A. PRATS Author-Email: mprats@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia and European Institute, London School of Economics and Polictical Science Author-Name: NICOLA RUBINO Author-Email: nicola.rubino@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Optimal Public Deficit and Tax-smoothing in the Spanish Economy, 1850-2024 Abstract: This paper tests the Tax-Smoothing Hypothesis (TSH) in Spain over a 174-year horizon (1850-2024). Using Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and a bivariate VAR framework, we examine the intertemporal relationship between public revenues and expenditures while accounting for structural instability. The results confirm a long-run cointegrating relationship, but with a tax-tilting parameter consistently between 0.85 and 0.91. This deviation reveals a structural “deficit bias”, where Spanish authorities have systematically postponed tax burdens through debt issuance. Multi-structural break analysis demonstrates that the TSH only becomes a robust framework following the institutional modernization of the mid20th century; earlier periods, marked by fiscal archaism and borrowing constraints, fail to conform to the model’s normative predictions. Furthermore, the VAR model confirms that while the budget balance responds rationally to expenditure shocks, its magnitude is heavily influenced by institutional shifts. We conclude that this persistent deficit bias is an embedded feature of the Spanish fiscal state, posing significant challenges for long-term sustainability within the Eurozone’s restrictive fiscal framework. Classification-JEL: E62, H21, H62, O52 Keywords: Optimal taxation, Public debt management, Tax-smoothing, Tax-tilting, Spain. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:91-126 Volume: 257 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=261&wpfd_file_id=5772&token=3496fa4014bfa741cfae8d2756818ab3&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:257:i:2:p:91-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: THI LAM HO* Author-Email: holam@ufm.edu.vn Author-Workplace-Name: University of Finance-Marketing (UFM) Author-Name: LE HONG NGOC Author-Email: lehongngoc2018@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Finance, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (UEH) Title: Empirical Assessment of the Impact of Corruption and Public Spending on Sustainable Development: Evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of corruption and public spending on sustainable development. We use data from 38 developing countries for the period 2000-2022, employing the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) estimation recently developed by Machado and Santos Silva (2019), and test robustness with S-GMM. Research results show that corruption has a major impact on sustainable development at all levels, indicating that corruption hinders efforts to achieve sustainability in developing countries. Interestingly, we find public spending to have an asymmetric impact on sustainable development: a negative impact is found at low quantiles, but the impact becomes positive at high quantiles as management efficiency increases. From the research results, we propose some policy implications to control corruption and increase the efficiency of public spending to promote sustainable development in developing countries. Classification-JEL: Q56, Q48, H50. Keywords: Corruption, Public spending, Sustainable development, MMQR Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-39 Volume: 256 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=260&wpfd_file_id=5687&token=5f5a44f2f27f2d8e5b543738a3365ea1&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:256:i:1:p:3-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JORGE MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ Author-Email: jorgemartinez@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Public Policy, Georgia State University and IDEAGOV, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Title: Fiscal Decentralization at Fifty: Achievements and Challenges Abstract: This paper focuses on the achievements of fiscal decentralization over the past decades and the remaining challenges and unfinished agenda, with emphasis on what we still do not know and where the theory and practice of fiscal decentralization would need to go in the coming decades. Going forward, there is a need for a “third generation” model that better integrates the insights of administrative and political decentralization with fiscal decentralization. Decentralized governance will continue to be challenged in the future by external shocks like climate change and information technology, but from the experience it should adapt and succeed. Classification-JEL: H70, H71, H72, H77 Keywords: Fiscal decentralization, Decentralized governance, Third generation fiscal federalism Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:41-68 Volume: 256 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=260&wpfd_file_id=5690&token=5f5a44f2f27f2d8e5b543738a3365ea1&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:256:i:1:p:41-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PABLO CASAS Author-Email: pablo.casas-aljama@ec.europa.eu Author-Workplace-Name: Joint Research Centre, European Commission Author-Name: JOSÉ L. TORRES Author-Email: jtorres@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Málaga Title: Automation, Taxation, and Social Security Sustainability Abstract: This paper examines the tax policy adjustments required to maintain a constant ratio of social security contributions to GDP within a pay-as-you-go system, depending on the degree of automation. We explore three alternative approaches to taxing autonomous capital, defined as a combination of robots and artificial intelligence: i) an income tax on autonomous capital, ii) an ad-valorem tax on investment in autonomous capital, and iii) a social security tax on robots, paid by employers. The analysis is conducted under two technological scenarios: one in which autonomous capital substitutes for both traditional capital and labor, and another in which it substitutes for labor while complementing traditional capital. For each scenario and tax scheme, we calculate the tax rates necessary to preserve the relative size of social security contributions. Our results indicate that, in the long run, the most efficient approach to taxing autonomous capital is a social security tax on autonomous robots paid by employers using such technology. Finally, we examine how these specific taxation schemes affect the functional distribution of income. Classification-JEL: O14, O33, E23, E25. Keywords: Autonomous capital, Traditional inputs, Automation, Technological change, Pay-as-you-go social security system. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:69-104 Volume: 256 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=260&wpfd_file_id=5692&token=5f5a44f2f27f2d8e5b543738a3365ea1&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:256:i:1:p:69-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: OLGICA GLAVA KI Author-Email: olgica.glavaski@ef.uns.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica Author-Name: MARINA BELJIĆ Author-Email: marina.draganic@ef.uns.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica Title: Tax Policy and FDI Effects on Economic Growth: A DCCE Analysis of European OECD Economies Abstract: This paper examines the effects of tax competition and foreign direct investment (FDI) on GDP growth across 22 European OECD economies from 1998 to 2021. Using the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) framework and CS-ARLD method of estimation, findings show that a lower effective average tax rate (EATR) and FDI increase positively impacts GDP growth, with stronger long-run effects. Emerging economies rely more on tax competition, whereas in developed ones, its effects weaken over time. If EATR is reduced to 15%, tax competition may not harm GDP growth, highlighting the need for policymakers to assess future threshold adjustment carefully. Classification-JEL: H25, F21, F43, C33 Keywords: Tax competition, EATR, FDI, Economic growth, Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE). Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 105-131 Volume: 256 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=260&wpfd_file_id=5694&token=5f5a44f2f27f2d8e5b543738a3365ea1&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2026:v:256:i:1:p:105-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ROBIN BOADWAY Author-Email: boadwayr@queensu.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Queens University Author-Name: JOS MAR A DUR N-CABR Author-Email: mduran@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: INTRODUCTION Special Issue Time for a Real Tax Reform-2025 Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-9 Volume: 255 Issue: 4 Year: 2025 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=254&wpfd_file_id=5665&token=105dfc2b34092b8ae75d7234997ac9df&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:255:i:4:p:3-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ATHANASIOS VASILAKIS Author-Email: athanasios.vasilakis@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Hellenic University Author-Name: VASILEIOS VLACHOS Author-Email: vlachosuk@ihu.gr Author-Workplace-Name: International Hellenic University Title: Country Level Determinants of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): A Systematic Literature Review Abstract: Based on the criticism that estimates of the fiscal and economic effects of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) derived from firm-level data are not sufficiently accurate, this paper surveys the literature on BEPS (2003-2024) that analyzes country-level data. The findings indicate possible gaps in current tax policies to address BEPS and emphasize the need for improved international coordination and tailored policies to effectively tackle profit shifting, ensuring fair tax competition and robust public revenues. Directions for future research concern the effects of effective tax rates on real vs. phantom foreign direct investment (FDI) and the distinctions between immediate vs. ultimate FDI. Classification-JEL: F42, H26. Keywords: Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), Foreign direct investment (FDI), International tax policy, Systematic literature review, Tax avoidance Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-28 Volume: 255 Issue: 4 Year: 2025 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=254&wpfd_file_id=5655&token=105dfc2b34092b8ae75d7234997ac9df&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:255:i:4:p:11-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: RUB N AMO CIFUENTES Author-Email: ruben.amo@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valencia Author-Name: RAFAEL GRANELL P REZ Author-Email: rafael.granell@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valencia Author-Name: AMADEO FUENMAYOR FERN NDEZ Author-Email: amadeo.fuenmayor@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valencia Title: Integration of Wealth Taxation into Personal Income Tax: Evaluation of Reform Proposals in Spain Abstract: The Spanish tax system currently includes two taxes on the net wealth of individuals: the traditional Net Wealth tax, transferred to the autonomous communities, and the new Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes, a state-level tax introduced at the end of 2022. This paper proposes three reforms aimed at integrating wealth taxation into the personal income tax, with the objective of simplifying the tax system and ensuring effective taxation of large fortunes. Using data from the 2021 Household Panel and microsimulation techniques, the revenue and redistributive impacts of these reforms are estimated. The estimation of the proposed reforms shows a considerable increase in public revenue and an improvement in the redistribution and progressivity of personal income tax, as it has a greater effect on high-net-worth individuals. Classification-JEL: H20, H21, H24. Keywords: Net wealth tax, Integration, Personal income tax, Microsimulation, Wealth. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-55 Volume: 255 Issue: 4 Year: 2025 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=254&wpfd_file_id=5657&token=105dfc2b34092b8ae75d7234997ac9df&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:255:i:4:p:29-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JAMES ALM Author-Email: jalm@tulane.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Tulane University Title: Linking Tax Administration Reform with Tax Reform Abstract: Tax reform and tax administration are closely linked. However, these links are not always fully discussed, fully analyzed, or even fully appreciated. In this paper, I discuss the links between tax administration reform and tax reform. I begin by discussing some basic aspects of tax administration, which suggest three paradigms for tax administration that emerge from the theoretical and empirical literature on what motivates individuals to pay or not to pay their taxes. I then summarize the main reasons why countries reform their tax systems and when these reforms are most likely to be successful and even to occur. This then leads to a detailed discussion of the central role of tax administration reform in tax reform, including an examination of the role of new technologies in tax administration. My main conclusions are twofold. First, a successful reform of a country s tax system requires also a concomitant and concurrent successful reform of a country s tax administration. Second, successful tax administration reform needs to go well beyond changes in enforcement policies alone. Classification-JEL: H20, H26, H60, H83. Keywords: Tax reform, Tax administration, Tax compliance, Services, Trust. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-86 Volume: 255 Issue: 4 Year: 2025 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=254&wpfd_file_id=5659&token=105dfc2b34092b8ae75d7234997ac9df&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:255:i:4:p:57-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JORGE MART NEZ-V ZQUEZ Author-Email: jorgemartinez@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Public Policy Title: The Art of Tax Reform Abstract: This paper analyzes international experiences in the design and implementation of successful tax reforms. Specifically, it focuses on insights from two dimensions: the political-economy requirements to generate public support for reform, and the technical factors that must be present to further the potential objectives of increased revenues, greater efficiency and equity, and enhanced simplicity. The general topics reviewed include the political economy preconditions that facilitate tax reform, how and by whom tax reform should be implemented, the timing of reform efforts, general determinants of tax effort, tax policy choice options, tax administration options, and the enhancement of tax morale and compliance norms. The paper concludes with lessons from both the literature and countries experiences, empowering reform-minded politicians and administrators to design policy reform strategies for sustained increased tax revenue effort and more efficient, equitable and simple tax systems. Classification-JEL: H20, H21, H22, H83 Keywords: Tax reform, Tax effort, Tax policy, Tax administration Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 87-131 Volume: 255 Issue: 4 Year: 2025 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=254&wpfd_file_id=5661&token=105dfc2b34092b8ae75d7234997ac9df&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:255:i:4:p:87-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ALEXANDER KLEMM Author-Email: aklemm@imf.org Author-Workplace-Name: International Monetary Fund Author-Name: RUUD DE MOOIJ Author-Email: rdemooij@imf.org Author-Workplace-Name: International Monetary Fund Author-Name: SHAFIK HEBOUS Author-Email: shebous@imf.org Author-Workplace-Name: International Monetary Fund Title: The Future of Corporate Income Taxation Abstract: This article examines the future of corporate income taxation amid globalization, digitalization, and the rise of artificial intelligence. It highlights the challenges of profit shifting, tax competition, and domestic distortions, which jointly push the system in the direction of a neutral destination-based cash-flow tax. Such a tax could be complemented by a personal tax on either all capital income or the normal return to capital. This combined system has the potential to enhance equity and revenue, while addressing current inefficiencies. International cooperation would smooth the transition toward such a system, yet even in its absence global forces can drive tax systems in this direction Classification-JEL: H25 Keywords: Corporate income tax, Tax reform, Destination-based cash flow tax Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 133-157 Volume: 255 Issue: 4 Year: 2025 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=254&wpfd_file_id=5663&token=105dfc2b34092b8ae75d7234997ac9df&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:255:i:4:p:133-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ALEJANDRO ESTELLER MOR Author-Email: aesteller@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona and IEB Author-Name: NATIVIDAD FERN NDEZ G MEZ Author-Email: natividad.fernandez@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Cantabria Title: INTRODUCTION Special Issue XXXI Spanish Meeting on Public Economics (Pamplona) Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-4 Volume: 254 Issue: 3 Year: 2025 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=251&wpfd_file_id=5626&token=f12c107655cbf4f501cf75fdc3cbb766&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:254:i:3:p:3-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: OLGA ALONSO-VILLAR Author-Email: ovillar@uvigo.gal; Author-Workplace-Name: ECOBAS, Universidade de Vigo Author-Name: CORAL DEL R O Author-Email: crio@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: ECOBAS, Universidade de Vigo Title: From the Extent of Segregation to its Consequences in Terms of Wellbeing Abstract: We offer a reflection on the measurement of segregation, gathering methodological contributions from both sociology and economics, and we use some of them to explore occupational segregation by gender and nativity in Spain. Our goal is to offer a guide to the tools that can be used in empirical analysis, connecting them with theoretical discussions. Our empirical analysis shows that the occupational segregation of immigrant women is a more intense phenomenon than that of native-born women or immigrant men, although it decreased significantly over the period 2006-2024. Despite this decline, immigrant women still tend to cluster in low-paying occupations to a much greater extent than immigrant men and native-born women. Moreover, their occupational sorting places them at a great disadvantage even after controlling for basic attributes. Unlike them, most of the segregation of immigrant men that we observe is a consequence of their lower educational attainments. Once we control for basic attributes, the concentration of immigrant men in low-paying occupations is substantially reduced, although their hourly wages remain lower than those of their native peers. As opposed to immigrant women and men, native-born women tend to cluster in occupations with wages slightly above the national average, although this wage advantage vanishes once we control for characteristics. Native-born women earn lower hourly wages than their male peers (especially after removing the composition effect) due to both differences in their occupational distributions and wage disparities within occupations. The gender gap is larger among natives than among immigrants. Classification-JEL: D63, J15, J16, J31. Keywords: Segregation, Gender, Migration status, Wage gaps, Intersectionality. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 5-43 Volume: 254 Issue: 3 Year: 2025 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=251&wpfd_file_id=5628&token=f12c107655cbf4f501cf75fdc3cbb766&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:254:i:3:p:5-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LEA FRICKE Author-Email: lea.fricke@student.unisg.ch Author-Workplace-Name: University of St Gallen and ifo Institute Author-Name: CLEMENS FUEST Author-Email: CF2016@ifo.de Author-Workplace-Name: ifo Institute and University of Munich Author-Name: DOMINIK SACHS Author-Email: dominik.sachs@unisg.ch Author-Workplace-Name: University of St Gallen and ifo Institute Title: Recycling CO2 Tax Revenue and the Carbon Dividend: A Guide to the Literature Abstract: This paper discusses the seemingly contradicting implications of the carbon dividend concept and the double dividend idea for the use of revenue from carbon pricing. We provide an introduction to a number of key contributions to this debate in the literature and explain how their findings and results can be reconciled. Some existing studies on the effects of revenue recycling through the carbon tax may be too optimistic regarding the impact because they neglect the interaction between the carbon dividend, labour supply, and the rest of the tax system. Classification-JEL: Q56, Q48, H50. Keywords: Corruption, Public spending, Sustainable development, MMQR Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 45-57 Volume: 254 Issue: 3 Year: 2025 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=251&wpfd_file_id=5630&token=f12c107655cbf4f501cf75fdc3cbb766&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:254:i:3:p:45-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SCAR VILA-MONTEALEGRE Author-Email: oavilamo@banrep.gov.co Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de la Rep blica Author-Name: JUAN J. OSPINA-TEJEIROMARIO Author-Email: jospinte@banrep.gov.co Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de la Rep blica Author-Name: MARIO A. RAMOS-VELOZA Author-Email: marioandres.ramos@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de la Rep blica Title: Macroeconomic Effects of Healthcare Financing in Colombia Abstract: Real healthcare expenditure in Colombia is projected to rise 49% over the next eight years due to population aging, rising costs, and domestic policies, adding significant pressure to public finances. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous households, we analyze the macroeconomic impact of financing higher healthcare expenditure through different taxes in a context of high informality. While consumption taxes are the best option in terms of output, financing with taxes on high-skilled labor improves income distribution with similar effects on production. Population aging adds pressure on aggregate dynamics by reducing labor supply, savings, and capital accumulation. Classification-JEL: E10, E62, E26, F41 Keywords: General equilibrium, Heterogeneous agents, Taxes, Government expenditure Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 59-85 Volume: 254 Issue: 3 Year: 2025 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=251&wpfd_file_id=5632&token=f12c107655cbf4f501cf75fdc3cbb766&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:254:i:3:p:59-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ANTONIO CUTANDA Author-Email: antonio.cutanda@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: JUAN A. SANCH S Author-Email: juan.a.sanchis@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia and ERICES Title: The COVID-19 Instruments Effectiveness in Mitigating the Pandemic Impact on Spanish Consumption Abstract: This study evaluates how the pandemic affected non-durable household spending in 2020. Using panel data from the Spanish Survey of Household Finances, we compare actual expenditures with predicted values from a consumption model. Results reveal smaller individual-level income and spending declines than National Accounts data suggests. The estimated reduction in non-durable consumption is positively related to wealth but negatively to income. Additionally, we regress each individual estimated decline in non-durable spending on a set of indicators for different COVID-19 policy measures. Results indicate that these interventions did not significantly support non-durable expenditure, potentially explaining increased savings during the pandemic. Classification-JEL: C23, D12, E21, E65, H31. Keywords: Consumer spending, Panel data, COVID-19, Fiscal policy Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:87-118 Volume: 254 Issue: 3 Year: 2025 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=251&wpfd_file_id=5634&token=f12c107655cbf4f501cf75fdc3cbb766&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:254:i:3:p:87-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LORENTI, A.NICOL S Author-Email: nicolaslorenti@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Author-Name: MORA-RUANO, RUB N Author-Email: ruben.mora@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid (UAM) Author-Name: FERN NDEZ ROMERO, DANIEL Author-Email: daniel.fernandezr@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid (UAM) Author-Name: ANGOITIA GRIJALBA, MIGUEL Author-Email: MIGUEL.ANGOITIA@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid (UAM) Title: Fiscal Forecast Errors in the Eurozone: The Influence of Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs) and Monetary Policy Abstract: Based on the stability programs and the economic outlook of the OECD, this study analyses the sources of fiscal forecast errors in eleven eurozone countries over the period 1999 to 2020. For this purpose, through a panel data model with country and time fixed effects, we use economic, political, and institutional variables. One of the main innovations of this paper is the inclusion of shadow rates, an economic variable that reflects the monetary policies taken by the European Central Bank (ECB). We are not aware that this monetary variable has been included in previous work on fiscal forecast errors. This approach is more realistic since fiscal and monetary policy are closely connected. Particular attention will also be paid to the influence of Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs), given their importance in the recent process of reforming fiscal governance in eurozone countries. The results suggest that monetary policy has been a key element in increasing prudence in fiscal projections, but not in the case of the IFIs. Moreover, the inclusion of monetary policy does not change the direction of the relationship with the main economic variables identified in the literature. However, in several cases, the sign and the statistical significance of the political and institutional variables vary. Classification-JEL: E58, E62, E63, H62, H68 Keywords: Fiscal forecast errors, Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs), Shadow rates, Monetary policy, Panel Data Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:119-156 Volume: 254 Issue: 3 Year: 2025 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=251&wpfd_file_id=5636&token=f12c107655cbf4f501cf75fdc3cbb766&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:254:i:3:p:119-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LUJUN WANG Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Author-Name: YUYANG JI Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Author-Name: YONGMIN LUO Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Title: Local Government s Fiscal Revenue Targets and Enterprise Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China Abstract: Within the behavioral framework of Chinese local government officials, the establishment and pursuit of ambitious fiscal revenue targets emerge as both a potent instrument and a prerequisite for realizing political aspirations. This study investigates the influence of fiscal revenue targets on corporate carbon emissions. Our findings indicate that elevating the threshold of fiscal revenue targets significantly curtails enterprise carbon emissions. This effect is manifested through heightened corporate expenditure on pollution charges and increased levels of green innovation. Our research furnishes valuable insights for carbon governance by fiscal revenue target management in developing nations. Classification-JEL: C26, H32, Q48. Keywords: Fiscal revenue target, Carbon emissions, Green innovation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-28 Volume: 252 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=248&wpfd_file_id=5537&token=57ecea05f0152514c61f3db8dfad6df8&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:252:i:1:p:3-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: INSOOK LEE Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Bay Area International Business School, Beijing Normal University Title: Technological Progress and Political Polarization Abstract: How does technological progress affect political polarization? For addressing this question, in an economy where taxation policy is selected by majority-rule voting and voters are differentiated by earning ability, each voter s own ideal taxation policy is obtained to measure political polarization as distance between left-wing and right-wing voters ideal policies. Technological progress exacerbates political polarization, when it is capital-biased by increasing relative capital productivity. In contrast, technological progress does not affect political polarization, when it is unbiased by preserving relative factor productivity. Both biased and unbiased technological progresses do not affect politico-economic distortion, while only the former affects political polarization. Classification-JEL: O33, D72, E62. Keywords: Technological progress, Political polarization, Relative capital productivity, Politico-economic distortion Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-72 Volume: 252 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=248&wpfd_file_id=5539&token=57ecea05f0152514c61f3db8dfad6df8&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:252:i:1:p:29-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MART N LEITES Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de la Rep blica (Uruguay) and EQUALITAS Author-Name: GONZALO SALAS Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de la Rep blica (Uruguay) and EQUALITAS Title: Intergenerational Transmission of Preferences for Redistribution: The Case of Uruguay Abstract: We explore whether preferences for redistributive policies are transmitted from parents to children and study the empirical relevance of three modulators: family mobility, parents personality traits, and children s abilities. We draw on a novel and rich dataset, the Longitudinal Study of Well-being in Uruguay. We use a flexible model to explain the intergenerational persistence. We find that, on average, the intergenerational persistence of preferences for redistribution is relatively high. However, there is heterogeneity associated with parents learning. Finally, the intergenerational transmission of preferences is more relevant when intergenerational mobility is lower, parents have greater self-control, and children present higher abilities. Classification-JEL: D31, D64, H23. Keywords: Preferences for redistribution, Social mobility, Personality traits, Cultural transmission. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:73-112 Volume: 252 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=248&wpfd_file_id=5541&token=57ecea05f0152514c61f3db8dfad6df8&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:252:i:1:p:73-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PABLO BENCOMO-MESA Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: GUSTAVO A. MARRERO Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna and EQUALITAS Author-Name: GABRIELA SICILIA Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Inequality of Opportunity in Education in Spanish Regions: A Machine Learning Approach Abstract: Inequality of Opportunity in Achievement (IOpE) measures the importance of factors beyond the student s control in explaining differences in academic performance. Using PISA 2018, we estimate the IOpE for Spanish regions using conditional inference tree (CIT) and forest (CIF). Using CIFs, IOpE is twice as high as those obtained using traditional approaches (on average, 43% compared to 20%). Murcia and Extremadura are among those with the highest IOpE, while Castilla-La Mancha and the Pais Vasco have the lowest IOpE. The circumstances that contribute most to IOpE are the cultural environment at home (number of books) and parental occupation. Classification-JEL: D63, I24, I28, O52 Keywords: Inequality of opportunity, Academic achievement, Machine learning, PISA, Spanish regions Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 113-162 Volume: 252 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=248&wpfd_file_id=5543&token=57ecea05f0152514c61f3db8dfad6df8&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2025:v:252:i:1:p:113-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ROSA MAR A CA AVERAS PEREA Author-Email: Rosa.Canaveras@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: NGEL TEJADA PONCE Author-Email: Angel.Tejada@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: MAR A PILAR S NCHEZ GONZ LEZ Author-Email: MPilar.Sanchez@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: MAR A DEL MAR L PEZ P REZ Author-Email: Mar.Lopez@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha Title: Determinants of Regional Asymmetry in Inheritance and Gift Tax in Spain Abstract: Based on the hypothesis that there is an asymmetry in the tax burden of the Inheritance and Gift Tax in the different Spanish regions, the internal and external factors that determine its design and the tax burden exerted in each region were analyzed. Two models have been used for this purpose, logistic regression, and the ordinary least squares model. Economic, demographic, and fiscal policy variables are variables that affect both variables and explain the differences existing in the regions. Classification-JEL: C23, K34, R58 Keywords: Regional tax, Regional inequality, Spain, Tax burden, Tax design, Longitudinal analysis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-25 Volume: 251 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=245&wpfd_file_id=5513&token=72e7e4d91895189fa6abf80c2fcc7441&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:251:i:4:p:3-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ALEJANDRO RASTELETTI Author-Email: ARASTELETTI@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Author-Name: ESTEFAN A SARAVIA Author-Email: esaravg@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: UCLA (University of California) Title: Tax Expenditure and Evasion in the Value Added Tax in Latin America Abstract: This work estimates tax expenditure and evasion in the value added tax (VAT) in 16 countries in Latin America using a common methodology of tax gap analysis. The results obtained indicate that revenue losses in VAT due to tax expenditures and evasion are high and highly heterogeneous across countries. Tax expenditures were 2.1% of GDP on average in 2019, while evasion reached an average of 2.3% of GDP. Tax expenditures tend to be higher in countries with higher standard VAT rates and in poor countries. VAT evasion tends to be higher when the tax burden on the private sector is greater. Classification-JEL: H2, H26. Keywords: Value-added tax, Tax expenditure, Evasion, Latin America. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 27-49 Volume: 251 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=245&wpfd_file_id=5515&token=72e7e4d91895189fa6abf80c2fcc7441&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:251:i:4:p:27-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PATRICIA PEINADO Author-Email: patricia.peinado@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Author-Name: FELIPE SERRANO Author-Email: Felipe.serrano@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Title: Minimum Pensions and Regional Income Redistribution in Spain Abstract: One of the instruments used to combat poverty among the elderly is the minimum pension. In Spain, minimum pension is yearly set by government and has a positive effect on income redistribution between regions. In this contribution we analyze and quantify such redistribution. Results show that pensions in regions with low per capita income draw higher amount of supplement than regions with high per capita income. In short, the positive effect of the minimum pension on the income redistribution of the retired population is associated with a relative pension benefit improvement for pensioners in poor regions (above the national average). Classification-JEL:D30, H55, R10. Keywords: Minimum pensions, Social security, Spain, Regional income distribution. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:51-79 Volume: 251 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 Month:December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=245&wpfd_file_id=5517&token=72e7e4d91895189fa6abf80c2fcc7441&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:251:i:4:p:51-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ROSINA MORENO Author-Email: rmoreno@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Group AQR-IREA. Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: JORDI SURI ACH Author-Email: jsurinach@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Group AQR-IREA. Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: ESTHER VAY Author-Email: evaya@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Group AQR-IREA. Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: MAITE VILALTA Author-Email: mvilalta@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Institut d Economia de Barcelona. Universitat de Barcelona Title: The new Spanish University Law: Economic and Fiscal Impact Abstract: This paper simulates the potential economic and fiscal impacts of the new Spanish University Law. Based on its expected positive effects over the production factors (labour and human and technological capital) due to increases in the number of scholarships and dual mentions and higher R&D investment, among the main ones, we estimate its impact on Spanish GDP in 2018. Additionally, we estimate the fiscal return in terms of Social Security contributions and Personal Income Tax. The paper presents, as well, some concerns related to the political and fiscal implementation of the Law at the national and regional levels. Classification-JEL: C01, H52, H72, I23, O47 Keywords:Higher education, Public expenditure, Economic impact, Fiscal impact, Econometrics Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:81-109 Volume: 251 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=245&wpfd_file_id=5521&token=72e7e4d91895189fa6abf80c2fcc7441&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:251:i:4:p:81-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N RIA BOSCH Author-Email: nbosch@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Author-Name: MAYSSUN EL-ATTAR Author-Email: mayssun.el-attarvilalta@mcgill.ca Author-Workplace-Name: McGill University Author-Name: MAITE VILALTA Author-Email: mvilalta@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Title: The Relationship between the Revenue and the Fiscal Capacity of the Spanish Autonomous Regions Abstract: This article analyses the degree of inter-territorial redistribution that occurs in Spain through the Autonomous Regions financial model and through the flow of current and capital transfers that the regional governments receive outside that model. The results indicate a high degree of redistribution that occurs through the systems of allocation of transfers to the various regional governments. In the case of the common-regime autonomous regions, the elasticity of total resources received by the regional governments with respect to their own fiscal capacity (GDP per capita) is 0.010. This means that the resources available to them are almost unrelated to their own fiscal capacity. Classification-JEL: H71, H73 Keywords: Regional financing, Territorial redistribution. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-32 Volume: 250 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=242&wpfd_file_id=5491&token=4da8340bee433062523cb68d39cd7b5c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:250:i:3:p:3-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JOS TORRES REM REZ* Author-Email: torresremirez13@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de las Hesp rides y Escuela de Negocios EUNCET Author-Name: EDUARDO G MEZ MELERO Author-Email: egomez@ucam.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Cat lica de Murcia Author-Name: EVA L PEZ GONZ LEZ Author-Email: eva.lopez@cud.upct.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centro Universitario de la Defensa San Javier y Universidad de las Hesp rides Title: Bunching en Espa a (1982-1998). Las rentas bajas frente a las modificaciones del tipo marginal Abstract: Este art culo estima si la progresividad en el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F sicas (IRPF) debido a los saltos tributarios localizados en las rentas bajas, ha modificado el comportamiento de los contribuyentes desde la perspectiva del bunching. La metodolog a seguida es la de Saez (2010), usando como base de datos el Panel de Declarantes (1982-1998). Los resultados muestran que en la mayor a de los puntos de inflexi n no existe una modificaci n significativa del comportamiento de los contribuyentes a excepci n del a o 1984. Se puede concluir que, los saltos tributarios no han modificado el comportamiento de los contribuyentes. Classification-JEL: H31, H24. H26. Keywords: Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F sicas (IRPF), bunching, elusi n fiscal, rentas bajas Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:33-67 Volume: 250 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=242&wpfd_file_id=5493&token=4da8340bee433062523cb68d39cd7b5c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:250:i:3:p:33-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: TAIWON HA Author-Email: taiwon.ha@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Economy and Finance, Republic of Korea Title: COVID-19 and Household Wealth Heterogeneity: Evidence from South Korea Abstract: Although several studies highlighted the disproportionate effects of the pandemic on household income, its effect on household wealth has been largely disregarded. This study investigated household wealth heterogeneity in Korea using unconditional quantile regression in 2020-2021. These findings indicate that self-employed workers maintained their net assets through targeted fiscal support. However, low-educated workers, poor households, and old households suffered economic damage. Second, unemployed people experienced severe decreases in net wealth due to the pandemic. Lastly, home-owning households in the capital region earned more assets because of asset market booms. Therefore, it suggests inclusive fiscal support to alleviate wealth disparities. Classification-JEL: D31. Keywords: COVID-19, Disproportionate effect, South Korea, Unconditional quantile regression, Wealth inequality. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:69-88 Volume: 250 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=242&wpfd_file_id=5495&token=4da8340bee433062523cb68d39cd7b5c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:250:i:3:p:69-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: FAN HU Author-Email: fan_hu1997@163.com Author-Workplace-Name: Jinan University Author-Name: ZIDONG AN Author-Email: zidong.an@ruc.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Renmin University of China Title: The Buffering Effect of Higher Education Expansion on the Okun s Law in China Abstract: This paper studies the short-run relationship between the labor market and economic fluctuations using China s province-level data and further investigates how higher education expansion policy influences this relationship. Following Okun s law framework, we show that besides total employment, labor force participation also responds to economic fluctuations, resulting in a low sensitivity in the unemployment rate. Based on the interacted variable analysis, we also find that economic growth tends to have larger impacts on labor market indicators during economic downturns than upturns. Lastly, we provide novel evidence that higher education expansion buffers the relationship between the labor market and aggregate demand conditions during economic downturns. This paper sheds some light on achieving more inclusive economic growth in emerging economies through education policy. Classification-JEL: E24, J20, J21, I25. Keywords: Okun s law, Unemployment, Business cycles, Higher education expansion. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 89-107 Volume: 250 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=242&wpfd_file_id=5497&token=4da8340bee433062523cb68d39cd7b5c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:250:i:3:p:89-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JOS MANUEL GONZ LEZ-P RAMO Author-Email: officegonzalezparamo@googlemail.com Author-Workplace-Name: IESE Business School Title: In Defense of Central Bank Independence against its Enthusiasts Abstract: The problem of time inconsistency provides the basic economic rationale behind the independence of central banks, understood as the most suitable institutional mechanism for ensuring price stability. According to the consensus that emerged in the 1990s and the 2000s, endowing the central bank with independent decision-making authority over the use of monetary policy instruments, with a mandate for price stability, enhances the effectiveness of monetary policy and reduces the inflation volatility. It may be surprising that criticisms of the once almost sacrosanct independence arise after the Great Financial Crisis, when it is widely recognized that central banks saved the world from repeating the Great Depression of the 1930s. The paper is an attempt to explain the rationale why these cracks in the consensus have arisen and offers suggestions what to do about it. Independence has an economic basis that is as solid as its political foundation is fragile, because central banks are unelected power. And in the realm of economics and politics, the political economy of central banking may help us understand the evolution of the degree and the specific form of independence because of both internal and external political and economic constraints. The paper examines these issues in some detail, to contextualize the economic and non-economic threats to independence and discusses possible mitigants. Properly assessing the challenges is a prerequisite for preserving the value of this institution, which is perhaps the most important and effective institutional innovation of our time in macroeconomic policy. Classification-JEL: E4, E5, D78, G28 Keywords: Central bank independence, Monetary economics, Independent regulatory agencies, Political economy of monetary policy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages:109-128 Volume: 250 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=242&wpfd_file_id=5499&token=4da8340bee433062523cb68d39cd7b5c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:250:i:3:p:109-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Beatriz Gonz lez L pez-Valc rcel Author-Email: beatriz.lopezvalcarcel@ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Introduction Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-7 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5447&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:3-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabela Siaba, Author-Email: sabela.siabac@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of A Coru a Author-Name: Bruno Casal Author-Email: bruno.casal@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of A Coru a Author-Name: Berta Rivera Author-Email: b.rivera@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of A Coru a Title: The Impact of Financial Constraints on Quality of Life and Mental Health in the Elderly: Evidence from Spain Abstract: This study analyzes the association between financial difficulties and quality of life and depression in Spain. We apply extended probit models in order to control for potential endogeneity, in a sample of 1,759 people over 65 years of age. The results show that facing financial difficulties is significantly related to a lower quality of life and a higher probability of depression, particularly for women. Negative expectations about future finances are inversely and significantly related to the individual s quality of life. These findings suggest that financial advisory and public intervention programs focused on the elderly with financial constraints are necessary to mitigate this negative impact. Classification-JEL: I0, I3. Keywords: Quality of Life, Mental Health, Financial Constraints, Ageing Population. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-34 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5449&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:9-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan-Francisco Albert Author-Email: juan.f.albert@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Nerea G mez-Fern ndez Author-Email: nerea.gomez@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Estatus social y consecuencias sanitarias y socioecon micas del coronavirus Abstract: La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en la poblaci n. Este estudio profundiza en las repercusiones en Espa a, centr ndose en las diferencias por estatus social. Utilizando encuestas del CIS (2020-2021), se estiman modelos log sticos para explorar v nculos entre estatus social, riesgo de infecci n, salud mental y preocupaciones econ micas. Los resultados revelan que, si bien el estatus social no afecta a las tasas de infecci n, s influye en la salud mental y en las preocupaciones econ micas. Este estudio enriquece la comprensi n de los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus impactos desiguales. Classification-JEL: I10, I12, I31. Keywords: COVID-19, estatus social, salud mental, desigualdad, CIS. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 35-63 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5451&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:35-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo Moya Mart nez Author-Email: Pablo.moya@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Ra l del Pozo Rubio Author-Email: raul.delpozo@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha and GEAS Author-Name: Pablo Ruiz Palomino Author-Email: pablo.ruiz@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla-La Mancha and inCORE Title: The Risk For Mobility Limitation In Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional European Study Abstract: In older people is of great interest understand the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health risk factors. We developed the Risk for Mobility Limitation (RML) as an enhanced indicator to classify older adults. Then through concentration index (CI) and structural equation modelling we analyse the relationship between SES and RML. Based on CI, the results show RML distribution inequalities in all Europe and mediation analyses confirm these findings even the presence of mediating variables. Furthermore, vigorous physical activity is the most important mediating variable. Another significant role of SES in reducing RML is that of improving mental health. Classification-JEL: I14, I18, I31, J14. Keywords: Risk for mobility limitation, Obesity, Older adults, Socioeconomic status, Mediation analysis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 65-81 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5453&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:65-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Mar a Abell n Perpi n Author-Email: dionisos@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Jorge Eduardo Mart nez P rez Author-Email: jorgemp@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Fernando Ignacio S nchez Mart nez Author-Email: fernando@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Jorge Luis G mez Torres Author-Email: jorgelgtorres@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: The Intrinsic Value of the Information Contained in Medicine Leaflets Abstract: This paper applies contingent valuation methodology to estimate the monetary value of the information contained in medicine leaflets. By surveying a sample of the general population, we obtain willingness-to-pay estimates of the value of providing additional quantitative information on potential benefits and side effects of a hypothetical medicine, according to the best evidence available about risk communication. The willingness-to-pay estimates found in our study ranged from 60 cents to 1 euro per month. In addition, some consistency tests of the robustness of our estimates are also presented, as well as evidence on their feasibility, reliability and validity. Classification-JEL: I10, I12, I18. Keywords: Contingent valuation, Willingness to pay, Patient information leaflets, Risk communication. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 83-107 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: Https://Hpe-Rpe.Org/Wp-Admin/Admin-Ajax.Php?Juwpfisadmin=False&Action=Wpfd&Task=File.Download&Wpfd_Category_Id=241&Wpfd_File_Id=5455&Token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&Preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:83-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Hlasny Author-Email: vhlasny@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Economic Affairs Officer UN ESCWA Title: One Thousand and One Nights Struggle for Survival: Tales of Child Undernourishment in Arab Countries Abstract: This study evaluates young children s developmental opportunities and anthropometric outcomes across 16 low- and middle-income Arab countries during 2004-2015. We find that disproportionately many children become stunted and underweight, particularly in less developed countries including Mauritania, Somalia and Sudan, but also in the higher-income Iraq and Morocco. Within countries, significant dissimilarities exist in children s opportunities across different socio-economic strata. These gaps must be tackled by a variety of measures at the local, national and international levels with buyin from families, local organizations and authorities including universal pre/post-natal care, immunization, and nutrient supplementation at critical points in children s development. Classification-JEL: D63, I14, I24, I32, J13, N35. Keywords: First one thousand days, Early childhood development, Malnutrition, Equality of opportunities, Arab region. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 109-155 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5457&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:109-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayode Taiwo Author-Email: kayode.taiwo@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Adekumle Ajasin University and NIPE, University of Minho Title: The Effect of Decentralisation on Access to Sanitation and Water Services: An Empirical Test using International Data Abstract: Decentralisation promises efficiency gains and improved access to public goods and services, especially at the local level. Under a decentralised governance arrangement, regional and environmental peculiarities are considered prominently in delivering public goods and services. Given the impact of the environment in influencing sanitation and water services, particularly water provision, this study examines the effect of decentralisation, as measured by revenue share and expenditure share, on access to improved sanitation facilities and drinkable water. Exploiting the variation in the access to sanitation facilities and drinking water using the Hausman-Taylor estimator, this study suggests a positive impact of decentralisation on the access to sanitation and drinkable water. Classification-JEL: H77, O18. Keywords: Decentralisation, Subnational government, Sanitation, Water, Panel data. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 157-180 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5459&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:157-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laia Maynou Author-Email: laia.maynou@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and London School of Economics and Political Science Author-Name: Marc Saez Author-Email: marc.saez@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Girona, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Guillem L pez-Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Title: Association of Income and Wealth with Self-reported Health Status: Analysis of European Countries during the Financial Crisis Abstract: In this paper, we evaluate the association of changes in income and wealth with self-perceived health for the European Union (EU) countries, using a longitudinal sample of individuals. We estimated generalized linear mixed models for three waves of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (2011, 2015, 2017), adjusting for family and individual heterogeneity and for temporal trends. Results show that variations in income have a positive and significant impact on changes in self-perceived health during the financial crisis, but not after 2015. In conclusion, we find that income, rather than wealth, played an important role in protecting health. Classification-JEL: I14, C23, G51. Keywords: Self-perceived health, Wealth, Asset composition, European Union. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 181-210 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5461&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle:RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:181-210. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Hern ndez Izquierdo Author-Email: cristina.herizq@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Ignacio Ab solo Aless n Author-Email: iabasolo@ull.edu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Beatriz Gonz lez L pez-Valc rcel Author-Email: beatriz.lopezvalcarcel@ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Distributional Effects of the 2012 Pharmaceutical Co-payment Change in Spain and Simulated Proposals for Improvement Abstract: We analyse the distributional effects of the 2012 pharmaceutical co-payment reform and eleven simulated alternative schemes in the Canary Islands. A random sample of 41,962 residents covered by the Spanish National Health System together with their individual prescription information from one year before to one after the change was used. The Concentration index (CI) was used to compare inequality in private pharmaceutical spending by income levels: CI increases from 0.03 to 0.07 for the working population, being simulation number 11 the most progressive one (CI=0.20). The use of more income ranges increases progressivity of the system slightly, although more suitable models could have been used, combining more progressivity with more sustainable pharmaceutical public expenditures. Classification-JEL:D63, H23, I14. Keywords: 2012 pharmaceutical co-payment reform, Inequality, Redistributive effects, Progressivity, Simulations. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 211-240 Volume: 249 Issue: 2 Year: 2024 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=241&wpfd_file_id=5463&token=5f2a735b76ec981f99612054bfc043a4&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:249:i:2:p:211-240. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoshan Hu Author-Email: coralhu_cn@163.com Author-Workplace-Name: Shanghai DianJi University Author-Name: Weirui Jiang Author-Email: 21110680027@m.fudan.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Fudan University Author-Name: Guanghua Wan Author-Email: guanghuawan@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Fudan University Author-Name: Jiehao Zhang Author-Email: jiehaozhang627@163.com Author-Workplace-Name: Fudan University Title: The Welfare (Inequality and Growth) Effects of Urbanization: Empirical Evidence from China Abstract: Combining household survey and aggregate provincial data, this paper explores the overall social welfare (growth plus inequality) effect of unprecedented urbanization in China. It is found that (1) urbanization does help raise income, particularly for rural residents and the relatively poor; (2) urbanization is one of the most important contributors to rising inequality in China. However, such adverse influence has been declining over time; and (3) the overall welfare (inequality plus growth) impact of urbanization is positive and rising. It can thus be concluded that public policy makers in China shall devote efforts to promote rather than slow down urbanization in China despite its short-run adverse distributional effect. Classification-JEL: D31, I31, O15 Keywords: Social welfare, Inequality, Urbanization, China Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-20 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5393&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:248:i:1:p:3-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: César García Gómez Author-Email: cesar.garciag@uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Ana Pérez Author-Email: anape@uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Mercedes Prieto-Alaiz Author-Email: prietoal@uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: Changes in the Dependence Structure of AROPE Components: Evidence from the Spanish Region Abstract: The AROPE rate is a multidimensional indicator to monitor poverty in the European Union which combines income, work intensity and material deprivation. However, it misses the possible relationship between its components. To overcome this drawback, some authors proposed to complement the AROPE rate with measures of the dependence between its dimensions, since higher dependence can exacerbate poverty. In this paper, we follow this approach and measure such dependence in the Spanish regions over the period 2008-2018 using three multivariate versions of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Our results reveal an asymmetric effect of the economic cycle on the dependence between poverty dimensions, as this dependence, in many Spanish regions, substantially increased during the Great Recession but dropped little during the economic recovery. Moreover, regions with higher AROPE rates also tend to experience more dependence between its dimensions. Classification-JEL: D63, I32, O52 Keywords: Multivariate dependence, Spearman’s rho, Multidimensional poverty, AROPE Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 21-51 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5395&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024v:248:i:1:p:21-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Ignacio García-Pérez Author-Email: jigarper@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide and FEDEA Author-Name: Antonio Villar Author-Email: avillar.upo@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide and ISEAK Title: Non-Working Workers. The Spanish Labour Market under Covid-19 Abstract: We propose in this paper a way of analyzing the evolution of unemployment that considers, besides conventional unemployment rates, unemployment duration, discouraged workers and workers with suspended jobs. Those variables are combined into a synthetic index of non-employment that can be expressed as the product of two components, incidence and severity. We apply this methodology to analyse the evolution of the Spanish labour market during one year with Covid-19. The data show that the behaviour of the job market has been very asymmetric by regions and types of workers. We find that not only incidence and severity are quite heterogeneous across regions and worker types, but also that the evolution between 2019 and 2020 has been different from that corresponding to the financial crisis, with high unemployment regions and older workers suffering less, in terms of incidence and severity. Classification-JEL: J01, J21 Keywords: Unemployment duration, Severity, Incidence, Covid-19 Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 53-71 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5397&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:248:i:1:p:53-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zehua Jiang Author-Email: zhjiang.wise@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Queen Mary University of London Author-Name: Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay Author-Email: s.bandyopadhyay@qmul.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Queen Mary University of London Title: Intergenerational Mobility and Inequality in China: Evidence from the Chinese Household Income Project Abstract: We document intergenerational mobility in the income distribution in China, using Chinese Household Income Project survey data from the 1990s till 2013. To obtain a robust picture of mobility, we use several measures of mobility: from the most commonly used intergenerational income elasticity to the innovative rank mobility measures. We then estimate quantile regressions to capture variation along the income distribution. Conclusively, our results suggest higher dependence of children’s income on parental income for lower income generational pairs, indicating challenges to promote upward mobility and reducing inequality. Classification-JEL: C31, D31, D63, J62, J68 Keywords: Intergenerational mobility, Inequality, Quantile regressions, Rank mobility, China. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 73-90 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5399&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:248:i:1:p:73-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuchehr Irandoust Author-Email: manuch.dost@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Independent Researcher, Mellbystrand, Sweden Title: Informality and Taxation: Evidence from Seven Latin American Countries Abstract: This study examines the impact of the shadow economy on taxation in seven Latin American countries between 1993 and 2018. The technique is built using a MIMIC model and a bootstrap panel Granger causality approach. The results show that the variables are related causally, with the shadow economy having a detrimental impact on tax revenues. Governments are advised to embark on labor market and institutional reforms, reduce barriers to firm entry, provide a reliable and sufficient regulatory environment, and provide employee social protection as ways to reduce the informal economy. Classification-JEL: J21, J62, N35 Keywords: Informality, Tax revenues, Inflation, Latin America, Causality. Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 91-114 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5401&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:248:i:1:p:91-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Ayala Author-Email: layala@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: UNED and Equalitas Author-Name: Mariya Melnychuk Author-Email: m.melnychuk@ucl.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University College London Title: Differential Effects of Expansions and Recessions on Social Assistance Duration: The Case of Regional Minimum Income Programmes in Spain Abstract: In this paper we study the effects of the business cycle on welfare benefit duration and successful exits from the welfare programs. We construct durations for households entering these programs using administrative data for the total population participating in 2005-2016 in Minimum Income Integration programs in Spain,and combine these with province-level data on aggregate unemployment rate. We estimate discrete hazard models to analyse whether different labour conditions at entry to the program significantly affect the length of participation, and whether favourable conditions increase or decrease the hazard of a successful leaving the program. Our results show that higher unemployment rates are related to lower probability of successful exit from the program, and this effect becomes larger during recessions than in expansion periods. Classification-JEL: I30, I38, C41 Keywords: Minimum imcome, Unemployment, Labour market conditions, Discrete hazard models Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages: 115-141 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5403&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:248:i:1:p:115-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristian F. Sepúlveda Author-Email: cristian.sepulveda@farmingdale.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Farmingdale State College (SUNY9 Title: Use and Abuse of the Concept of ‘Excess Burden’ in the Theory of Public Finance Abstract: Optimal tax theory assigns two roles to the measure of excess burden, one to compare the costs of alternative tax instruments, the other to measure the deadweight loss of specific tax instruments, which presumably correspond to the welfare costs of their distortionary effects. This paper claims that the deadweight loss provides misleading measures of welfare costs from tax distortions, because it requires to make unverified assumptions to equate costs to distortions and ensure that the deadweight loss is greater than zero. Taxes other than the lump-sum tax and tax-induced changes in relative prices cannot generally be assumed to be distortionary. Classification-JEL: H21, H24, J22 Keywords: Excess burden, Deadweight loss, Optimal taxation, Tax distortions, Lump-sum tax Journal: Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics Pages:143-166 Volume: 248 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=239&wpfd_file_id=5405&token=007d54a98b3779b630b4c640eebbaae5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2024:v:248:i:1:p:143-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Cant Author-Email: olga.canto@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal and EQUALITAS Author-Name: Carmelo Garc a P rez Author-Email: carmelogarcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Marina Romaguera de la Cruz Author-Email: mromaguera@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: UNED and EQUALITAS Title: The Role of Tax-Benefit Systems in Shaping Economic Insecurity in the European Union Abstract: This paper aims to understand if differences in European countries tax-benefit systems impact on individual levels of economic insecurity beyond their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, with an additional focus on households with children. We consider 29 European countries and use multilevel modelling techniques to study the simultaneous role of micro and macro determinants on a multidimensional index of economic insecurity. Our results show that larger welfare systems and generous general social risk policies for unemployment, bad health and social exclusion are correlated with lower insecurity levels, also for households with children who may receive other transfers specifically targeted to them. Classification-JEL: D63, I39 Keywords: Economic insecurity, Tax-benefit systems, Households with children, Multilevel modelling. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 7-36 Volume: 247 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=236&wpfd_file_id=5343&token=c6b07e8cd5f21c70202966d9db79f3ae&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:247:i:4:p:7-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Fattore Author-Email: marco.fattore@unimib.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milano-Bicocca Author-Name: Stefania M.L. Rimoldi Author-Email: stefania.rimoldi@unimib.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milano-Bicocca Title: Effects of the Covid Pandemic on the Economic Vulnerability of Italian Society. Abstract: This paper provides some insights on the effects of the Covid pandemic, on the economic vulnerability of Italian society. Data come from the first 5 waves of a special social survey, held by Bank of Italy, to monitor the economic consequences of the Covid emergency. Economic vulnerability is assessed through a set of four ordinal variables, then condensed into a synthetic measure, by using tools from Partial Order Theory; social groups are identified based on profiling socio-economic variables. Results reveal the heavy economic impact of the pandemic and the risk of increased polarization of the Italian society. Classification-JEL: C43, C49, C63, I32. Keywords: Covid-19, Economic vulnerability, Italy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-68 Volume: 247 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=236&wpfd_file_id=5345&token=c6b07e8cd5f21c70202966d9db79f3ae&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023v:247:i:4:p:37-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Conchita D Ambrosio Author-Email: conchita.dambrosio@uni.lu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Luxembourg Author-Name: Andrew E. Clark Author-Email: Andrew.Clark@ens.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Paris School of Ecomonics-CNRS and University of Luxembourg Author-Name: R mi Yin Author-Email: remi.yin@uni.lu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Luxembourg Title: Economic Insecurity and Health Abstract: We here show that individual-level economic insecurity, based on the time profile of economic resources, is detrimental to both physical and mental health in long-run Australian panel data. This relationship is found in panel data, comparing an individual s change in economic security over time to the changes in her health. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that economic insecurity is particularly detrimental to the health of the most-deprived, those over the age of 30, and men rather than women. Classification-JEL: I14, D63, I32 Keywords: Economic insecurity, Mental health, Physical health, HILDA. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 69-89 Volume: 247 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=236&wpfd_file_id=5347&token=c6b07e8cd5f21c70202966d9db79f3ae&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:247:i:4:p:69-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan A. Lacomba Author-Email: jlacomba@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Francisco Lagos Author-Email: fmlagos@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Ana I. Moro-Egido Author-Email: aimoro@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Job Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Urban-Rural Differe Abstract: In a period in which COVID-19 began to spread quickly around the world, and the WHO had just declared a public health emergency of international concern, we examine the impact of these circumstances on perceived job insecurity in Spain. We analyse the role of labor status and place of residence (urban/rural) on these job perceptions. To this end, we conducted a large-scale survey in Spain just before and after the nationwide lockdown was implemented on March 14, 2020, and a law with extraordinary urgent measures to address the economic, labour, and social impact was passed on March 17, 2020 (ERTE in Spanish). Our main results show that rural areas are most sensitive in terms of feelings of job insecurity. In particular, we find that for some groups living in rural areas is related to lower perceived job insecurity. Besides, we observe that, among the non-working population, the feeling of job insecurity reacts more to the implementation of the lockdown and ERTE, with offsetting effects Classification-JEL: C21, D90, H12, I31, R19 Keywords: COVID-19, Lockdown and ERTE, Job-insecurity, Urban-rural differences. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 91-124 Volume: 247 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=236&wpfd_file_id=5349&token=c6b07e8cd5f21c70202966d9db79f3ae&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:247:i:4:p:91-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hai-Anh H. Dang Author-Email: hdang@worldbank.org Author-Workplace-Name: World Bank, IZA, Indiana University and London School of Economics and Political Science Author-Name: Kseniya Abanokova Author-Email: kabanokova@hse.ru Author-Workplace-Name: World Bank and National Research University Higher School of Economics Author-Name: Michael M. Lokshin Author-Email: mlokshin@worldbank.org Author-Workplace-Name: World BanK Title: Life Satisfaction, Subjective Wealth, and Adaptation to Vulnerability in the Russian Federation during 2002-2019 Abstract: We offer the first study on vulnerability adaptation to subjective well-being, using rich panel data over the past two decades for Russia. We found no adaption to vulnerability for life satisfaction and subjective wealth, with longer vulnerability spells associated with more negative subjective welfare. Some evidence indicates that despite little differences between urban and rural areas in life satisfaction, rural areas exhibit a more robust lack of adaptation for subjective wealth, particularly for longer durations of vulnerability. More education generally indicates a stronger lack of adaptation for life satisfaction, but similar levels of adaptation for subjective wealth. Classification-JEL: D6, I3, O1 Keywords: Vulnerability, Adaptation, Satisfaction, Subjective wealth, Gender, Panel data, Russia. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 125-153 Volume: 247 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=236&wpfd_file_id=5351&token=c6b07e8cd5f21c70202966d9db79f3ae&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:247:i:4:p:125-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shireen Alazawi Author-Email: salazzawi@scu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Santa Clara University Author-Name: Vladimir Hlasny Author-Email: vhlasny@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ecomonic affairs officer UN ESCWA Title: Youths Employment Vulnerability amidst a Lingering Crisis: Evidence from the Middle East Abstract: This study estimates the impacts of the lingering COVID crisis on workers outcomes in four Middle East and North African (MENA) countries Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia using panel microdata from ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitors (February 20-September 21). Workers employment statuses were assessed using transition matrices and multinomial logistic models with quasi fixed effects. We confirm that strict COVID regulatory regimes have negative effects on employment outcomes of most groups of workers, but the effects cannot be consistently ranked between age cohorts and genders across the four countries. In 2021, men s employment prospects gradually improved, but women remained largely excluded from work opportunities. Youths trailed non-youths throughout the pandemic, perpetuating existing inequalities along sex and age dimensions, but also vis- -vis workers socioeconomic status represented by their education and employment type. Classification-JEL: J21, J62, N35 Keywords: Employment vulnerability, Youth, COVID-19, Economic crisis, MENA. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 155-186 Volume: 247 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=236&wpfd_file_id=5354&token=c6b07e8cd5f21c70202966d9db79f3ae&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:247:i:4:p:155-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Insook lee Author-Email: islee@bnu.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Bay Area International Business School, Beijing Normal University Title: Optimal Progressivity of Public Pension Benefit and Labor Income Tax Abstract: This paper characterizes optimal progressivity of public pension benefit and labor income tax, which leads to intra- and inter-generational redistributions. The optimal progressivity of public pension benefit and that of labor income tax mutually depend on each other. The optimal ratio of public pension benefit progressivity to labor income tax progressivity is not constant rate of time discounting. Optimal public pension benefit is more progressive than optimal labor income tax. Whereas effects of pre-government inequality on the optimal progressivity of public pension benefit and that of labor income tax are positive, effect of population aging on them is theoretically ambiguous. Classification-JEL: H55, H21, D60 Keywords: Progressivity of public pension benefit, Progressivity of income tax. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-35 Volume: 246 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=234&wpfd_file_id=5301&token=3e7e605da29f529dff4ad19b0a179b3a&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:246:i:3:p:3-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Navarro Author-Email: marianh@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Social-Cultural Capital and Domain Satisfaction Abstract: We analyze the relevance of social resources in different domain satisfactions (finances, job, health, housing, and leisure) as well as the possible sources of endogeneity in the relationship between the two concepts, the differential effect of factors across domains, and the correlation between the domains. The findings could be important to improve citizens quality of life. First, we find that social contacts are less relevant in domain satisfactions after controlling for endogeneity problems, while trust and worries remain relevant. Thus, it is convenient to control for endogeneity problems when analyzing satisfaction. Secondly, there are small differences across the effects of most factors on the different domain satisfactions, which are correlated. Classification-JEL: C23, D60, I31, I38. Keywords: Domain satisfactions, Social-cultura capital, Endogeneity problems, Public policies. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-70 Volume: 246 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=234&wpfd_file_id=5303&token=3e7e605da29f529dff4ad19b0a179b3a&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023v:246:i:3:p:37-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sini a Mali Author-Email: sinisa.mali@mfin.gov.rs Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University of Ko ice Author-Name: Lenka MaliCk Author-Email: lenka.malicka@tuke.sk Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University of Ko ice Title: Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Fiscal Stance in EU: Real Deal or Econometric Illusion? Abstract: This paper aims to examine how cyclically-adjusted primary balance (CAPB) in EU countries responded to the expenditure and tax decentralization. We contribute to the literature by three important conclusions. First, estimation results indicate that CAPB positively responded to expenditure decentralization, and negatively responded to tax decentralization. Second, fiscal decentralization seems to be driven by the determinants exogenous to primary balance. Third, variables deemed as the good instruments in the existing literature fail to explain within variations of the fiscal decentralization indicators. We hypothesized that negative impact of tax decentralization on the primary balance is transmitted through the government revenues, but further research is needed to resolve this puzzle Classification-JEL: H60, H71, H72. Keywords: Fiscal decentralization, Fiscal reaction function, Fiscal stance, EU. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 71-99 Volume: 246 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=234&wpfd_file_id=5305&token=3e7e605da29f529dff4ad19b0a179b3a&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:246:i:3:p:71-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Manuel Espejo Ben tez Author-Email: jmespben@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla Author-Name: Jos Mar a Mill n Tapia Author-Email: jmillan@uhu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Huelva Title: Poblaci n en riesgo de pobreza y/o exclusi n social. Propuesta metodol gica para la estimaci n del indicador AROPE en los municipios de Andaluc a Abstract: This work presents a methodological proposal for the continuous estimation of the AROPE indicator (Eurostat) and its components on income and employment about people at risk of poverty and/or social exclusion in Andalusian municipalities. The predictive power of this method is assessed by an estimation exercise for this indicator during the period 2016-2018, which shows how the methodology provides accurate estimations of the aggregated indicator values for Andalusia and its evolution over time. The results reveal how aggregated data hide not just high heterogeneity of the estimated municipal values but also significant territorial redistribution of poverty and/or social exclusion during the study period. Classification-JEL: D31, D63, I32, O1, R58 Keywords: Poverty, Social exclusion, Inequality, Small spatial scale-municipalities, Territorial heterogeneity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 101-135 Volume: 246 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=234&wpfd_file_id=5307&token=3e7e605da29f529dff4ad19b0a179b3a&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:246:i:3:p:101-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C sar P rez L pez Author-Email: cesar.perez@ief.hacienda.gob.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Mar a Jes s Delgado Rodr guez Author-Email: mariajesus.delgado@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Sonia de Lucas Santos Author-Email: sonia.delucas@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Title: Modelizaci n de los factores que afectan al fraude fiscal con t cnicas de miner a de datos: aplicaci n al Impuesto de la Renta en Espa a Abstract: This paper presents a proposal to model and predict the behavior of Personal Income Tax (IRPF) tax-payers with data mining techniques. Decision trees and discriminant analysis are combined to quantify each taxpayer's propensity to fraud using the tax components with the highest incidence of fraud. The model achieves an average efficiency in predictions of more than 89%, allowing respondents to be segmented by level of propensity to fraud. The proposal can be used in the audit and control process carried out by the Tax Agency. Classification-JEL: H26, C55, C38 Keywords: Tax fraud, Data mining, Personal income tax, Prediction. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 137-164 Volume: 246 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=234&wpfd_file_id=5309&token=3e7e605da29f529dff4ad19b0a179b3a&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:246:i:3:p:137-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel- ngel L pez Garc a Author-Email: miguelangel.lopez@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Controles de alquileres Abstract: In this paper we review the allocative and distributional effects of those provisions that fall under the general heading of rent controls. We discuss first generation controls (viewed as setting a maximum rental price) and second generation controls (where the regulation is not as stringent and, in particular, exceptions associated with new housing units are allowed) as well as the so-called third generation or tenancy controls (where rental payments are regulated within a tenancy but may vary between tenancies). We also review the indications provided by the empirical evidence along with some recent regulation and deregulation experiences. Classification-JEL: L51, R21, R31, R38 Keywords: Rent control, Regulation, Housing policy, Effciency, Equity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 165-206 Volume: 246 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=234&wpfd_file_id=5311&token=3e7e605da29f529dff4ad19b0a179b3a&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:246:i:3:p:165-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriella Sicilia Author-Email: gsicilia@ull.edu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna y CEDESOG Author-Name: Rosa Simancas Author-Email: rsimancas@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Eficiencia y equidad educativa en Espa a: un an lisis comparativo a nivel regional. Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the quality of the Spanish education system by measuring the efficiency and equity of each of the Autonomous Communities. To do so, we compare the productivity of each region by decomposing the gaps in terms of efficiency and technological change. Then, several dimensions of equity in terms of education are considered through multiple indicators used in the literature to measure the influence of students socio-economic status on their performance. Finally, we address the trade-off between educational efficiency and equity, and we discuss potential policies and interventions for improvement. Classification-JEL: C14, H75, I21, I24 Keywords: Efficiency, Equity, Education, Regional analysis, Spain. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 7-33 Volume: 245 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5262&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:245:i:2:p:7-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel G mez de Antonio Author-Email: miguel.gomez.deantonio@ief.hacienda.gob.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Noem Villaz n Pellejero Author-Workplace-Name: Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Consejer a T cnica del Area de Gobierno de Econom a, Innovaci n y Hacienda Title: Propuesta de implantaci n de pol ticas de complemento salarial en el Ingreso M nimo Vital y en el IRPF: un an lisis emp rico con EUROMOD. Abstract: This paper analyzes the effect of two complementary making work pay policies using EUROMOD. The first policy is targeted to households in severe poverty and has been designed as a wage complement on the Ingreso M nimo Vital (IMV). The second has a broader coverage and consist on a refundable tax credit for individuals with low wages. We analyze the effects of these policies on poverty, income distribution and labor market participation. The results show that these policies have positive effects on poverty reduction, as they significantly improve the income levels of households participating in the labor market, especially for households with children. At the extensive margin, disincentives to labor market participation are reduced, maintaining adequate levels of protection against unemployment. At the intensive margin, they slightly soften the disincentive on labor market participation of households in severe poverty. Classification-JEL: H24, I38, J38 Keywords: Income support policies, Ingreso M nimo Vital (IMV), Personal income tax, Poverty, Redistribution, Marginal effective rates, Micro-simulation, EUROMOD. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 35-69 Volume: 245 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5264&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023v:245:i:2:p:35-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Alberto Sanchis Llopis Author-Email: juan.a.sanchis@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Antonio Cutanda Author-Email: antonio.cutanda@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia and ERICES Title: Labour Supply Responses to Income Tax Changes in Spain. Abstract: This paper simulates the response of the Spanish labour supply to income tax changes using estimates for the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of leisure, calculated using a pseudo-panel built combining information from the EPA and the ECPF, for the period 1987-1997. According to our findings, income tax reforms have an impact on Spanish labour market, although the effects are quite small, making this mechanism a restricted tool for addressing the country s existing social security system deficit. Further, labour responses differ for men and women, across workers age, as well as between permanent and fixed-term contract workers. Classification-JEL: E62, H24, H31, J22 Keywords: Labour supply, Labour income tax, Intertemporal elasticity of substitution of leisure, Simulations. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 71-94 Volume: 245 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5266&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:245:i:2:p:71-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jordi Rosell Author-Email: jordi.rosell@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Girona Title: Green Public Procurement in Spain. Abstract: We analyse green public procurement (GPP) implementation in Spain by examining thousands of procurement processes for the period 2012 through 2019. Our logistic regressions highlight three main findings: first, the 2014/24/UE directive transposition on public procurements fosters GPP adoption in Spain, its most marked effect being recorded among the more bureaucratic, less flexible, bodies; second, regional and local tiers of government are not as green in their procurement processes when we control for sector effects; and, third, there is a year-end effect that reduces the GPP on central and regional governments. Classification-JEL: H57, H61, Q58 Keywords: Green public procurement, 2014/24/UE procurement Directive, Year-end effects. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 95-117 Volume: 245 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5268&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:245:i:2:p:95-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudio A. Agostini Author-Email: claudio.agostini@uai.cl Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Adolfo Ib ez Author-Name: Marcela Perticara Author-Email: marcela.perticara@udp.cl Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Diego Portales Author-Name: Javiera Selman Author-Email: javieraselman@tulane.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Tulane University Title: Tackling Vulnerable Households through a Working Tax Credit Scheme: A Feasible Alternative to Cash Transfers. Abstract: Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCTs) have been extremely popular strategies to fight poverty in developing countries for the last three decades. Although these programs can be effective to improve the welfare of the poor in the short run and even to guarantee basic health care and education services, they can also discourage employment and reduce formality rates. Furthermore, they can create welfare dependence and prevent the generation of autonomous income. Many developed countries have been using the income tax system not only to redistribute income but also to implement social policies. A good example is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the United States, which offers a reimbursable credit conditioned on working to low-income individuals. This paper uses Chilean data to empirically analyze the effect that a system such as the EITC would have on poverty and inequality in a developing country. Our polity targets single 18-60 years old women, without a partner, with and without eligible children. The results show that a tax credit could increase employment while reducing poverty and inequality. Additionally, we show that an EITC design might be more cost-effective to increase the income of individuals below the poverty line and to reduce inequality. Given that a program like the EITC mostly benefits those who have a higher chance of seeking and obtaining employment in the formal sector, such policy should be implemented as a complementary tool to other social policy programs aimed at helping individuals out of the informal sector. Classification-JEL: H24, H53, I38 Keywords: EITC, Poverty, Inequality, Ethical family income, Chile. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 119-155 Volume: 245 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5270&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:245:i:2:p:119-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo Burriel Author-Email: pburriel@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Javier J. P rez Author-Email: javierperez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Ivan Kataryniuk Author-Email: ivan.kataryniuk@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: Computing the EU s SURE Interest Savings with an Extended Debt Sustainability Analysis Tool Abstract: The EU s SURE programme provided loans to member states to fund public spending on unemployment schemes during the COVID-19 crisis. Funds were raised through securities issued on capital markets and disbursed as bilateral loans. This paper examines the interest savings from loans for Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy using a Debt Sustainability Analysis tool extended to account for different types of debt. Results show signifcant interest savings under the SURE programme, with potential for even greater savings during periods of market stress. Classification-JEL: E44, E61, E62, F36, F45, G14, H63, H68 Keywords: Public debt, Fiscal sustainability, Interest payments, European Union. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 157-178 Volume: 245 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL:https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5272&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:245:i:2:p:157-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuria Badenes Pl Author-Email: nuria.badenes@ief.hacienda.gob.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Borja Gambau Suelves Author-Email: bgambau@afi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Analistas Financieros Internacionales (Afi), RedEv and Universidad Nacional de Educaci n a Distancia Author-Name: Jos M. Labeaga Author-Email: jlabeaga@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Nacional de Educaci n a Distancia Title: Counterfactual Assessment in the Design of Tax Reforms: Model Decomposition of Revenue and Redistribution Effects. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a methodology for the evaluation of tax reforms through the design of counterfactual scenarios using Euromod. For this purpose, we develop two theorical model decompositions to explain the differences in tax revenue collection and the redistributive impact. We provide empirical evidence by designing a tax reform in Spain based on the French personal income tax. The approach can explain the isolated causes of differences based on the contribution of the tax system design and the income distribution. This result could help determining whether policy recommendations should focus on pre-distribution or redistribution. Classification-JEL: H20, H24, C60, D04, D63, J38 Keywords: Tax reforms, Counterfactual, Evaluation, Microsimulation, Euromod. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 179-208 Volume: 245 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=230&wpfd_file_id=5274&token=92e86349c579a4ba97a7b0539a6907a7&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:245:i:2:p:179-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arielle Beyaert Author-Email: arielle@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Murcia Author-Name: Jos Garc a-Solanes Author-Email: solanes@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Murcia Author-Name: Laura L pez-G mez Author-Email: laura.l.g@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Murcia Title: Did the Euro Really Increase Corruption in the Eurozone? A Counterfactual Analysis Abstract: In this paper we apply the Synthetic Control Method developed by Abadie, Diamond and Hainm eller (2010) to assess the extent to which the adoption of the euro has affected corruption in three groups of Eurozone countries: the core, southern and eastern countries. To do so, we construct counterfactuals for each group and for individual countries and compare them with the actual evolution of the corruption-control indicator. Except in the case of the Netherlands, where significant negative effects are detected, we find evidence that the adoption of the euro has either contributed to reducing corruption or has not affected it significantly. Classification-JEL: F00, F50, P48 Keywords: Corruption, Counterfactual analysis, Eurozone, Synthetic Control Method. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-36 Volume: 244 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=227&wpfd_file_id=5168&token=49af4306bd46b67ddf4c07e92cb16271&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:244:i:1:p:3-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Van Bon Nguyen Author-Email: nv.bon@ufm.edu.vn Author-Workplace-Name: University of Finance Marketing (UFM), Vietnam Title: The Relationship between Public Expenditure and Private Investment in Developed and Developing Economies: Policy Implications Based on the Difference Abstract: Public spending is one effective instrument of fiscal policy in both developed and developing countries. Governments use it to overcome the cyclicality of the economy and to run the economy. However, it can crowd in or crowd out private investment. Is there a difference in the public expenditure private investment relationship between developed and developing countries? This study looks for an answer by empirically investigating the effect of public expenditure on private investment for a group of 36 developed countries and a group of 98 developing countries from 2002 to 2019. The results by the two-step difference GMM Arellano-Bond estimator seem to be counter-intuitive. Public expenditure crowds out private investment in developed countries but crowds in it in developing countries. The study uses the FE-IV estimator and the PGM estimator to check the robustness of these estimates. The study suggests some arguments to explain the validity of the counter-intuitive results and policy implications for governments in both developed and developing countries. Classification-JEL: E62, H32 Keywords: Public expenditure, Private investment, Developed countries, Developing countries. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-55 Volume: 244 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=227&wpfd_file_id=5170&token=49af4306bd46b67ddf4c07e92cb16271&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023v:244:i:1:p:37-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Cadaval Sampedro Author-Email: maria.cadaval@usc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Author-Name: Alberto Vaquero Garc a Author-Email: vaquero@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: GEN- Universidade de Vigo Title: Centrality and Capital Costs in Urban Areas: Policy Watch for Spain Abstract: For decades the discussion on the local public services in urban areas pivoted on the advantages and disadvantages of central cities. Their effects are difficult to measure and mitigate, the benefits are debatable although the literature proposes a set of answers. Some of these options have been adopted in practice through different economic policy measures that spark a debate. This paper is the first to collect a survey with the different positions regarding the costs and benefits of centrality and it also provides a policy watch of economic policy measures that have been put into practice in Spain. Classification-JEL: H21, H23, H77, R12, R41, R51. Keywords: Urban areas, Central cities, Capital cost, Agglomeration economies, Policy watch. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-78 Volume: 244 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=227&wpfd_file_id=5172&token=49af4306bd46b67ddf4c07e92cb16271&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:244:i:1:p:57-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Boadway Author-Email: boadwayr@queensu.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Queen s University, Canada Author-Name: Katherine Cuff Author-Email: cuffc@mcmaster.ca Author-Workplace-Name: McMaster University, Canada Title: The Case for Uniform Commodity Taxation: A Tax Reform Approach Abstract: Generalizing the tax reform approach of Laroque (2005), Kaplow (2006) and Hellwig (2009), we show that for any arbitrary income tax system differential commodity taxation can be Pareto-dominated by a uniform rate with a suitably reformed income tax. Under particular preference specifications, we derive the explicit income tax reforms required in an representative-agent economy and when there is linear progressive, piecewise linear and nonlinear income taxation. Optimal uniform commodity results of Sandmo (1974), Atkinson and Stiglitz (1976) and Deaton (1979) apply with involuntary unemployment and when individuals differ in preferences for leisure and make extensive labour supply decisions. Classification-JEL: H21, H23, H24 Keywords: Uniform commodity taxation, Optimal income tax, Piecewise linear income tax. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 79-109 Volume: 244 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=227&wpfd_file_id=5174&token=49af4306bd46b67ddf4c07e92cb16271&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:244:i:1:p:79-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luiz de Mello Author-Email: luiz.demello@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Real Estate in a Post-Pandemic World: How Can Policies Make Housing More Enviromentally Sustainable and Affordable? Abstract: The real estate sector, including the residential and commercial market segments, is a heavy consumer of energy and, as a result, a sizeable source of emissions of greenhouse gases. This is primarily on account of the consumption of energy in heating and cooling systems, as well as in the use of domestic appliances. The construction, maintenance and thermal characteristics of buildings add to the sector s energy consumption. Based on a review of scholarly and policy-focused work, this paper argues that decarbonisation strategies to meet agreed climate change targets will need to incorporate policies targeted to the specificities of the real estate sector. They include addressing split incentives among owner-occupiers, landlords and renters (in the private and social housing markets) for investment in home improvements and energy retrofitting; raising the standards of energy performance for new and existing properties through labelling/certification and other means; and reducing the cost of finance for needed investments while broadening access to the underserved population Classification-JEL: Q58, Q48, R38, K25. Keywords: Housing, Decarbonisation, Energy efficiency, Real estate regulation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 111-139 Volume: 244 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=227&wpfd_file_id=5176&token=49af4306bd46b67ddf4c07e92cb16271&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2023:v:244:i:1:p:111-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthijs Jansen Author-Email: M.J.Janssen@uu.nl Author-Workplace-Name: Utrecht University and Dialogic Innovatie en Interactie Title: Legitimation and Effects of Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies: A Spillover Perspective Abstract: Recent times have seen a rising interest for mission-oriented innovation policies (MIP) as a means to mobilize innovation capacities for addressing societal challenges. Building on advancements in heterodox economics and innovation studies, this paper discusses the economic rationales for three MIP intervention types by considering the spillovers they might engender. We provide an empirical illustration by using survey data retrieved from 276 firms participating in Dutch examples of each MIP type. Our findings warn against pursuing system transformations by adhering to traditional firm-level stimuli and impact measures (MIP drift), as well as against avid support for context-specific solutions (myopic MIP). Classification-JEL: O38, O33 Keywords: Spillovers, Externalities, Mission-Oriented Policy, Innovatie Public Procurement Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 7-28 Volume: 243 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=224&wpfd_file_id=5103&token=367e9ec3b414c2af52196c58a48143d6&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:243:i:4:p:7-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Aparicio Author-Email: sebastian.aparicio@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: David Audretsch Author-Email: daudrets@indiana.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Indiana University Author-Name: David Urbano Author-Email: david.urbano@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Governmental Support for Entrepreneurship in Spain: An Institutional Approach Abstract: Institutions have acted as rules of the game influencing entrepreneurship. However, little is known about their complementary function as knowledge generators. Drawing on institutional economics, this paper explores the role of regional governments and universities in creating public support and knowledge conducive to entrepreneurship in Spain. Unbalanced panel data models are applied to 281 observations taken from GEM; Ministry of Economics, Industry, and Competitiveness; and INE in the 2004-2018 period. Findings suggest that formal institutions as R&D expenditure and staff in the public sector and universities positively predict entrepreneurship. In light of these results, theory and policies are discussed. Classification-JEL: J68, L26, O3, P48. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Formal institutions, Governmental policies, Public sector, Universities. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-49 Volume: 243 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=224&wpfd_file_id=5105&token=367e9ec3b414c2af52196c58a48143d6&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:243:i:4:p:29-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Contreras Author-Email: jcontreg@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (en excedencia) Author-Name: Julio Angulo Author-Email: julioangulo1950@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Independiente Title: Innovation and Tariff-adjustment Options in Public-private Partnerships Abstract: This paper explores the question of whether the inclusion in PPP contracts of options to adjust economic conditions in the face of technological changes may help the adoption of such innovations, while reducing the opportunity cost for governments. In the model proposed a grantor government reserves the right to cut its payments to the concessionaire when the concession s costs are reduced because of the implementation of technological innovations The paper is of interest given that digital transformation and robotization can generate relevant productivity improvements in areas where a significant part of the public budget is spent, such as healthcare and education services. By adopting a numerical example, this paper illustrates the application of the model to a school concession project. Classification-JEL: D86, H11, H52, H57. Keywords: Innovation, Public-private Partnerships, Real options, Operating costs. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 51-81 Volume: 243 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=224&wpfd_file_id=5107&token=367e9ec3b414c2af52196c58a48143d6&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:243:i:4:p:51-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip McCann Author-Email: p.mccann@sheffield.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Manchester Author-Name: Raquel Ortega-Argil s Author-Email: raquel.ortega-argiles@manchester.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Manchester Title: Regional Innovation, Industrial Policy and UK Interregional Challenges Abstract: This paper examines the challenges associated with fostering regional innovation via place-based innovation policies in a context where a country previously had little or no real place-based thinking or policy-framing. The UK displays a combination of both high interregional inequalities and a highly centralisation and top-down governance system. For many years national policy was based on the assumption that knowledge spillover effects from the London economy would naturally diffuse through-out the country, whereas recently there has emerged a realisation that this has not happened. Instead, devolution-related governance reforms are required to foster regional development, but the over-centralisation of the system itself militates against this. Here we discuss the economic development and governance-reform challenges associated with a shift towards more devolved policy making in a setting of good institutions which are ill-designed for the challenge. Classification-JEL: R11, R12, O33, O38 Keywords: Innovation, Regions, Policy, Governance Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 83-100 Volume: 243 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=224&wpfd_file_id=5109&token=367e9ec3b414c2af52196c58a48143d6&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:243:i:4:p:83-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edurne Magro Author-Email: edurne.magro@orkestra.deusto.es Author-Workplace-Name: Orkestra-Basque Institute of Competitiveness and Deusto Business School, University of Deusto Title: Revisiting the Nexus between Industrial Policy and Regional Economic Resilience in an Era of Grand Societal Challenges Abstract: In this paper, we adopt an evolutionary approach to understand the role of industrial policies in developing regional short and long-term resilience. We take an in-depth look at the different type of policy instruments to categorise the different place-based approaches and industrial policy mixes and explore their role in addressing grand societal challenges. To do so, the paper examines the Basque Country region in Spain, which not only has implemented a long-term industrial policy over the last 40 years but has also demonstrated to be a resilient region during previous crises. Classification-JEL: O25, O38, R11, R58. Keywords: Regional resilience, Industrial policy, Policy-mixes, Grand societal challenges. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 101-122 Volume: 243 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=224&wpfd_file_id=5111&token=367e9ec3b414c2af52196c58a48143d6&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:243:i:4:p:101-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dominique Foray Author-Email: dominique.foray@epfl.ch Author-Workplace-Name: College of Management. Ecole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne Title: The Economics of Incomplete Plan -on Conditions, Procedures and Design of Future Mission- Oriented Innovation Policies Abstract: The buzzword in industrial policy and innovation policy circles is mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP) which means a policy to encourage innovation intended to accomplish a certain mission whether it be a societal challenge (climate change, global health) or an industrial policy issue (sectoral transition or modernisation, establishment of a new industry). This new category results from what seems a priori to be just a simple qualifying extension of mission-oriented policies (MOPs) very much in vogue in the 70 s and 80 s and used particularly in sectors like space and defence. However, this simple qualifying extension does in fact cause a significant discontinuity that merits reflection. While a mission imposes a discipline and centralised priorities and decisions, innovation on the other hand can t be planned. Innovation is so uncertain that no plan will ever enable it to be tamed. There is thus a tension between mission and innovation, between a planning logic and a freedom to experiment logic. This tension implies thus advancing our knowledge about MOIP design, which is the goal of this paper Classification-JEL: O25, O31, O38. Keywords: Mission-oriented innovation policy, Grand challenges, Business and social innovations, Economic discovery. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 123-146 Volume: 243 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=224&wpfd_file_id=5113&token=367e9ec3b414c2af52196c58a48143d6&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:243:i:4:p:123-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tahir Yousaf Author-Email: tahir2018@stu.scu.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang University Author-Name: Qurat ul Ain Author-Email: quratulain_ad36@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang University and COMSATS University Islamabad Author-Name: Yasmeen Akhtar Author-Email: yasmeenakhtar02@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Sargodha and COMSATS Universit Author-Name: Wasi Ul Hassan Shah Author-Email: wasi450@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang Shuren University Title: The Crowding in (out) Effect of Intergovernmental Transfers on Local Government Revenue Generation: Evidence from Pakistan. Abstract: Literature on the fiscal incentives highlight the importance of how the design of intergovernmental transfer system has momentous implication on the local government s behavior within devolved systems. The pragmatic results on the relationship between IGT and the incentive creation for the local government revenue generation are indecisive and differs across countries. Using a unique data set covering public finance and various socio economic data over the period 1990 to 2015 in Pakistan, thispaper contribute to fiscal federalism literature by evaluating the fiscal incentives of unconditional (general purpose) formula defined and conditional (specific purpose) ad hoc based transfers. After endogenity adjustments, our empirical results shows that unconditional formula based intergovernmental transfers/grants improve the mobilization of local government revenues while the conditional, ad hoc based transfers, deteriorate the mobilization of local revenue. However, in Pakistan large part of transfers are unconditional so the results suggest that transfers from the federal government complement local own source revenues generation by encouraging local governments in Pakistan to collect more revenues. Classification-JEL: H29, H71, H79, H30. Keywords: Fiscal capacity, Inter-governmental transfers, Local public finance, Devolution, Taxation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-28 Volume: 242 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=222&wpfd_file_id=5066&token=3859001152acb52ff0e8a041586d61bb&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:242:i:3:p:3-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Umar Farooq Author-Email: umerrana246@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Xi an Jiaotong University Author-Name: Suhaib Anagreh Author-Email: sanagreh@hct.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Higher Colleges of Technology Author-Name: Mohammad Ahmad Al-Omari Author-Email: mohammad.alomari@aau.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Al Ain University Author-Name: Mosab I. Tabash Author-Email: mosab.tabash@aau.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Al Ain University Title: Corporate Tax Rate, Financing Policy and Investment Decisions: Evidence from 8 Asian Economies. Abstract: This study intends to examine the heterogeneous impact of corporate tax rates on financing policy and investment decisions. It further quantifies how different financing options can alienate the adverse impacts of corporate taxation on industrial investment decisions. The empirical analysis is based on ten years of financial information relating to non-financial sector firms from eight Asian economies. For the regression analysis, we employ panel EGLS and the system GMM model. The statistical analysis of the study first reveals the negative and significant influence of corporate taxation on industrial investment. It also suggests the dynamic impact of different financing options on corporate investment decisions. The statistical analysis further documents the positive impact of corporate taxation on bank and trade credit financing as well as the negative effect on equity financing. In addition to linear analysis, the findings of study corroborate the existence of the moderating expression of financing options on corporate tax rates and the industrial investment relationship. Based on empirical analysis, it can be suggested that corporate managers should acquire more funding, specifically debt financing, to maintain investment volume during a period of high corporate tax rates. This study substantiates the co-association among three strategically linked decisions and suggests the significance of debt financing for mitigating the adverse impacts of taxation on corporate investment. Classification-JEL: G31, G32, H25. Keywords: Asian economies, Corporate tax rates, Financing policy, Investment decisions, GMM estimator. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-51 Volume: 242 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=222&wpfd_file_id=5069&token=3859001152acb52ff0e8a041586d61bb&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:242:i:3:p:29-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA e Instituto de An lisis Econ mico (CSIC) Title: Sobre el Sistema de Financiaci n Foral vasco y navarro: notas para un debate necesario Abstract: En este trabajo se analizan cr ticamente algunos aspectos del dise o y funcionamiento del sistema de financiaci n foral, con especial atenci n al c lculo del cupo vasco y la aportaci n navarra y a los ajustes a consumo de los impuestos indirectos, y se avanzan algunas propuestas para resolver los problemas detectados y aumentar la transparencia del sistema. El estudio muestra que algunas variables importantes para estos c lculos se definen de una forma t cnicamente mejorable y/o no se miden correctamente en la pr ctica, lo que sesga sus resultados, generalmente a la baja. Classification-JEL: H77 Keywords: concierto vasco, convenio navarro, cupo, aportaci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 53-90 Volume: 22 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=222&wpfd_file_id=5071&token=3859001152acb52ff0e8a041586d61bb&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:242:i:3:p:53-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luciano Fanti Author-Email: lfanti@ec.unipi.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pisa Author-Name: Domenico Buccella Author-Email: buccella@kozminski.edu.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Kozminski University Title: Indirect Taxation, Tax Evasion and Profts. Abstract: In a duopoly with differentiated products under price competition, this paper analyses the frms tax compliance behaviour in the presence of tax evasion to challenge the conventional wisdom that indirect taxes penalise profts. In contrast to the preceding literature, it is shown that indirect taxes can increase frms profts. The appearance of this unconventional fnding is more likely when there exists a sufficient competitive pressure in the industry and the effort for detecting evasion is not too strong Classification-JEL: H25, H26, H32 Keywords: Tax compliance, Sales tax, Tax evasion, Proft, Bertrand competition. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 91-109 Volume: 242 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=222&wpfd_file_id=5073&token=3859001152acb52ff0e8a041586d61bb&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:242:i:3:p:91-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez-Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Jos Luis Pinto Prades Author-Email: jlpinto@unav.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Navarra Title: QALY Maximization and the Social Optimum Abstract: The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) approach as a paradigmatic measure of health outcomes is widely used in the economic evaluation of health policies and is even trying to be emulated in other public policy areas. The objective of this paper is to structure the arguments underlying the use of QALYs in cost-effectiveness analyses, which condition its applicability. To this effect, the paper intervenes in the unreasonable use of the approach in terms of its limitations when prioritizing health services. In short, the authors are generally in favor of the instrument but do not have blanket enthusiasm in support of it. Classification-JEL: H51, I31, I18, K23, I14 Keywords: QALY, Cost effectiveness, Thresholds, Economic evaluation, Pharmaeconomics. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 111-127 Volume: 242 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=222&wpfd_file_id=5075&token=3859001152acb52ff0e8a041586d61bb&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:242:i:3:p:111-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Insook Lee Author-Email: islee@bnu.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Bay Area International Business School, Beijing Normal University Title: Does Political Polarization Lead to a Rise in Government Debt? Abstract: Existing politico-economic theories offer two mutually conflicting predictions on whether an increase in the degree of political polarization entails a rise or a decline in government debt. This article estimates the effect of political polarization on government debt, utilizing panel data of the OECD countries from 1962 to 2015. The empirical analysis finds that an increase in the degree of political polarization leads to an increase in government debt, which provides supportive evidence for Alesina and Tabellini (1990) and the like. This finding remains the same across different estimation models, without and with instrumenting the explanatory variable of political polarization. Classification-JEL: H63, E62, D78. Keywords: Political polarization, Government debt, Governmet spending. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-25 Volume: 241 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=219&wpfd_file_id=5018&token=6b4ad5569533e1254b6a875ed757787c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:241:i:2:p:3-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ainhoa Herrarte Author-Email: ainhoa.herrarte@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Author-Name: Paloma Urcelay Author-Email: paloma.urcelay@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: The Wage Penalty for Motherhood in Spain (2009-2017): The Role of the Male Partner s Job Characteristic Abstract: Exploiting microdata from the Living Conditions Survey, and applying the coarsened exact matching algorithm to select a treatment and a control group of comparable women, we analyse the motherhood wage penalty in Spain from 2009 to 2017, with special attention to the effect of the male partner s job characteristics. We find that mothers of children 0-3 years old suffered a penalty in their hourly wages of around 4.2%, which significantly increased when their partner was self-employed. Moreover, we only detect a wage penalty for high-educated women and for those who work in medium and large firms. Classification-JEL: J71, J13, J31, J78 Keywords: Motherhood wage penalty, Motherhood wage gap, Work-family balance policies, Gender equality, Motherhood protection. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 27-57 Volume: 241 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=219&wpfd_file_id=5020&token=6b4ad5569533e1254b6a875ed757787c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:241:i:2:p:27-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jongmin Shon Author-Email: jmshon@ssu.ac.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Soongsil University Title: Does Competition Tame the Leviathan? A Case of Earmarked Spending for Transportation Abstract: Extant studies have explored the Leviathan hypothesis whether competition across governments enhances efficiency. This study empirically estimates the Leviathan hypothesis in the context of earmarked spending on transportation and competition in California. This study first obtains an efficiency score for empirical procedures employing the Malmquist productivity index and further the Tobit regression model to examine the Leviathan hypothesis. The findings provide evidence that competition of local (option) sales tax improves efficiency in transportation spending. The findings verify that efficiency becomes lower in a county that levies local (option) sales tax earmarked for transportation because transportation spending increases. Classification-JEL: H70, H72, H87 Keywords: Leviathan hypothesis, Efficiency of earmarked spending, Local (option) sales tax. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 59-78 Volume: 241 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=219&wpfd_file_id=5022&token=2e4d51f5ecdaaf38512984b41d27a2fb&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:241:i:2:p:59-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ceyhun Elgin Author-Email: ceyhun.elgin@boun.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Bogazici University Author-Name: Orhan Torul Author-Email: orhan.torul@boun.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Bogazici University Author-Name: Tugce Turk Author-Email: tturk@uchicago.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chicago Title: Marginal Cost of Public Funds under the Presence of Informality Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the behavior of the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) for different taxes under the presence of informality. We build a dynamic general equilibrium model with formal and informal sectors and allow the government to use consumption, capital, and labor income taxes to raise revenue. Using country-level data on taxes, we calibrate and measure MCF for a cross-section of economies. Our results show that different taxes have distinct cost responses to changes in the informal sector size in each country: while MCF of the consumption tax decreases with the increase in the informal sector size, the MCF of the income taxes, capital and labor, display an opposite behavior. Moreover, omitting the informal sector results in an underestimation in the MCF of capital income tax and overestimation in that of the consumption tax Classification-JEL: E26, H26. Keywords: Informal economy, Taxation, Marginal cost of the public funds, Dynamic general equilibrium model Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 79-103 Volume: 241 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=219&wpfd_file_id=5024&token=6b4ad5569533e1254b6a875ed757787c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:241:i:2:p:79-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Mart nez L pez Author-Email: dmarlop1@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Author-Name: Fernando Gonz lez Gonz lez Author-Email: nandogo@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: T cnico Comercial y Economista del Estado Title: Los objetivos de d ficit en las Comunidades Aut nomas: una propuesta basada en la deuda Abstract: La ausencia de un proceso coherente y transparente en la definici n de objetivos fiscales es una debilidad end mica de nuestro marco de gobernanza fiscal. Este art culo presenta una propuesta para el establecimiento de los objetivos de d ficit y deuda p blica de las CCAA espa olas. Partiendo de un esquema ya utilizado en la gobernanza fiscal europea, se vincula el saldo presupuestario de las haciendas auton micas al esfuerzo necesario para reducir el nivel de deuda p blica hasta un valor normativo de referencia. Se ofrecen en este sentido varias simulaciones num ricas para distintas parametrizaciones de este valor de referencia de la deuda p blica y de la velocidad de aproximaci n al mismo. Tambi n se propone un mecanismo de penalizaci n que considera el momento del ciclo econ mico y el esfuerzo estructural realizado. La situaci n de la Comunidad Valenciana, altamente endeudada y con una financiaci n por habitante ajustado por debajo de la media, tambi n es abordada a modo de ejemplo. Classification-JEL: H70, H74 Keywords: d ficit p blico, deuda p blica, objetivos fiscales, Comunidades Aut nomas Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 105-141 Volume: 241 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=219&wpfd_file_id=5026&token=6b4ad5569533e1254b6a875ed757787c&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:241:i:2:p:105-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sunjoo Kwak Author-Email: skwak@hufs.ac.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Author-Name: Jongmin Shon Author-Email: jmshon@ssu.ac.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Soongsil University Title: Tax Salience and Cyclical Asymmetry in Tax Rate Adjustments: Testing the Indirect Tax Hypothesis Abstract: In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that politicians prefer using direct taxes with relatively high salience for tax cuts during booms, while they prefer using indirect taxes with relatively low salience for tax increases during recessions. Using a panel data set of U.S. states from 1992 to 2014, we analyzed how cyclical fluctuations in resource availability affect the statutory rates of five major state taxes: general sales tax, personal income tax, corporate income tax, and two excise taxes (gasoline and cigarette taxes). Our results suggest that cyclical improvements in resource availability during booms lead to reductions in personal income tax rates, whereas cyclical deteriorations in resource availability during recessions result in increases in general sales tax rates. Classification-JEL: H20, P16 Keywords: Tax salience, Tax rate adjustments, Cyclical asymmetry, State tax policy, Political economy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-29 Volume: 240 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=218&wpfd_file_id=4968&token=5b91f65135d8a4c130ec0338246686ff&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:240:i:1:p:3-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayode Taiwo Author-Email: kayode.taiwo@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade do Minho, Portugal and Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria Title: Intergovernmental Transfers and Own Revenues of Subnational Governments in Nigeria Abstract: The paper explores the effect of intergovernmental transfers on the own revenues of subnational governments in Nigeria. This study employs the instrumental variables (IV) model to establish the impact of annual variation in intergovernmental transfers on the own revenues of subnational governments. The study reveals that states depend mainly on transfers from the federal government to run their operations; and transfers to second-level administrative units, states in Nigeria crowd out own revenues. A 1 percent rise in transfers leads to about 0.65 percent reduction in own revenues per capita. Also, the drive for own revenues goes down in the election year. Classification-JEL: H29, H71, H77 Keywords: Federalism, Intergovernmental transfer, Revenue, Subnational government, Instrumental variables Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 31-59 Volume: 240 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=218&wpfd_file_id=4970&token=5b91f65135d8a4c130ec0338246686ff&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:240:i:1:p:31-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Cantarero Author-Email: david.cantarero@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Cantabria Author-Name: Marta Pascual Author-Email: marta.pascual@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Cantabria Author-Name: Beatriz Rodr guez-S nchez Author-Email: brodriguezsanchez@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Differences in the Use of Formal and Informal Care Services among Older Adults after the Implementation of the Dependency Act in Spain Abstract: Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the aim of this study is to infer the impact that the Spanish System for Personal Autonomy and Dependency might have on formal and informal care use through the performance of logit random-effects regression models by applying a differences-in-differences approach. Dependency levels were created depending on the limitations on the performance of instrumental and basic activities of daily living. Formal care consisted on home help and nursing home care, whereas informal care referred to the reception of care by relatives or friends, from inside or outside the household. Additional covariates, such as socioeconomic characteristics and health status variables, were included. Our results show that the negative dependency effects on informal care reception are intensified after the implementation of the Dependency Act, as the interaction between being a moderate dependent and wave 4 (year 2010) is significant and positive. In case of formal care, the joint assessment of the implementation of the DA and the different dependency levels did not report a significant effect, although they were significantly associated with formal care use independently. Bearing in mind the demographic ageing, our results highlight the need for the efficient planification of long-term care systems and social support services, especially for informal caregivers, in order to satisfy the care demands and reduce the caregiving burden. Classification-JEL: I14, 138, J14 Keywords: Dependency, Long-term care, Formal care, Informal care, Spain Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 61-93 Volume: 240 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=218&wpfd_file_id=4972&token=5b91f65135d8a4c130ec0338246686ff&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:240:i:1:p:61-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lidia Ceriani Author-Email: lidia.ceriani@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Georgetown University Author-Name: Simona Scabrosetti Author-Email: simona.scabrosetti@unipv.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pavia and Universit Bocconi Author-Name: Francesco Scervini Author-Email: francesco.scervini@unipv.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pavia Title: Inequality, Privatization and Democratic Institutions in Developing Countries Abstract: Privatization of state-owned enterprises in low- and middle-income countries is regarded as an indispensable first step for the consolidation of national accounts, the development of financial markets, and the improvement of firms efficiency. However, privatizations may also have a relevant distributional impact, particularly in developing countries, where proceedings from privatization may be a sizable resource for redistribution. This article is a first attempt to investigate the relationship between privatization and income inequality, focusing on the role of democratic institutions. We find that an increase in privatization proceeds is correlated with a reduction in income inequality in countries where representative political institutions are mature. Classification-JEL: D30, O15, P5. Keywords: Inequality, Democracy, Privatization, Developing countries, State-Owned Enterprises Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 95-124 Volume: 240 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=218&wpfd_file_id=4974&token=5b91f65135d8a4c130ec0338246686ff&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:240:i:1:p:95-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Cordero Author-Email: jmcordero@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Francisco Pedraja Author-Email: pedraja@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: F tima Galindo Author-Email: fatimagalin@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: La necesaria reforma del sistema de transferencias a los municipios: elementos clave y simulaci n de resultados Abstract: En el Informe de la Comisi n de Expertos para la revisi n del sistema de financiaci n local (2017) se propone sustituir el sistema dual actual de cesi n y variables por uno nico de nivelaci n para los municipios espa oles de r gimen com n. El objetivo del presente trabajo es discutir la idoneidad de la propuesta frente a otras alternativas menos exigentes basadas en f rmulas de transferencias de tipo distributivo y llevar a cabo una estimaci n del coste de cada una de esas alternativas y sus efectos distributivos entre municipios seg n su tama o y el tipo de sistema, cesi n o variables, al que pertenezcan. Classification-JEL: H70, H77. Keywords: municipios, financiaci n local, transferencias, simulaci n Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 125-149 Volume: 240 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=218&wpfd_file_id=4976&token=5b91f65135d8a4c130ec0338246686ff&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:240:i:1:p:125-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Calvo Author-Email: santiagocalvo.lopez@usc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Author-Name: Mar a Cadaval Author-Email: maria.cadaval@usc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Title: The Impact of Soft Budget Constraint on the Fiscal Co-responsibility of the Autonomous Communities in Spain: The Case of Extraordinary Liquidity Funds (2012-2019 Abstract: According to the Second Generation of Theories of Fiscal Federalism, if subcentral governments can increase the level of spending without taking responsibility for the cost due to the existence of a soft budget constraint, incentives are created for financially irresponsible behavior. Since 2012, the central government in Spain has created various funds with the aim of improving the liquidity of the Autonomous Communities, but their design has meant that the latter can obtain resources at little cost. This paper tests the hypothesis under which the regions that have received more extraordinary liquidity funds have had a less prudent fiscal behavior, finding no evidence of it. The level of unemployment, the financial insufficiency and the electoral cycle of the budget are the determining factor in explaining greater non-compliance with deficit and debt targets and higher deficit and debt growth rates. Classification-JEL: H63, H74, H77 Keywords: Soft budget constraint, Regional financing, Autonomous Communities, Extraordinary liquidity funds Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 151-190 Volume: 240 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=218&wpfd_file_id=4978&token=5b91f65135d8a4c130ec0338246686ff&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2022:v:240:i:1:p:151-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amakoe D. Alognon Author-Email: aalognon2@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Author-Name: Antonios M. Koumpias Author-Email: koumpias@umich.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Michigan-Dearborn Author-Name: Jorge Mart nez-V zquez Author-Email: jorgemartinez@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Title: The Impact of Plastic Money Use on VAT Compliance: Evidence from EU Countries Abstract: This paper examines the impact of credit and debit card usage on VAT compliance using annual national level data for 26 European Union countries from 2000 to 2016. Exploiting spatiotemporal variation in plastic money use along with an instrumental variables approach, we find that a 1% increase in card payments reduces VAT gaps 0.51 percentage points whereas a 1% increase in cash withdrawals increases VAT gaps by 0.6 percentage points. Our contribution lies in using more adequate measures of VAT compliance gap and in accounting for potential confounders such as the ex-ante enforcement capacity of tax administrations. Classification-JEL: H26, K42 Keywords: Tax compliance, Credit and debit card use, Plastic money, VAT gap, Tax administration Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 5-26 Volume: 239 Issue: 4 Year: 2021 Month: November File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=213&wpfd_file_id=4900&token=0e0c8cbbd546e97c64f7fc04b3e6f0f5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:239:i:4:p:5-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierce O Reilly Author-Email: pierce.oreilly@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: OECD, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Author-Name: Kevin Parra Ram rez Author-Email: kevin.parraramirez@banque-france.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Banque de France Author-Name: Michael A. Stemmer Author-Email: michael.stemmer@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: OECD, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Title: Exchange of Information and Bank Deposits in International Financial Centres Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of exchange of information on foreign-owned bank deposits in international financial centres (IFCs). IFC deposits declined globally by 24% or USD 410 billion during 2008 to 2019. The commencement of automatic exchange of information is associated on average with a 22% reduction in IFC bank deposits held by non-IFC jurisdictions. Increasing multilateral expansion of exchange of information on request seems to diminish marginal gains of new bilateral treaties. IFC jurisdictions specialising in banking activities have been mostly affected by increasing tax transparency. A comprehensive multilateral approach is thus fundamental for successfully increasing international tax transparency. Classification-JEL: H26, F38, G21 Keywords: Cross-border bank deposits, Exchange of information, Offshore finance, Tax evasion Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 27-69 Volume: 239 Issue: 4 Year: 2021 Month: November File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=213&wpfd_file_id=4903&token=0e0c8cbbd546e97c64f7fc04b3e6f0f5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:239:i:4:p:27-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicente R os Author-Email: vincentisgosu@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan Author-Name: Antonio G mez Author-Email: agomezgp@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: INARBE and Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Pedro Pascual Author-Email: ppascual@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: INARBE and Universidad P blica de Navarra Title: Raising the Accuracy of Shadow Economy Measurements Abstract: This article estimates the size of the shadow economy in a Spanish region (Navarre) for the period 1986- 2016. To this end, we employ indirect macro-econometric methods such as the Currency Demand approach, Electricity Consumption (Physical Input) methods and the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) approach. A differential feature of our empirical analysis is that we incorporate various methodological innovations (e..g. Bayesian Model Averaging, a Time-Varying Parameter model, normalization of the latent variable) to refine and increase the measurement accuracy of each of the indirect methods considered. The temporal pattern of the shadow economy s size that emerges from the different approaches is similar, which suggests that the estimates obtained are robust and capture the underlying dynamics of the hidden sector. After quantifying the shadow economy, we analyze its determinants by means of Bayesian Model Averaging techniques. We find that the evolution of the shadow economy in Navarre can be explained by a small and robust set of factors, specifically the tax burden, the share of employment in the construction sector, the inflation rate, euro area membership and the ratio of currency outside the banks to M1. Classification-JEL: E26, H26, O17. Keywords: Shadow economy, Currency demand, Electricity consumption, MIMIC, Bayesian model averaging Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 71-125 Volume: 239 Issue: 4 Year: 2021 Month: November File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=213&wpfd_file_id=4906&token=0e0c8cbbd546e97c64f7fc04b3e6f0f5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:239:i:4:p:71-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camino Gonz lez Vasco Author-Email: camino.gonzalez@ief.hacienda.gob.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Mar a Jes s Delgado Rodr guez Author-Email: mariajesus.delgado@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Sonia de Lucas Santos Author-Email: sonia.delucas@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Title: Segmentation of Potential Fraud Taxpayers and Characterization in Personal Income Tax Using Data Mining Techniques Abstract: This paper proposes an analytical framework that combines dimension reduction and data mining techniques to obtain a sample segmentation according to potential fraud probability. In this regard, the purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to determine tax benefits that are more likely to be used by potential fraud taxpayers by means of investigating the Personal Income Tax structure. Secondly, it aims at characterizing through socioeconomic variables the segment profiles of potential fraud taxpayer to offer an audit selection strategy for improving tax compliance and improve tax design. An application to the annual Spanish Personal Income Tax sample designed by the Institute for Fiscal Studies is provided. Results obtained confirm that the combination of data mining techniques proposed offers valuable information to contribute to the study of tax fraud. Classification-JEL: H24, C55, C38. Keywords: Personal income tax, Tax compliance, Data mining techniques, Multilayer perceptron, Decision trees, Fiscal fraud detection, Tax evaluation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 127-157 Volume: 239 Issue: 4 Year: 2021 Month: November File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=213&wpfd_file_id=4908&token=0e0c8cbbd546e97c64f7fc04b3e6f0f5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:239:i:4:p:127-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ignacio Gonz lez Garc a Author-Email: igmigonzalezgarcia@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid Author-Name: Alfonso Mateos Author-Email: amateos@fl.upm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid Title: Use of Social Network Analysis for Tax Control in Spain Abstract: The Spanish Tax Agency is an experienced user of big data and has now deployed social network analysis (SNA) tools. SNA tools have led to a qualitative leap in such wide-ranging areas as tax collection, enforcement, control of ultra-high-net-worth individuals, and money laundering. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the different lines of research, strategies and results of nine projects over the last five years, including the lessons learned. We present the best practices in pattern discovery, the tools developed for the control of big fortunes and the strategy developed to create a bridge between expert knowledge and SNA technologies. We highlight the results of investigating interposed entities used to channel personal remuneration, complex corporate structures, and opaque companies Classification-JEL: D85, H26, D31, E21 Keywords: Enforcement, Net worth, SNA, Social networks, Pregel, Fraud Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 159-197 Volume: 239 Issue: 4 Year: 2021 Month: November File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=213&wpfd_file_id=4917&token=15b802d153133eeaa32301c7438473af&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:239:i:4:p:159-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Merve Kurt Author-Email: infomrvkrt@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Author-Name: Erdal Gumus Author-Email: egumus25@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Title: Returns on Investment in Education: Evidence from Turkey by Education Level and by Higher Education Program Abstract: This paper estimates private and social returns on investment in education in Turkey, by level of education and by higher education program, using the 2008-2016 Household Labor Force Survey and Income and Living Conditions Survey panel datasets. The paper uses panel econometrics with the Hausman-Tay lor and instrumental variable methods dealing with the endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity problems. The private returns on investment in higher education tend to be higher as compared to the private returns on investment in non-tertiary education. The results indicate that the private returns on investment from various higher education programs are signifcantly different across various higher ed ucation programs. Based on the empirical fndings, a number of policy recommendations are developed. Classification-JEL: I21, I26, C33 Keywords: Returns on education, Investment in education, Human capital, Social return on higher education Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-28 Volume: 238 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=212&wpfd_file_id=4824&token=0560507b3567210271158c2aa8a153e5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:238:i:3:p:3-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Cant Author-Email: olga.canto@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal and EQUALITAS Author-Name: Carmelo Garc a-P rez Author-Email: carmelo.garcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Marina Romaguera de la Cruz Author-Email: mromaguera@nebrija.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Antonio de Nebrija and EQUALITAS Title: Multidimensional Measures of Economic Insecurity in Spain: The Role of Aggregation and Weighting Methods Abstract: Economic insecurity is a relevant dimension of well-being. The limited availability of subjective expectations surveys makes multidimensional insecurity indices based on living conditions surveys a valuable alternative. We study differences in synthetic indicators of insecurity for Spain using different methods to aggregate and weigh dimensions. We show that its evolution and distribution is robust to the aggregation procedure, even though levels do differ. All procedures present strengths and weaknesses but the counting approach has a direct economic interpretation and can better capture insecurity in the middle classes. Other aggregation methods are less transparent and give more relevance to extreme situations. Classification-JEL: D69, I39 Keywords: Economic insecurity, Objective and subjective measures, Polyserial correlations, Counting approach, EU-SILC. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-60 Volume: 238 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=212&wpfd_file_id=4826&token=0560507b3567210271158c2aa8a153e5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:238:i:3:p:29-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakki Hakan Yilmaz Author-Email: hakkihakanyilmaz@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara University Author-Name: Ali Serta Kanaci Author-Email: sertac.kanaci@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara University Title: Redistribution, Growth and Productivity Relationship in Fiscal Policy in Core and Peripheral Countries Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of fscal policies on growth and productivity by dynamic panel data analysis in core and periphery countries. The results of the analysis differed for the core and periphery countries, it was observed that the effect of public expenditures and revenues had a different impact on growth and productivity. Study found that public expenditure and revenues had negative relations on growth performance for both groups. It is considered that government budget policies should be improved on the basis of a more responsive and inclusive way. Regarding to the labor productivity, increasing government expenditures promotes labor productivity in core countries, while it does not in the periphery countries. The impact of inequality on growth and productivity is not found statistically signifcant in two country groups. Main conclusion is that fscal policy plays a more active role in the growth and productivity. Classification-JEL: D31, E62, H23, H30, O15 Keywords: Income distribution, Fiscal policy, Growth, Productivity Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 61-79 Volume: 238 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=212&wpfd_file_id=4828&token=0560507b3567210271158c2aa8a153e5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:238:i:3:p:61-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wei Kong Author-Email: 393745164@qq.com Author-Workplace-Name: Xi'an University of Technology Author-Name: Wenxiu Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Xi'an University of Technology Author-Name: Kaicheng Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Tongji University Author-Name: Xiaoqiang Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Northwestern University Title: Local Financing Platform Loan and Performance of City Commercial Banks: Evidence from City Commercial Banks in China Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between optimum local financing platform loan and the perfor mance of CCBs using data of 68 CCBs during 2010 to 2018. Our results derived from panel threshold regression model show a positive and significant impact of local financing platform loan on the perfor mance of CCBs before the upper estimated thresholds. Once the local financing platform loan moves above the upper threshold level, then its impact becomes negative. Further, the same relationship is conducted in sub-samples of eastern, central and western regions. Our findings suggest the policymak ers that maintains ideal local financing platform loan is effective to encourage the performance of CCBs. Classification-JEL: G21, H21 Keywords: Local financing platforms, Loan, Performance, CCBs Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 81-99 Volume: 238 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=212&wpfd_file_id=4830&token=0560507b3567210271158c2aa8a153e5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:238:i:3:p:81-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alberto Gago Author-Email: agago@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Rede. Universiad de Vigo Author-Name: Xavier Labandeira Author-Email: xavier@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Rede. Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Jos M. Labeaga Author-Email: jlabeaga@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: UNED Author-Name: Xiral L pez Otero Author-Email: xiral@outlook.es Author-Workplace-Name: UNED Title: Transport Taxes and Decarbonization in Spain: Distributional Impacts and Compensation Abstract: The importance of energy-environmental taxation in the transition to decarbonized economies does not correspond to its actual role due to several constraints on its application. This paper emphasizes one of the main barriers, the negative impacts on distribution and equity, and suggests alternatives to mitigate these effects. In particular, it lists a series of fiscal proposals for road transport and aviation, sources of significant emissions, defined and empirically evaluated for the specific case of Spain, with compensatory packages to reduce their regressive nature and thus support their viability in practice. Classification-JEL: H23, H31, I38, Q48, Q58, R48 Keywords: Energy, Environment, Distribution, Aviation, Hydrocarbons Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 101-136 Volume: 238 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=212&wpfd_file_id=4832&token=0560507b3567210271158c2aa8a153e5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:238:i:3:p:101-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Massimo Baldini Author-Email: massimo.baldini@unimore.it Author-Workplace-Name: Universit di Modena e Reggio Emilia Author-Name: Leonzio Rizzo Author-Email: leonzio.rizzo@unife.it Author-Workplace-Name: Universit di Ferrara and IEB Title: Flat Tax: European Experiences and the Italian Proposals Abstract: The paper discusses the flat tax, intended as a potential comprehensive reform of personal income tax. After a presentation of the broad characteristics of the flat tax model, we extensively describe the ap plications of this model that have taken place so far in some countries and its impact on financial and economic indicators. The last part of the paper focuses on the Italian case, assessing the possible dis-tributional effects of the application on Italian households incomes of some recently presented flat tax reform proposals. Classification-JEL: H2, H22, H24. Keywords: Flat rate tax, Distributive effect, Tax allowance, Microsimulation, Italy Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 137-162 Volume: 238 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=212&wpfd_file_id=4834&token=0560507b3567210271158c2aa8a153e5&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:238:i:3:p:137-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra Author-Email: lmelobec@banrep.gov.co Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de la Rep blica, Bogot , Colombia Author-Name: Javier vila Mahecha Author-Email: javilam@dian.gov.co Author-Workplace-Name: Direcci n de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales, Bogot , Colombia Author-Name: Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero Author-Email: jramosfo@banrep.gov.co Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de la Rep blica, Bogot , Colombia Title: Corporate Taxation and Investment: Evidence from a Context of Frequent Tax Reforms Abstract: The paper assesses the role of taxes on investment in Colombian firms. The research takes advantage of the Colombian context of frequent tax reforms, at least one reform every three years, during the period 2005-2014, and a unique panel data set from financial statements and corporation tax returns at the firm level. The effect of corporate taxation on investment is estimated by first determining the impact of taxation on the user cost of capital by computing the marginal effective tax rates at the firm level. Then, we estimate the impact of the cost of capital on investment. Estimations indicate that the corporate income tax elasticity of investment is on average 0.2 for the analyzed period, which is in the lower range when compared to other studies for developed countries Classification-JEL: H32, H25, C23, D22 Keywords: Corporate Taxation, Marginal Effective Tax Rates, Investment, Tax Reforms Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-31 Volume: 237 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=210&wpfd_file_id=4780&token=f8fc5bc65e79e7597c4e91eff1bdf046&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:237:i:2:p:3-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia Moreno-Menc a Author-Email: patricia.moreno@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: International University of La Rioja. Group of Health Economics and Health Services Management.UC - IDIVAL Author-Name: Juan M. Rodr guez-Poo Author-Email: juan.rodriguez@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cantabria Author-Name: David Cantarero-Prieto Author-Email: david.cantarero@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Group of Health Economics and Health Services Management. University of Cantabria - IDIVAL Title: A Multi-step Process Approach for Estimating Public Sector Wages. The Spanish Expe rience Abstract: We propose a semiparametric model including problems of sample selection and endogeneity. Concretely, we focus on studying the effect of tenure in public sector wages. Here we face two problems: Public wages are only observed for public employees and the tenure is endogenous. The chosen method allows the introduction of a nonparametric control function and relaxing usual strong assumptions. This approach is applied to a wage model for the Spanish Public Sector, using the wage structure survey of 2016. Classification-JEL: C31, C41, C50, J30, H00 Keywords: Control function estimators, Sample selection, Semilinear model, Spanish wage structure survey Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 33-56 Volume: 237 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=210&wpfd_file_id=4783&token=f8fc5bc65e79e7597c4e91eff1bdf046&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:237:i:2:p:33-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arturo Meli n-Gonz lez Author-Email: arturo.melian@ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: The Expenditure Rule in the Spanish Organic Law on Budgetary Stability and Financial Sustainability and its Impact on the Autonomous Communities Abstract: Spanish Autonomous Communities cannot incur a structural deficit, and their debt levels must not exceed the limit set out in the organic law on budgetary stability. This law also includes an expenditure rule that limits their non-financial expenditure. In the last few years, significant differences have been found between the constraints imposed on these regional governments through the budget balance rule and the expenditure rule, which could hinder the internal consistency of the fiscal framework. The present work identifies the reasons for such differences, and examines them for the regional subsector as a whole and for each autonomous community Classification-JEL: H62, H68, H72. Keywords: Budgetary stability, Fiscal rules, Expenditure rule, Autonomous Communities Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-84 Volume: 237 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=210&wpfd_file_id=4786&token=f8fc5bc65e79e7597c4e91eff1bdf046&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:237:i:2:p:57-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Alves Author-Email: jose.borges.alves@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ISEG-School of Economics and Management, Universidade de Lisboa Title: The Sinful Side of Taxation: Is it Possible to Satisfy the Government Hunger for Revenues While Promoting Economic Growth? Abstract: This study evaluates both linear and non-linear relationships between individual taxes revenues and real per capita growth. The analysis is carried out for all the OECD countries over the period 1980-2015, using panel data techniques to assess the short and long run effects of taxation on economic growth. With the exception of taxes on individual income, we fnd evidences of non-linear relationships between other sources of taxation and economic growth, which consequently supports the existence of the optimisation in GDP terms of threshold values between economic growth and tax components revenues. In summary, the results provide a certain degree of support regarding the application of a policy focused on raising certain taxes, expressed as a percentage of GDP, without harming economic growth Classification-JEL: E62, H21, O47 Keywords: Economic growth, Tax systems, Fiscal policy, Optimal taxation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 85-109 Volume: 237 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=210&wpfd_file_id=4789&token=f8fc5bc65e79e7597c4e91eff1bdf046&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:237:i:2:p:85-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tristan Canare Author-Email: tristan.canare@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ateneo de Manila University Title: Decentralization and Development Outcomes: What Does the Empirical Literature Really Say? Abstract: This article critically reviews the empirical literature on decentralization and its relationship with development outcomes. The analysis suggests that revenue decentralization and fscal independence, or the ability of local governments to raise their own revenue rather than relying on transfers from the national government, are the decentralization types most positively associated with development outcomes. Expenditure decentralization has no clear trend. In terms of development outcomes, most of the studies reviewed found evidence that good governance is positively associated with decentralization; but the evidence is mixed on economic growth. Some suggestions were also made for future decentralization studies Classification-JEL: H70, H77, I30 Keywords: Decentralization, Development, Literature Survey Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 111-151 Volume: 237 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=210&wpfd_file_id=4791&token=f8fc5bc65e79e7597c4e91eff1bdf046&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:237:i:2:p:111-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leopoldo Cabrera Author-Email: lcabre@ull.edu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna, CEDESOG and ISTUR Author-Name: Gustavo A. Marrero Author-Email: gmarrero@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna, EQUALITAS and CEDESOG Author-Name: Juan Gabriel Rodr guez Author-Email: juangabr@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ICAE, EQUALITAS and CEDESOG Author-Name: Pedro Salas-Rojo Author-Email: pedsalas@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ICAE and EQUALITAS Title: Inequality of Opportunity in Spain: New Insights from New Data Abstract: Modern theories of social justice consider Inequality of Opportunity (IO), the part of overall inequality explained by individual circumstances (factors beyond the individual control, like socioeconomic background), as the truly concept of unfair inequality. In addition, recent empirical studies have found that IO harms growth. Then, given the big increase in income inequality in Spain during the last decade (now one of the highest levels in the EU), how large is IO in Spain? By using a novel database from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociol gicas (CIS) questionnaire on Social inequality and social mobility in Spain , we observe that the share of IO is 44% of overall inequality (Gini index). By circumstances, we find that about 90% of IO is due to parental education and occupation, the type of school attended, the gender of the household s head and the size of the household. In addition, it is found that a large share of IO is channeled through the occupation and, especially, the level of education of the individual. These findings are consistent with the low levels of relative mobility in education and occupation observed in the database for Spain (2017) Classification-JEL: D63, J62, I24 Keywords: Inequality of opportunity, Intergenerational mobility, Educational channel, Occupational channel, Spain Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 153-185 Volume: 237 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=210&wpfd_file_id=4793&token=f8fc5bc65e79e7597c4e91eff1bdf046&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:237:i:2:p:153-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukasz Pietak Author-Email: L.Pietak@poczta.fm Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences Title: Structural Funds and Convergence in Poland Abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether cohesion policy funds affected economic growth and resulted in a convergence process across NUTS 2 regions in Poland. The study examined a balanced panel of data from 16 Polish regions between 2004 and 2016 and applied different estimations procedures, in-cluding the fixed effects estimator as the main estimator and the GMM estimator. The empirical analysis revealed that cohesion policy funds had a positive impact on regional economic growth. How-ever, the influence of structural funds on convergence was shown to be weak in Poland. The results were robust to various estimation methods. Classification-JEL: C23, R11, R58 Keywords: Cohesion policy funds, regional convergence, Poland Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-37 Volume: 236 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=207&wpfd_file_id=4740&token=781c9cee6080ca63e82ed1a5149c2803&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:236:i:1:p:3-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Fresneda Author-Email: fresneda@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Seville Author-Name: Nuria Reguera Author-Email: nreguera@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Seville Author-Name: Fernando Casas Author-Email: fcasas@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Seville Title: De-agentification Process in Spanish Regional Governments Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to explore the effect that the de-agentification process implemented by the Spanish government has had on public expenditure since 2010. Specifically, we analyse the effect of the actions carried out on the number of public agencies. Our sample is composed of a set of data from 17 Spanish Regional Governments in the period 2003-2017. Based on panel data estimations, the findings show a significantly positive association between the number of public agencies and public expenditure. Therefore, these findings extend the debate about the potential benefits for government concerning the creation of public agencies. Classification-JEL: H5, H6, H7 Keywords: De-agentification, Public agencies, Public expenditure, Spanish Regional Governments Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 39-64 Volume: 236 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=207&wpfd_file_id=4742&token=781c9cee6080ca63e82ed1a5149c2803&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:236:i:1:p:39-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Zabalza Author-Email: azabalza@ercros.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valencia Title: The Provision of Public Services under Conditions of Financial Stress: Evidence from Spanish Autonomous Communities Abstract: The 2008 economic crisis had three consequences for Spanish regional governments: first, there was a substantial and sudden fall of their revenue, which they had no effective means to redress, while citizens demands for education, health and other services continued to increase as usual; second, their debt, which until then had been relatively small and stable, exploded to unknown levels; and third, there was a serious deterioration of the extent and quality of the set of public services provided by these governments. The first two consequences show up quite clearly in official statistics, while the third, on which arguably there is a high level of consensus among citizens, has not been systematically and formally documented. This article develops a simple model of public expenditure that explains these facts. It suggests that, under conditions of financial stress, it may be rational for regional governments to spend more than the resources they have, and thus to incur in debt finance, and at the same time to accept a deterioration of the extent and quality of the services provided to the public. More concretely, the model predicts that, if a meaningful measure of the gap between expenditure needs and revenue can be identified, then the optimal behaviour of governments is to absorb a part of this gap by borrowing and the rest by letting service provision to deteriorate. In a situation of financial stress, along with the traditional influence of revenue, demography plays a role of its own in the determination of governments behaviour. We test these hypotheses with a panel of data on expenditure, revenue and a series of indicators of expenditure need (essentially demographic indicators) of the fifteen common regime Spanish autonomous communities over the period that goes from 2007 to 2017. None of the predictions of the model is rejected by the data. Classification-JEL: H12, H63, H74, H77 Keywords: Demography, Expenditure needs, Public expenditure, Public revenue, Deficit, Debt, Regional governments, Financial stress Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 65-104 Volume: 236 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=207&wpfd_file_id=4744&token=781c9cee6080ca63e82ed1a5149c2803&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:236:i:1:p:65-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzana Balaban Author-Email: suzana.kolar@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Alfa BK University Author-Name: Dejan ivkov Author-Email: dejanzivkov@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Novi Sad School of Business Title: Validity of Wagner s Law in Transition Economies: A Multivariate Approach Abstract: We test the validity of Wagner s law in transition countries using non-stationary panel estimators. First, we test cointegration between government final consumption expenditure and GDP, then we introduce the money supply as an additional explanatory variable. Finally, the Panel DOLS is used in order to estimate the long run relationship between the variables. According to our results, the government expenditure is an endogenous factor of an increase in national income. However, in observed economies in transition, there is reduction of public activity with the progress of the economy even in the case when a money supply is added. Classification-JEL: C22, C23, E60, E62, H50, H53. Keywords: Wagner s Law, Government expenditure, Panel co-integration Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 105-131 Volume: 236 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=207&wpfd_file_id=4746&token=781c9cee6080ca63e82ed1a5149c2803&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:236:i:1:p:105-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Afonso Author-Email: aafonso@iseg.ulisboa.pt Author-Workplace-Name: ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Universidade de Lisboa; REM-Research in Economics and Mathematics UECE- Research Unit on Complexity and Economics Author-Name: H seyin Sen Author-Email: hsen@ybu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Author-Name: Ayse Kaya Author-Email: ayse.kaya@ikc.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Izmir K tip elebi University Title: Government Size, Unemployment and Inflation Nexus in Eight Large Emerging Market Economies Abstract: Using annual data for a panel of eight large emerging market economies from 1980 to 2015, we uncover the underlying linkages between government size, unemployment, and inflation by using the panel cointegration and causality frameworks. Overall, our empirical results show that there exists a unidirectional causality running from government size to both unemployment and inflation. The results also tell that the impact of government size on unemployment and inflation varies with how government size is defined or measured. In the case of the ratio of government consumption spending to GDP is chosen as the proxy measure of government size, the causality is one-way and runs from government size to both unemployment and inflation. In addition, indirect taxes are in a significant positive causal association with unemployment, while direct taxes are in a close connection with inflation in the full-country sample. Classification-JEL: H10, E60, E61, E63. Keywords: Government size, Unemployment, Inflation, Emerging market economies, Panel cointegration, Causality analysis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 133-170 Volume: 235 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=207&wpfd_file_id=4748&token=781c9cee6080ca63e82ed1a5149c2803&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:236:i:1:p:133-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas H. W. Ziesemer Author-Email: t.ziesemer@maastrichtuniversity.nl Author-Workplace-Name: Maastricht University and UNU-MERIT Title: The Effects of R&D Subsidies and Publicly Performed R&D on Business R&D: A Survey Abstract: This literature review shows that a majority of studies find complementarity between R&D subsidies and private R&D expenditures. A minority finds incomplete crowding out. Full crowding out is found only for small parts of the respective samples or small sub-sectors of the economies considered. Publicly performed R&D stimulates private R&D. The exceptions from these dominant results concern firm size, interaction of policy instruments, and effectiveness of parts of publicly performed R&D. Important suggestions for future research derived from the literature review are use of dynamic models with time lags and taking into account the effects of country and firm heterogeneity. Classification-JEL: H25, O38 Keywords: Research & Development, Business R&D, Subsidies, Public R&D. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 171-205 Volume: 236 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=207&wpfd_file_id=4750&token=781c9cee6080ca63e82ed1a5149c2803&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2021:v:236:i:1:p:171-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandra Casarico Author-Email: alessandra.casarico@unibocconi.it Author-Workplace-Name: Bocconi University, CESIfo and Dondena Author-Name: Paola Profeta Author-Email: paola.profeta@unibocconi.it Author-Workplace-Name: Bocconi University, CESIfo and Dondena Title: Introduction Special Issue On Gender Perspectives in Public Economics Abstract: Gender gaps are still wide. Data recently published by Eurostat (2020) testify that, despite progress, equality is yet to be reached. This holds both in the labour market and in politics, where progress has been much slower. According to the World Economic Forum (2020), the world as a whole has closed only 58% of the gender gap in economic participation and opportunities; the corresponding number for political empowerment is 25%. The staggering progress in female empowerment in the labour market is in stark contrast with women having caught up, and in most instances overtaken, men in educational attainment: in the EU-27, the share of women with tertiary education in the 30-34 age group is 45%; the share of men is 34%. Differences in the labour market perpetuate themselves also after retirement, when the share of women at risk of poverty surpasses that of men. According to the OECD (2019), the average old-age poverty rates for women and men in the OECD equal 15.7% and 10.3%, respectively. Lower earnings-related pension income and longer life expectancy are among the main drivers of higher poverty incidence among women than among men. This is not all: gaps in financial literacy between men and women make the latter more prone to low income risk, since they are less equipped to adequately provide for themselves during old age. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-10 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=204&wpfd_file_id=4680&token=3d84ee65fb44ad4a71fbf091cbb14205&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:3-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz Author-Email: nacho.conderuiz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Fedea and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Juan Jos Ganuza Author-Email: juanjo.ganuza@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona GSE Author-Name: Manuel Garc a Author-Email: manutzn@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Washington University in St Louis and Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Gender Gap and Multiple Choice Exams in Public Selection Processes Abstract: Multiple choice tests are commonly used by the public sector in their recruitment and selection procedures as well as in the regulation of entry for some professions (lawyers, physicians, etc.). Empirical and experimental literature has found evidence that females skip more questions on these tests undermining their performance. This bias could increase the gender gap in the public sector, and it can be an important caveat of the public recruitment policies for attracting talent. Using data of the Spanish MIR (M dico Interno Residente) national exam of 2019, we analyze if gender differences in behavior arise in high-stakes tests, in which the outcome of the test has long term impact on the test takers careers. We find that when a female prepares intensively and trains for the test, although she skips more questions than men, the effect is significantly smaller than in the previous literature. However, we still find small differences in the exam performance between men and female, and this gender gap in performance is greater for the best candidates. Classification-JEL: D81, H30, H83, I20, J16 Keywords: Multiple choice Test, Gender Gap, Competition, Tournaments. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-28 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/ief/204/235-4-2020-special-issue/4682/gender-gap-and-multiple-choice-exams-in-public-selection-processes-2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:11-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Isabel Moro-Egido Author-Email: aimoro@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Granada Title: Gender Differences in Skill Mismatches Abstract: Using the Cedefop European Skills and Jobs Survey (ESJS), we analyse, by gender, to what extent skill and qualification mismatches are related. Our findings show that past skill mismatch statuses are more relevant for current over-skilling in men while qualification mismatches matter more for women. We find that labour market characteristics affect men and women differently. Finally, we also find that country differences only remain for women when controlling for other characteristics. A better understanding of the relationship among mismatches seems crucial to improve the effectiveness of policy intervention in terms of education and the labour market. Classification-JEL: C25, J16, J24 Keywords: Skill mismatch, qualification mismatch, gender differences, multilevel regression Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-60 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/ief/204/235-4-2020-special-issue/4684/gender-differences-in-skill-mismatches-2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:29-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Cruz Merino-Llorente Author-Email: mariacruz.merino@uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Mar a Noelia Somarriba Arechavala Author-Email: marianoelia.somarriba@uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: European Part-time Workers Health and Well-being in Times of Crisis. The Case of Female Part-timers Abstract: The economic crisis, which started in late 2007, had a major impact on countries labour markets, and triggered a rise in the number of non-standard contracts. Most European Union (EU) countries witnessed a significant increase in part-time jobs. This type of employment and its working conditions may have a negative impact on the health and well-being of workers, especially women. The aims of this paper are: 1) to determine whether there are differences in levels of part-time workers health and well-being by gender for the EU as a whole as well as for each European country individually, and 2) to ascertain which determinants impact female part-time workers health and well-being. A Synthetic Health and Well-being Indicator (SHWI) was designed using the measure of P2 distance approach as a methodological tool. In order to explore the determinants for female part-timers, linear regressions were used adopting a multilevel analysis based on data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey. The main results show that female part-time workers display lower levels of health and well-being than their male counterparts in the EU. Factors such as the nature of the work, difficulty making ends meet, perceived job insecurity, social support and work-life balance play an essential role in levels of female part-timers health and well-being. We may conclude that, in addition to greater institutional support for the inclusion of women in the labour market, changes in public policies designed to improve working conditions (better schedules and a greater presence of non-manual skilled jobs) coupled with changes in family policy, could play a key role in reducing gender differences Classification-JEL: C51, I14, J16 Keywords: Health inequalities, well-being, part-time job, synthetic indicators, gender. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 61-86 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/ief/204/235-4-2020-special-issue/4686/european-part-time-workers-health-and-well-being-in-times-of-crisis-the-case-of-female-part-timers-2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:61-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amadeo Fuenmayor Author-Email: amadeo.fuenmayor@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Rafael Granell Author-Email: rafael.granell@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Teresa Savall Morera Author-Email: teresa.savall@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Tax-benefit Systems and Gender Gap. An Across-Europe Study Abstract: Important international organizations, such as the United Nations or the European Commission, have at the core of their agendas the objective of achieving gender equality in order to ensure fair social development through equity and, ultimately, stable economic growth. Our main objective is to broaden the perspective from which the gender pay gap is analysed by considering gender differences in disposable income, the gender income gap. We introduce the idea that public intervention through tax-benefit policies can contribute to a reduction in the gender income gap as well as providing empirical evidence that a decrease in this gap fosters the reduction of social inequality in general. The aim is to quantify the effect that each policy of the tax-benefit system has on the gender income gap. An analysis is done for all countries of the European Union. The database used is EUROMOD, a tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union. We have analysed how gender income gap changes by country, by type of benefit (contributory vs. non-contributory), by policy and according to sociodemographic characteristics. In addition, we aim to determine if the reduction of the gender income gap is related to a reduction in the levels of inequality in European countries. In short, the results obtained provide empirical evidence that public intervention through tax-benefit policies can contribute to a reduction in the gender income gap. They also endorse the idea that social inequality reduces with a decrease in the gender income gap. Classification-JEL: H50, H53, I38 Keywords: Gender income gap, tax-benefit system, gender gap, public policies Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 87-118 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/ief/204/235-4-2020-special-issue/4688/tax-benefit-systems-and-gender-gap-an-across-europe-study.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:87-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ascensi n Andina-D az Author-Email: aandina@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Paula Penalva Author-Email: ppenalva77@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: IES Ben Gabirol Author-Name: M. Socorro Puy Author-Email: mps@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Women s Preferences for Social Spending: Theory and Evidence from Spanish Political Representatives Abstract: We analyze whether political representatives have gendered preferences for social policies. We explore interview responses of one third of the Spanish legislators during the IX Spanish Legislature (20082011). The data reveal that gender differences arise in the national chambers and within the right-wing party, where female representatives report a stronger preference for social spending on pensions and education. There are no significant gender differences within left-wing representatives or among regional representatives. From a theoretical perspective, we study how differences in gender preferences may affect both the gender identity of the parties candidates and the parties policy platforms. Classification-JEL: D72, H75, J16. Keywords: Gender differences, preferences for social spending, representatives elite survey, Spanish legislators, Downsian electoral competition. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 119-151 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/ief/204/235-4-2020-special-issue/4690/womens-preferences-for-social-spending-theory-and-evidence-from-spanish-political-representatives-2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:119-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raquel Fonseca Author-Email: rfonseca.benito@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ESG-Universit du Qu bec Montr al & CIRANO Author-Name: Simon Lord Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: ESG-UQAM and CREEi Title: Canadian Gender Gap in Financial Literacy: Confidence Matters Abstract: We construct a financial literacy index as well as a financial confidence index in order to evaluate the effect of confidence on financial literacy, and more specifically, on the gender gap in financial literacy. Results confirm the existence of a gender gap in financial literacy in Canada, and show that having a higher con fidence in one s financial skills and knowledge is indeed a factor that increases one s financial literacy. Financial confidence is found not to track actual financial skills very closely across different ages, espe cially for women, and at older ages. We also find evidence that financial literacy and decision making are related to the relative education level of spouses. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, confidence is also found to explain 14.15% of the gender gap in financial literacy, while being self-employed explains 19% of the gap, and taking part in the financial planning accounts for 16.76% of the gender gap difference. We find that most of the gap remains unexplained by differences in coefficients of men and women. Classification-JEL: G0, I22, H00 Keywords: Gender, financial literacy, financial confidence Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 153-182 Volume: 235 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/ief/204/235-4-2020-special-issue/4692/canadian-gender-gap-in-financial-literacy-confidence-matters-2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:235:i:4:p:153-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dianshuang Wang Author-Email: dianshuang07@nju.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics. Nanjing University Author-Name: Xiaochun Li Author-Email: xiaochun@nju.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics. Nanjing University Title: Privatization in Vertically Related Markets: Insights from a General Equilibrium Approach Abstract: A three-sector general equilibrium model is built to investigate how deepening privatization of an upstream state-owned enterprise (SOE) influences the whole economy in developing economy. The SOE, facing privatization, owns a monopolistic position in upstream market and offers an essential intermediate input for downstream manufacturing sector. After the privatization, the SOE improves its efficiency. We conclude the efficiency-enhancing effect is crucial for determining the impacts of privatization and provide a new perspective for analyzing this issue. Deepening privatization lowers (raises) price of the intermediate input and increases its output if the efficiency-enhancing effect is relatively large (small). When the effect is moderate, an increase in the privatization level raises the output of manufacturing and agricultural and improves social welfare. Classification-JEL: L33, L12, O12. Keywords: Privatization, state-owned enterprise, vertical structure, efficiency-enhancing effect, general equilibrium. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-21 Volume: 234 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=202&wpfd_file_id=4611&token=76e58c2ff17ba225df930252ee514f56&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:234:i:3:p:3-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason J. Delaney Author-Email: jdelaney@ggc.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia Gwinnett College Author-Name: David L. Sjoquist Author-Email: sjoquist@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Author-Name: Sally Wallace Author-Email: swallace@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University and African Tax Institute, University of Pretoria RSA Title: Property Tax Assessment Quality: Willingness-to-Pay for Reduced Risk in a Lab Experiment Abstract: We conduct a laboratory experiment to explore the willingness to pay to improve the accuracy of property assessment and issues regarding attitudes toward these assessments and taxes. We explore individual willingness to pay to improve property assessment accuracy; the extent to which the willingness to pay to improve the accuracy of property assessments depends on whether the risk for other property owners decreases; and finally, we use the results to estimate demand for reduced risk and find that subjects were not willing to pay to reduce the assessment variance to a level consistent with best practices in property tax assessment. Classification-JEL: H7, C91 Keywords: Property Tax Assessment, experiment Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 23-58 Volume: 234 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=202&wpfd_file_id=4614&token=76e58c2ff17ba225df930252ee514f56&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:234:i:3:p:23-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marc Escrihuela-Villar Author-Email: marc.escrihuela@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Author-Name: Jorge Guill n Author-Email: jguillen@esan.edu.pe Author-Workplace-Name: Escuela de Administraci n de Negocios para Graduados (ESAN) Title: Innovation and Competition in a Mixed Oligopoly Abstract: We consider a mixed quantity-setting oligopoly where firms can innovate to reduce their marginal cost of production. Besides, private firms may also reduce output competition through a collusive agreement. In this context, we obtain that collusion incentives are weaker due to R&D activities. We also investigate two different regulatory measures; (possibly partial) privatization and an output subsidy. In the latter case, we obtain that when firms innovate, the privatization neutrality result is not satisfied. Furthermore, a proper policy should include a partial privation where less competition between private firms calls for a weaker privatization scheme. Classification-JEL: L11, L13, L52, D43 Keywords: Imperfect competition, mixed oligopoly, partial privatization, innovation, subsidies. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 59-74 Volume: 234 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=202&wpfd_file_id=4612&token=76e58c2ff17ba225df930252ee514f56&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:234:i:3:p:59-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adolfo Cosme Fern ndez Author-Email: adolfocosme.fernandez@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cantabria Author-Name: Nuria S nchez Author-Email: sanchezn@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cantabria Title: Once in the Public Sector, Do Differences in Job Satisfaction by Sex Disappear? Abstract: This paper analyses the differences in job satisfaction between men and women in the public and private sectors. Firstly, differences in satisfaction are analysed globally, and subsequently according to different domains of satisfaction: wage, social assistance, training, job stability, work hours, flexibility, holidays, organization at work, independence, performance assessment by hierarchical superiors, monotony and stress. Results show that women are more satisfied than men in aggregate terms, although their higher satisfaction is justified exclusively by public sector workers. Once within the public sector, the differences between men and women do not disappear. Women in the public sector are still more satisfied than men are. Classification-JEL: A13, H00, J01 Keywords: Job satisfaction, public and private sector, wage, stability. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 75-104 Volume: 234 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=202&wpfd_file_id=4613&token=76e58c2ff17ba225df930252ee514f56&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:234:i:3:p:75-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qurat ul Ain Author-Email: quratulain_ad36@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Finance and Taxation, South Western University of Finance and Economics Author-Name: Tahir Yousaf Author-Email: tahir2018@stu.scu.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Business School, Sichuan University Author-Name: Yan Jie Author-Email: beeeyanjie@swufe.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Finance and Taxation, South Western University of Finance and Economics Author-Name: Yasmeen Akhtar Author-Email: yasmeenakhtar02@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Noon of Business School, University of Sargodha Title: The Impact of Devolution on Government Size and Provision of Social Services: Evi dence from Pakistan Abstract: This paper provides empirical evidence on the association between post-2001 devolution reform policy, government size, and specific components of government expenditures based on a sample of panel data of provincial units in Pakistan from 1990 to 2015. The results demonstrate that devolution is associated with a larger government size, which provides empirical support for the common-pool hypothesis, implying that the decentralization that matters for the size of the general government depends on how sub-na tional governments finance their expenditures. Moreover, the findings suggest a significant increase in the magnitude of Health and education facilities at the local level following the devolution reforms. Classification-JEL: H50, I10, I20, I30 Keywords: Devolution reforms, size of government, Social service delivery, common-pool hypothesis, Leviathan hypothesis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 105-135 Volume: 234 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=202&wpfd_file_id=4615&token=76e58c2ff17ba225df930252ee514f56&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:234:i:3:p:105-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo L. Gim nez Author-Email: egimenez@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Vigo Author-Name: Miguel Rodr guez Author-Email: miguel.r@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Vigo Title: Optimality of Relaxing Revenue-neutral Restrictions in Green Tax Reforms Abstract: Green Tax Reforms (GTR) have been initially devised as a policy proposal to tackle simultaneously sever al political goals. Recent fiscal stress episodes have defied this view. In this paper, we assess a key issue of interest for policymakers: departing from a fiscal system that does not include any environmental tax, would the tax menu resulting from the implementation of revenue-neutral GTR be the closest available to the optimal one? Our work illustrates in a simple, parametrized model that the answer is negative. These findings deviate from general wisdom and provide theoretical support for the third generation of GTR. Classification-JEL: H23, Q48. Keywords: Green tax reforms, revenue neutrality, optimal taxation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 3-24 Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=198&wpfd_file_id=4531&token=87b4f6d38ef782fb263eb19b420fd0dc&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:233:i:2:p:3-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonel Muinelo-Gallo Author-Email: lmuinelo@iecon.ccee.edu.uy Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de la Rep blica. Uruguay Author-Name: Ronald Miranda Author-Email: rmiranda@iecon.ccee.edu.uy Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de la Rep blica. Uruguay Title: The Behaviour of Social Transfers over the Business Cycle: Empirical Evidence of Uruguay Abstract: This paper analyses the cyclical fluctuations of public social cash transfers and its components in Uruguay over 1988/Q1 to 2016/Q3. The unobservable cyclical components are extracted from the observable time series using different empirical strategies. The results show that components of public social cash transfers are procyclical and lag the macroeconomics fluctuations. This enables us to say that instead of these cash transfers contributing to stabilizing the Uruguayan economy they have thereby aggravated the business cycle, and through various expenditure items expose the vulnerable groups of society to more adverse economic conditions. Classification-JEL: C10, E32, H50, H55 Keywords: Social transfers, business cycles, detrending, Uruguay. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 25-54 Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=198&wpfd_file_id=4513&token=87b4f6d38ef782fb263eb19b420fd0dc&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:233:i:2:p:25-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Maria Mussons Olivella Author-Email: jmmussons@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Generalitat de Catalunya and Universitat de Barcelona Title: Fiscal Responsiveness to Public Debt: An Analysis of Regional Debt Limit Uncertainty in Spain Abstract: The present analysis addresses the primary balance response to the debt of Spanish Autonomous Com munities (ACs) from 1987 to 2015. Overall, the results provide evidence of a nonlinear relationship between these variables, which points to a situation of fiscal fatigue and reduced fiscal space. In 2015 the regional debt ratio stood at 26.8% of Gross Value Added, slightly above our lower estimate for the debt limit (24%) and well below the upper estimate (37%). We obtain lower debt limit thresholds when controlling for the extraordinary liquidity support measures provided by the central government. A reduced fiscal space in ACs calls for measures to ensure a sustainable debt trajectory and regain some room to deal with potential negative shocks. Classification-JEL: E62, H62, H63, H74 Keywords: Public debt, debt sustainability, debt limit, uncertainty, fiscal reaction function Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 55-83 Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=198&wpfd_file_id=4514&token=87b4f6d38ef782fb263eb19b420fd0dc&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:233:i:2:p:55-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco J. Goerlich Author-Email: Francisco.J.Goerlich@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia e Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Econ micas Title: La Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida: evaluaci n de los cambios metodol gicos en relaci n a la obtenci n de los ingresos Abstract: Como resultado colateral del cambio de metodolog a del Instituto Nacional de Estad stica (INE) en lo que a la obtenci n de los ingresos en la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida (ECV) se refiere, se disponen de micro-datos con ingresos duplicados para la ECV de los a os 2008 a 2014, seg n su origen sea la entrevista personal auto-declarados o registros fiscales Agencia Tributaria y Seguridad Social . Este trabajo explota dicha riqueza informativa, examinando las diferencias entre ambas fuentes de informaci n, para examinar las consecuencias que ello tiene sobre nuestra percepci n acerca de los niveles de ingresos y su distribuci n durante el periodo de crisis. Las conclusiones son parcialmente extrapolables a otros contextos, dado que la tendencia a generar estad sticas oficiales a partir de registros administrativos continuar en el futuro, y lo que se deriva de ellos no tiene por qu coincidir con lo que se obtiene directamente de los entrevistados Classification-JEL: C18, C81 Keywords: Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida (ECV), renta, desigualdad, registros administrativos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 85-116 Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=198&wpfd_file_id=4512&token=87b4f6d38ef782fb263eb19b420fd0dc&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:233:i:2:p:85-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Insook Lee Author-Email: islee@phbs.pku.edu.cn Author-Workplace-Name: Peking University HSBC Business School Title: Trade-Off Effect of Pay-As-You-Go Public Pension on Economic and Welfare Volatility Abstract: Using an overlapping-generations model where heterogeneous individuals choose their own consumption and labor supply for responding to total factor productivity shocks, this paper finds a trade-off effect of pay-as-you-go public pension on macroeconomic stability and welfare volatility. This paper theoretically proves that pay-as-you-go public pension can reduce volatilities of total consumption and social welfare at the cost of increasing volatilities of aggregate output, labor supply, and investment. By reducing the exposure of retirement wealth to aggregate shocks, pay-as-you-go public pension can make individuals work and save less in recessions and more in booms. Classification-JEL: H55, E62, E32 Keywords: Pay-as-you-go public pension, macroeconomic stability, social welfare volatility Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 117-140 Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=198&wpfd_file_id=4515&token=87b4f6d38ef782fb263eb19b420fd0dc&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:233:i:2:p:117-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kashif Munir Author-Email: kashifmunirdr@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Central Punjab Author-Name: Nimra Riaz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Central Punjab Title: Macroeconomic Effects of Exogenous Fiscal Policy Shocks in Pakistan: A Disaggregated SVAR Analysis Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks on a set of macroeconomic variables in Pakistan. The study adopts the SVAR framework and uses quarterly data of Pakistan from 1976:Q1 to 2018:Q4. Fiscal policy shocks are identified by incorporating the elasticity of fiscal variables as well as by taking decision lags in policy formulation to economic activity. The results showed that an increase in government developmental expenditure increases real GDP more than current expenditure, while current expenditure increases prices and developmental expenditure reduces prices. Prices are positively related with subsidies and defence expenditure, while negatively related with expenditure on social services. Tax revenue increases real GDP more than non-tax revenue, while tax revenue and non-tax revenue are both positively related with prices and negatively related with interest rate. An increase in direct tax has positive impact on prices and interest rate and negatively related with real GDP, while indirect tax is positively related with real GDP and negatively related with interest rate. Prices are positively related with excise duty, sales tax, and tax on international trade. Results support the Keynesian view that fiscal policy is a beneficial mechanism to stabilize the economy and stimulate economic activity at the cost of inflation. Government has to channelize the expenditures into productive means, while adopt the strict policy of accountability for the generation and collection of revenue to lead the economy on the path of prosperity. Classification-JEL: C32, E62, H30 Keywords: Fiscal Policy, Government Expenditures, Government Revenues, SVAR, Pakistan Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 141-165 Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=198&wpfd_file_id=4516&token=87b4f6d38ef782fb263eb19b420fd0dc&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:233:i:2:p:141-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xavier Ruiz del Portal Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Lleida Title: Two reasons for not using commodity taxation in the presence of an optimal income tax Abstract: This paper presents two arguments in favor of the sole use of an income tax for redistribution purposes. The first is that most findings on nonlinear commodity taxation such as Mirrlees s formulae for Pareto efficiency, Seade s results on zero tax rates at the endpoints of the scale, and the Corlett-Hague tax rule only become valid under the second-order approach for the unrealistic class of utility functions that are affine with respect to ability. The second is that, for the Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem to hold, it suffices with assuming that preferences must be weakly separable in consumption and ability, a result that also remains valid with linear commodity taxation. All this relegates the use of nonlinear commodity taxes to the unlikely scenario in which, apart from non-weakly separable preferences between consumption and ability, there is a solution to the first-order approach problem. Classification-JEL: C6, D6, D8, H2. Keywords: Nonlinear commodity taxes, second-order approach, Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-28 Volume: 232 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=192&wpfd_file_id=4347&token=54a35d03d7100fcab8b76a8f423654c9&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:232:i:1:p:9-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Mansilla-Fern ndez Author-Email: josemanuel.mansilla@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Title: Non-Performing loans, financial stability, and banking competition: evidence for listed and non-listed Eurozone banks Abstract: This article analyses the effects of non-performing loans (NPLs hereafter) and financial (in)stability on banking competition in the Eurozone lending markets. Our results suggest that NPLs increase margin al costs and the degree of competition in banking markets. This phenomenon is economically more significant for non-listed than for listed banks. The results are robust to any endogeneity due to the impact of the economic downturn and the sovereign debt crisis on the growth of NPLs. Classification-JEL: G01, G21, G32, H63. Keywords: Bank competition, banking and financial crisis, listed banks, NPLs, sovereign debt crisis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 29-52 Volume: 232 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=192&wpfd_file_id=4349&token=54a35d03d7100fcab8b76a8f423654c9&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:232:i:1:p:29-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gloria Alarc n-Garc a Author-Email: gloria@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Jos Daniel Buend a Azor n Author-Email: jdbuen@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Mar a del Mar S nchez de la Vega Author-Email: marvega@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: Shadow economy and national culture: A spatial approach Abstract: This paper seeks to contribute to the empirical evidence on existing estimations of the factors partici pating in shadow economy. The estimations correspond to the period 1999-2015, with a sample of 82 countries. The paper examines the effect of the Hofstede cultural variables, along with other socioeconomic fac tors on the shadow economy, and incorporates the spatial variable as an additional explanatory variable. The estimation carried out as a novelty uses a panel model that incorporates the spatial filter technique. Our study confirms that national culture and how developed a country is are significant factors in ex plaining the different levels of shadow economies. Classification-JEL: H2, H26, O17, O5. Keywords: Hofstede theory, shadow economy, fiscal evasion, tax compliance, spatial dependence. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 53-74 Volume: 232 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=192&wpfd_file_id=4351&token=54a35d03d7100fcab8b76a8f423654c9&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:232:i:1:p:53-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Cordero Author-Email: jmcordero@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Carlos D az Caro Author-Email: carlosdc@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Francisco Pedraja Chaparro Author-Email: pedraja@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Cristina Polo Fern ndez Author-Email: cristinapf@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Tributos cedidos y eficiencia en la gesti n tributaria de las Comunidades Aut nomas Abstract: Este trabajo estima la evoluci n de la eficiencia en la gesti n de los principales tributos tradicionales cedidos a las Comunidades Aut nomas durante el per odo 2005-2014. En el an lisis emp rico las medidas de efi ciencia se obtienen mediante la aplicaci n de un modelo condicional robusto, con el que resulta posible incluir en la estimaci n la influencia de variables representativas del contexto socio-econ mico en el que operan las oficinas tributarias. Adem s, esta metodolog a se ha adaptado a un contexto din mico en el que pueda analizarse la evoluci n experimentada por el comportamiento de estas unidades a lo largo de un pe r odo que incluye la ltima crisis econ mica. El principal resultado es que, una vez que ajustamos los ndices de eficiencia por las variables de contexto, las diferencias entre las unidades evaluadas son muy reducidas. Classification-JEL: H20, H21, H24. Keywords: Eficiencia, Administraci n Tributaria, modelo condicional no param trico, Outputs indeseables. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 75-112 Volume: 232 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=192&wpfd_file_id=4354&token=54a35d03d7100fcab8b76a8f423654c9&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:232:i:1:p:75-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA e Instituto Econ mico, CSIC Author-Name: Miguel ngel Garc a D az Author-Email: magarciadiaz1@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos y FEDEA Author-Name: Alfonso R. S nchez Author-Email: arsanmar2014@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: CUNEF y FEDEA Title: Hacia una contrarreforma de pensiones? Notas para el Pacto de Toledo Abstract: En este art culo se analizan las posibles consecuencias de la derogaci n de la reforma de 2013 de la normativa sobre pensiones. Con este fin, se construyen proyecciones de los ingresos y gastos del siste ma de pensiones contributivas de la Seguridad Social hasta 2070 con y sin dicha reforma y se exploran sus implicaciones para las cuentas p blicas y para el reparto de la renta entre activos y pensionistas bajo dos escenarios alternativos sobre el influjo de inmigrantes en las pr ximas d cadas. Classification-JEL: H55, J11. Keywords: reforma de pensiones, sostenibilidad. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 113-144 Volume: 232 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: March File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=192&wpfd_file_id=4356&token=54a35d03d7100fcab8b76a8f423654c9&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2020:v:232:i:1:p:113-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bego a Cueto Iglesias Author-Email: bcueto@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Ferm n L pez Rodr guez Author-Email: lopezfermin@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: The Apprenticeship Contract: An Evaluation Abstract: The apprenticeship contract is an instrument to fight against youth unemployment which has under gone several reforms since the crisis in 2008. Despite its changes, the empirical evidence on its effects on the employability of young people is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate this type of contract. For this purpose, data from the Continuous Sample of Working Lives are examined and Propensity Score Matching is used as method of analysis. Results show that this type of contract does not contribute to the improvement of youth employability when compared to temporary contract. Classification-JEL: J24 Keywords: Apprenticeship, contract, employability, youth, evaluation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 15-39 Volume: 231 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 Month: December File-URL: : https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=184&wpfd_file_id=4277&token=94b949bc52e91326c761415974a6e8ea&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:231:i:4:p:15-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ignacio Moral-Arce Author-Email: ignacio.moral@ief.hacienda.gob.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Javier Mart n-Rom n Author-Email: jmartin@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Nacional de Educaci n a Distancia Author-Name: ngel L. Mart n-Rom n Author-Email: angellm@eco.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: Cessation of Activity Benefit for Spanish Self-employed Workers: A Heterogeneous Impact Evaluation Abstract: The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effects of a public policy implemented through the Spanish Social Security system: the Cessation of Activity Benefit (CAB) for self-employed workers. Making use of the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (MCVL) and by means of a Propensity Score Match-ing (PSM) methodology, our results show that, when we do not take into account heterogeneity in the treatment, self-employed workers receiving CAB experience non-employment spells between 33 and 38 logarithmic points longer than their not entitled counterparts. We also detect that this difference is not constant but depends on the likelihood of being treated. We believe that the two traditional prob-lems that affect the insurance markets, consequence of the asymmetric information, adverse selection and moral hazard, are behind these results. Classification-JEL: J08, J64, J65, K31, D04 Keywords: Self-employment, impact evaluation, propensity score matching, opportunistic Behavior Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 41-79 Volume: 231 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=184&wpfd_file_id=4278&token=94b949bc52e91326c761415974a6e8ea&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:231:i:4:p:41-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos D az-Caro Author-Email: carlosdiazcar@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Jorge Onrubia Author-Email: jorge.onrubia@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales Title: How Did the Dualization of the Spanish Income Tax Affect Horizontal Equity? Assessing its Impact Using Copula Functions Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess horizontal inequity (HI) caused by the introduction of a (semi-) dual structure for the Spanish personal income tax (PIT), adopting a copula function-based measurement framework. Following B et al. (2012), we estimate the Clayton, Frank and Gumbel copulas, belonging to the Archimedean class, to quantify the impact of the 2007 Spanish PIT reform on HI, comparing it with the previous tax design applied in 2006. In order to identify possible anticipation and adaptation effects, the analysis covers the 2004-2010 period. This research employs microdata from the Spanish PIT Return Panel. Results reveal two effects of the reform on the HI working in opposite directions: while the partition of the taxable income into two bases (one is taxed at at rate) increases the HI, the transformation of personal and family allowances into tax credits reduces it. The predominance of one effect over the other depends on the equivalence scale applied. Classification-JEL: D31, D63, H31 Keywords: dual income tax, Spanish PIT, horizontal equity, copula functions, reranking. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 81-124 Volume: 231 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=184&wpfd_file_id=4280&token=94b949bc52e91326c761415974a6e8ea&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:231:i:4:p:81-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ester Mart nez-Ros Author-Email: emros@emp.uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Author-Name: Rasi Kunapatarawong Author-Email: euayrasi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hitachi Consulting Thailand at Q House Lumpini Title: The Impact of Innovation and Green Fiscal Incentives on Employment in Spain Abstract: Questions remain whether the government is aware of dif culties of incentive schemes, its effectiveness, implications and conditions that are required so policy instrument can be put to the best use. Using a corporate tax dataset for MSMEs (micro rms) and SMEs in 2008, we use OLS to study the relationship between employment and environmental investment tax credit (EI) and technological innovation tax credit (R&D&I). Our results show a positive impact of EI and R&D&I tax credit on employment for MSMEs and SMEs. The impact is stronger for R&D&I tax credit than for EI tax credit and stronger for MSMEs than for SMEs. Also, the impacts of both tax credits are independent of each other. We help to provide insights into the impacts of two types of tax credits on employment level for micro and SMEs that are the backbone of an economy. The important thing is the government must remain engaged in both green and technology policies to ensure policy intervention schemes are powerful and effective. Classification-JEL: M10, M21, L25, O31, O38 Keywords: Environmental policy, environmental investment tax credit, technological innovation tax credit, employment, MSMEs, SMEs. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 125-154 Volume: 231 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=184&wpfd_file_id=4288&token=94b949bc52e91326c761415974a6e8ea&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:231:i:4:p:125-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Ignacio Garc a-P rez Author-Email: jigarper@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Author-Name: Josep Mestres Dom nech Author-Email: jmestresd@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: CaixaBank Research Title: The Impact of the 2012 Spanish Labour Market Reform on Unemployment Inflows and Outflows: a Regression Discontinuity Analysis using Duration Models Abstract: This paper studies the impact of the 2012 Spanish labour market reform on the probability of exiting and entering unemployment using a regression discontinuity approach based on duration models. The 2012 reform modified important aspects of hiring and dismissal procedures in Spain. By doing so, it affected the probability of exiting both unemployment and employment. Comparing labour market performance before and after February 2012 and using a competing risk duration model for the exit from both unemployment and employment, we find that the reform contributed to employment creation in two ways. First, it increased the likelihood of exiting from unemployment to employment by increas-ing the monthly transition to permanent employment from 1.7% to 2.6%, on average, for the first twelve months of unemployment. Second, it reduced the probability of exiting from employment for workers on a temporary contract, particularly at small firms, most likely because the firms were using newly introduced internal flexibility measures to adjust the workforce instead of using external flexibil-ity measures. The direct transition from temporary to permanent positions was also eased by the re-form. Finally, we do not find any significant effect of the reform on the dismissal patterns for perma-nent workers. These findings point to a positive effect of the reform in dampening the widespread segmentation of the Spanish labour market, although the impact is so far small, which means that more effort will be needed to substantially reduce the strong duality of this labour market. Classification-JEL: J41, J64, C41 Keywords: Labour reform, discontinuity design, unemployment hazard rate, employment hazard rate Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 157-200 Volume: 231 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 Month: December File-URL: https://hpe-rpe.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?juwpfisadmin=false&action=wpfd&task=file.download&wpfd_category_id=184&wpfd_file_id=4287&token=94b949bc52e91326c761415974a6e8ea&preview=1 File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:231:i:4:p:157-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakki HakanYilmaz Author-Email: hakkihakanyilmaz@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ankara Author-Name: Mehmet Ali Ozyer Author-Email: mozyer@sayistay.gov.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Court of Accounts Author-Name: Serap Inci Ozyer Author-Email: serap.ozyer@tcmb.gov.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Central Bank of Turkey Title: Redistribution Effects of Taxes on Expenditure: The Case of Turkey (2002-2013) Abstract: Tax and transfer policies have been main research areas in reducing income inequality, which gained great importance particularly in the last century. Economists, who focused on this area, argue that unlike income tax, a well-designed expenditure tax might be more efficient in reducing income inequality because it is easier to manage, does not levy a tax on capital income, and does not discriminate between current and future consumption. In this study, redistributive effects of taxes on expenditures are investigated based on the household budget survey micro data of TURKSTAT, which represents a great share of the indirect taxes. It is found that the impact of taxes on goods and services on inequality is not significant by the analyses that are based on sequential revenue tranches of indices and total consumption distribution in terms of gross and net consumption shares, the Gini coefficients, decile ratios and Kakwani index. Very close to zero and negative in the relevant period, Kakwani index implies that expenditure taxes in Turkey can be considered regressive and increase the inequality. By comparing total consumption expenditures, amount paid on expenditure taxes, and household disposable incomes; it is indicated that households at the bottom of the distribution are on average net spenders, and consumption taxes increase the gap between the poor and the rich. Classification-JEL: E21, H23, H31 Keywords: Household consumption, consumption taxes, redistribution, inequality and tax policy Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-40 Volume: 230 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/230_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:230:i:3:p:11-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ainhoa Vega-Bayo Author-Email: ainhoa.vega@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Author-Name: Petr Mariel Author-Email: petr.mariel@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Title: A Discrete Choice Experiment Application to School Choice in the Basque Country Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyse which school characteristics parents prefer in the Basque Country when choosing a primary school for their children, by carrying out a Discrete Choice Experi ment applied to parental school choice. After conducting the experiment and gathering the answers, responses have been analysed using a Random Parameter Logit. Results indicate that, in stark contrast to other countries and regions, the most relevant school characteristics are the main language of instruc tion and religious orientation of the school. The main contribution of this work is the quantification, in monetary units, of the parental preferences regarding school characteristics in the Basque Country; as well as the first application of this methodology to School Choice in Spain. Classification-JEL: I20, I28, I29, C25 Keywords: School choice, Discrete choice experiment, Mixed logit model. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 41-62 Volume: 230 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/230_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:230:i:3:p:41-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Alejandro L pez-Agudo Author-Email: lopezagudo@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: scar D. Marcenaro Guti rrez Author-Email: odmarcenaro@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: The Effect of Weekly Instruction Time on Academic Achievement: The Spanish Case Abstract: This research checks if the amount of weekly instruction time received by 15 year-old Spanish students actually affects their academic achievement and if this effect differs by Autonomous Community. The employed student fixed effects between-subjects let us isolate this effect of instruction time from other covariates. Results show that there is not any significant effect of instruction time on academic achieve ment, being this conclusion extended to the Autonomous Communities under analysis. This result suggests that a previous evaluation of the weekly instruction time set by the Spanish 2013 education law would have been needed before its implementation. Classification-JEL: I20, I21, I28 Keywords: Weekly instruction time, Student fixed effects, Spain, Autonomous Communities, Second ary education. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 63-93 Volume: 230 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/230_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:230:i:3:p:63-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Pati o Author-Email: pato@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Author-Name: Francisco G mez-Garc a Author-Email: fgomez@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Title: Do Quasi-Hyperbolic Preferences Explain Academic Procrastination? An Empirical Evaluation Abstract: Traditional neoclassical thought fails to explain questions such as problems of self-control. Beha-vioural economics have explained these matters on the basis of the intertemporal preferences of indi viduals and, specifically, the so-called ( , d) model which emphasises present bias. This opens the way to the analysis of new situations in which people can adopt incorrect indecisions that make it necessary for the government to intervene. The literature which has developed the ( , d) model and its implica tions has generated a categorisation of people that is widely used but which lacks a systematic empiri cal evaluation. It is important to value the need for this public action. In this article, we develop a method which makes it possible to verify the main implications that this model has to explain the procrastination of university students. Using an experimental time discount task with real monetary incentives, we estimate the students and d parameters and we analyse their correlation with their answers to a series of questions concerning how they plan to study for an exam. The results are am biguous given that they back some of the model s conclusions but reject others, including a number of the most basic ones, such as the relation between present biases and some of the categories of people, these being essential to predict their behaviour. Classification-JEL: I210, D90 Keywords: Behavioural economics, problems of self-control, welfare analysis, experimental economics Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 95-124 Volume: 230 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/230_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:230:i:3:p:95-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Fontoura Gouveia Author-Email: agouveia@bportugal.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Portugal, Nova SBE and Economics for Policy-E4P Author-Name: Gustavo Monteiro Author-Email: gustavoarmonteiro@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Nova SBE Author-Name: S lvia Fonte Santa Author-Email: ssantos@bportugal.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Portugal Title: Product Markets Deregulation: A more Productive, more Effcient and more Resilient Economy? Abstract: Relying on a rich frm-level dataset for one of the top product market reformers among OECD coun tries over the last decade, we fnd a positive association, already in the short-run, between frm-level productivity and deregulation of intermediate goods sectors. The long-run effects are mediated by frm-level productivity, with gains increasing with the distance to the (national) sectorial technological frontier. As laggard frms are more likely to be held-up by upstream producers with large market power, they have more to gain vis- -vis more productive frms that are better equipped to deal with the inef fciencies of upstream markets. For the highly productive, the reduction of their competitive edge vis- -vis low performers, coupled with decreased mark-ups and increased uncertainty, reduce their incen tives to innovate. Importantly, we fnd evidence of positive selection among laggard companies: for viable frms, the reforms unlock their growth potential and allow them to catch-up; for non-viable laggards, the likelihood of exit increases as they are not able to compete in the more demanding envi ronment. In fact, while the increased competition downstream (resulting from increased competition upstream) is associated with higher exit probabilities for all frms, we fnd a stronger association for low productivity frms. Finally, by comparing the performance of frms more and less exposed to pre-crisis reforms, we show that the survival of the fttest and the unlocking of viable laggards growth boosts the resilience of the frms operating in the market. Classification-JEL: D04, D22, L43, L51 Keywords: Structural Reforms, Product Markets, Productivity Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 125-155 Volume: 230 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/230_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:230:i:3:p:125-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Xu Tang Author-Email: xtang4@student.gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Author-Name: David L. Sjoquist Author-Email: sjoquist@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Title: Differential Effects of Federal and State Gasoline Taxes on Gasoline Consumption Abstract: Previous studies find that gasoline consumption is more responsive to the gasoline tax than the tax exclusive price. We examine this topic more extensively by considering the differential effects of the tax-exclusive price, federal gasoline excise tax, and total state taxes on gasoline. We find some evidence that the response to changes in the federal excise tax is larger than to changes in state taxes and the tax-exclusive price. We also consider the three specific state taxes and fees on gasoline: excise tax, sales tax, and fees. Classification-JEL: H21, H25, H31 Keywords: Excise tax, gasoline consumption, tax aversion Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-32 Volume: 229 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/229_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:229:i:2:p:11-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzana Makreshanska-Mladenovska Author-Email: suzana@eccf.ukim.edu.mk Author-Workplace-Name: Saints Cyril and Methodius University Author-Name: Goran Petrevski Author-Email: goran@eccf.ukim.edu.mk Author-Workplace-Name: Saints Cyril and Methodius University Title: Fiscal Decentralisation and Government Size: Evidence from a Panel of European Countries Abstract: This paper provides empirical evidence on the association between fiscal decentralisation and govern-ment size on a sample of 28 European countries during 1990-2016. The main findings from our study are as follows: first, expenditure decentralisation is associated with smaller government size; second, revenue decentralisation has negative effect on government size only in the sub-sample of Central and Eastern European countries; third, we cannot provide empirical support to the common-pool hypoth-esis, implying that it is expenditure decentralisation that matters for the size of general government notwithstanding how sub-national governments finance their expenditure. Classification-JEL: C33, H50, H71, H77 Keywords: Fiscal decentralisation, government size, Leviathan hypothesis, common-pool hypothesis, GMM. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 33-58 Volume: 229 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/229_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:229:i:2:p:33-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabel Mart nez Mart n Author-Email: mmartinez@abayanalistas.net Author-Workplace-Name: Abay Analistas Econ micos Author-Name: Miguel S nchez Galindo Author-Email: msanchezgalindo@eoi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Escuela de Organizaci n Industrial Author-Name: C sar P rez L pez Author-Email: cesar.perez@ief.hacienda.gob.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Rosa Santero S nchez Author-Email: rosa.santero@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Title: Evaluaci n del impacto del programa Redes de Innovaci n al Servicio de la Competitividad (RISC) Abstract: Este trabajo presenta la evaluaci n de impacto de un programa de servicios de innovaci n (Redes de Innovaci n al Servicio de la Competitividad) desarrollado por la Escuela de Organizaci n Industrial durante el per odo 2012-15, orientado a mejorar la competitividad de pymes y agrupaciones empresa riales. Utilizando informaci n procedente de una encuesta ad hoc aplicada a una muestra de empre sas beneficiarias y a un grupo de control, los resultados de la estimaci n de la evaluaci n, a partir de un modelo de diferencias en diferencias, establecen un impacto diferencial y positivo del programa sobre un indicador sint tico de la competitividad empresarial. Classification-JEL: C52, L25, L53, O32, O38 Keywords: innovaci n, competitividad, pol ticas de apoyo a la empresa, diferencias en diferencias, evaluaci n de programas. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 59-86 Volume: 229 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/229_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:229:i:2:p:59-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brindusa Anghel Author-Email: brindusa.anghel@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz Author-Email: nacho.conderuiz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA. Universidad Complutense Author-Name: Ignacio Marra de Art ano Author-Email: nnmarra@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oxford Title: Brechas Salariales de G nero en Espa a Abstract: El objetivo de este art culo es analizar la evoluci n de las brechas salariales de g nero usando los datos de la Encuesta de Estructura Salarial (EES) espa ola y europea. En la primera parte, comparamos las brechas salariales de g nero por hora, sin ajustar, en Espa a y en distintos pa ses europeos. En la se gunda parte, nos centraremos en el caso de Espa a y estimamos, para los a os 2002, 2006, 2010 y 2014, las brechas salariales ajustadas, es decir controlando no solo por variables socioecon micas (sexo, edad, nivel educativo y experiencia), sino tambi n por variables caracter sticas del empleo y de la empresa (tama o de la empresa, tipo de contrato, tipo de jornada, ocupaci n y sector de actividad). Adem s, calculamos las brechas salariales a lo largo de la distribuci n salarial, tanto las brechas no ajustadas, como las ajustadas. Las brechas ajustadas se estiman utilizando regresiones cuant licas. Classification-JEL: J16, J01, J21 Keywords: g nero, brechas salariales de g nero, encuesta de estructura salarial. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 87-119 Volume: 229 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/229_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:229:i:2:p:87-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: angel.delafuente@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA Author-Name: Miguel ngel Garc a D az Author-Email: magarciadiaz1@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Alfonso R. S nchez Author-Email: arsanmar2014@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: CUNEF y FEDEA Title: La salud financiera del sistema p blico de pensiones espa ol: proyecciones de largo plazo y factores de riesgo Abstract: En el presente trabajo se construyen proyecciones de largo plazo de los gastos e ingresos del sistema p blico de pensiones contributivas espa ol bajo diversos escenarios macroecon micos y distintas op ciones de pol tica utilizando un modelo din mico de equilibrio general. Nuestros c lculos sugieren que hay margen para medidas que mitiguen los efectos m s adversos del IRP, pero no para volver sin m s a la indexaci n general de las pensiones al IPC. Classification-JEL: H55, J11 Keywords: sistema de pensiones, sostenibilidad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 123-156 Volume: 229 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/229_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:229:i:2:p:123-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kashif Munir Author-Email: kashifmunirdr@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Central Punjab Author-Name: Nimra Riaz Author-Email: nimra.riaz1@ucp.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Central Punjab Title: Fiscal Policy and Macroecomonic Stability in South Asian Countries. Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between fiscal policy and macroeconomic stability in South Asian countries. Specific objectives of the study are to analyze the effects of major macroeconomic variables on macroeconomic stability and to analyze the channels i.e. automatic stabi lizer, cyclical fiscal policy, and discretionary fiscal policy through which fiscal policy contributes to macroeconomic stability. The study has used Keynesian model which states that in order to stimulate aggregate demand for minimizing output gap government operates through taxes and spending. The study uses data of four South Asian countries i.e. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 1990 to 2015 at annual frequency and applies pooled OLS and IVLS methodology. The results showed that automatic stabilizers and cyclical policy destabilizes emerging economies instead of automatic adjust ment through market mechanism to stabilize. However, discretionary policy has stabilizing impact on South Asian economies and requires efficient intervention of the government. Automatic stabilizers and cyclical policy both works efficiently and stabilizes the economy where markets work efficiently with flexibility. Emerging economies are characterized with poor market mechanism, hence government has to intervene in the market for stabilization. Government has to develop efficient markets and institu tions with autonomy, as well as an active and efficient role of government is required for sustainable economic growth in emerging economies. Classification-JEL: C23, E62, O11, O53 Keywords: Fiscal Policy, Macroeconomic Stability, Channels, Panel Data, South Asia. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 13-33 Volume: 228 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/228_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:228:i:1:p:13-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Jos Sol x-Baltodano Author-Email: mariajose.solis@urv.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Rovira i Virgili Author-Name: Cori Vilella Author-Email: cori.vilella@urv.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Rovira i Virgili Author-Name: Jos Manuel Gim nez-G mez Author-Email: josemanuel.gimenez@urv.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Rovira i Virgili Title: The Catalan Health Budget: A Conflicting Claims Approach Abstract: The financial and economic crisis in Spain during recent years has induced public budget adjustments. The crisis has caused a great social impact due to the way the austerity measures have been imple mented, affecting mainly key economic sectors such as the civil service, justice, education and health. Among all of these sectors, the current paper focuses on the health budget distribution, since the changes in the provision of the health services induce faster and clearer impacts in the social welfare. Spain is divided into 17 regions, and each region manages its own health system. Specifically, we ana lyze the Catalan health budget assignment since Catalonia is one of the most populated regions and one where the restrictions have been more evident. We study the health budget distribution for the period 1998-2014, from the point of view of the conflicting claims problem (O Neill, 1982). Accordingly, alternative allocations of the health budget are proposed by using some of the most used solutions in the body of literature. Finally, in order to choose the most appropriate solution, we require the fulfill ment of (i) some equity and stability criteria, and (ii) some commonly accepted social constraints. Classification-JEL: C71, D63, D71 Keywords: Distribution problems, health, axiomatic analysis, public budget Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 35-54 Volume: 228 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/228_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:228:i:1:p:35-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Gonz lez Chapela Author-Email: jorgegc@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza Title: Weight Values, Scoring Rules and Abnormally Low Tenders Criteria in Multidimensional Procurement: Effects on Price. Abstract: Many weighing functions are currently in use for evaluating quotes in multidimensional procurement. Although these may affect the price paid by the buyer, their design has been little informed by empiri-cal considerations. This paper studies the impacts of weight values, scoring rules, and abnormally low tenders criteria (ALTC) in an original sample of procurements of services. The panel dimension of the data and the rich set of procurement characteristics are exploited to show that convex price scoring rules (PSRs) and increases in the weight for price yield lower prices, whereas independent/interdepend-ent PSRs and different ALTC result in the same price. Classification-JEL: H57 Keywords: Multidimensional procurement, weighing function, scoring rule, abnormally low tenders criterion, Spanish Armed Forces. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 55-81 Volume: 228 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/228_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:228:i:1:p:55-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Granell P rez Author-Email: Rafael.Granell@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Amadeo Fuenmayor Fern ndez Author-Email: Amadeo.Fuenmayor@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Implementing a Negative Income Tax. Net Cost, Poverty and Inequality Effects Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to propose a financially viable alternative to the current Spanish system of social protection: A Negative Income Tax (NIT) unifying in a single mechanism the system of pub lic benefits and income tax. We analyse the main characteristics of the NIT and simulate several NIT proposals for Spain, using the Living Conditions Survey. These proposals are distinct in that they do not suppose an additional cost in the tax-benefit system. The results of our simulations indicate a radi cal improvement in the indicators of poverty and inequality, especially extreme poverty, and also a redistribution of income from the elderly to families with children Classification-JEL: C8, H24, I38 Keywords: Basic Income, Negative Income Tax, Poverty, Inequality, Microsimulation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 83-108 Volume: 228 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/228_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:228:i:1:p:83-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meritxell Sol Author-Email: meritxell.sole@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Guadalupe Souto Author-Email: guadalupe.souto@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Concepci Patxot Author-Email: cio.patxot@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Title: Sustainability and Adequacy of the Spanish Pension System after the 2013 Reform: A Microsimulation Analysis Abstract: Concerns about the consequences of demographic ageing on the sustainability of the pension system has led to the adoption of reforms reducing pension expenditure. However, the impact of these reforms on pension adequacy is now coming under increasing scrutiny. Taking recent Spanish reform as an example, this paper analyses the extent to which fostering pension sustainability threatens pension adequacy. Using an extension of the DyPeS behavioural microsimulation model, results show that the introduction of mechanisms linking retirement pensions to the evolution of the social security budget balance has strong and negative effects on adequacy. The gains in sustainability are mainly driven by the significant fall in the benefit ratio (average pension to average wage), worsening the relative eco nomic position of pensioners throughout forthcoming decades, reversing the past trend. Classification-JEL: H55, J11, H53, I38, J18 Keywords: Ageing, Pensions, Pension adequacy, Pension Reforms, Sustainability, Welfare State Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 109-150 Volume: 228 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/228_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2019:v:228:i:1:p:109-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ainhoa Vega-Bayo Author-Email: ainhoa.vega@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Author-Name: Petr Mariel Author-Email: petr.mariel@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Title: School choice across Different Regions of Spain Abstract: This paper analyses the characteristics that lead parents to choose a particular school for their children in different Spanish regions. This choice is studied taking into account several school and family char acteristics. We estimate the probability of parents choosing a particular school using a conditional logit model for different Spanish regions with data from PISA 2012. The main results indicate that the characteristics with the biggest influence on school choice are public/private, location, and reputation. As expected, some characteristics, like a school being private, and its socioeconomic composition, become more relevant as family wealth and parents education level increases. Classification-JEL: I20, I28, I29, C25 Keywords: School choice, conditional logit, Spain, endogeneity Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-36 Volume: 227 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/227_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:227:i:4:p:11-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ra l del Pozo Rubio Author-Email: raul.delpozo@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Pablo Moya Mart nez Author-Email: Pablo.moya@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Francisco Escribano Sotos Author-Email: francisco.esotos@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Mar a Elisa Amo Saus Author-Email: elisa.amo@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Title: Gasto p blico en visitas a servicios sanitarios ocasionados por los h bitos de alimentaci n de personas mayores Abstract: Los h bitos de alimentaci n en las personas mayores constituyen un factor a tener en cuenta a la hora de analizar la calidad de vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo es valorar los costes sanitarios derivados de las visitas a servicios de salud y hospitalizaciones ocasionados por los h bitos de alimentaci n de las personas mayores. Para ello se utiliz la Encuesta Europea de Salud en Espa a de 2014, y a trav s de diferentes modelos se observa la asociaci n estad sticamente significativa entre el n mero de visitas a urgencias y el incumplimiento de unos criterios m nimos de alimentaci n saludable. El gasto p blico total anual estimado de dichas visitas asciende a 731M , de los que el 5,6% podr a ser debido a una alimentaci n no saludable. Classification-JEL: H51, P46, J14 Keywords: Costes servicios sanitarios, patrones alimentarios, estilo de vida, personas mayores Pages: 37-62 Volume: 227 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/227_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:227:i:4:p:37-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kosta Josifidis Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad Author-Name: Radmila Dragutinov c Mitrov c Author-Email: radmilam@ekof.bg.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: Univesity of Belgrade Author-Name: Olgica Glavaski Author-Email: glavaski.olgica@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad Author-Name: Novica Sup c Author-Email: novicasupic@ef.uns.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad Title: Public Policies Influence on Fiscal Deficit in the EU-28: Common Correlated Effects Approach Abstract: This paper empirically investigates heterogeneous effects of different public policies (health, education, pension expenditure) on fiscal deficit in the circumstances when fiscal sustainability became questionable in EU economies. The research is based on the sample of EU-28 over the period 19952015. The empirical analysis is conducted within the econometric framework of heterogeneous, crosssectional dependent panels, using common correlated effects approach. According to the main findings of the paper, different effects of public policies between groups of developed and emerging European economies are evident but not crucial. These effects on fiscal deficit are heterogeneous across all countries, with different magnitude of pension, health and education expenditure impact. Due to the population ageing, pension expenditure has the most frequent and the most intensive influence on fiscal deficit deepening, following by education expenses. It means that policymakers are facing with trade-off related to old/young population, and that they are mostly oriented toward old population (voters). Classification-JEL: H50, H62, C33 Keywords: Public policies, Fiscal deficit, EU-28, Common correlated effects, Heterogeneous panels Pages: 63-101 Volume: 227 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/227_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:227:i:4:p:63-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maite Bl zquez Author-Email: maite.blazquez@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Author-Name: Santiago Budr a Author-Email: srbudria@comillas.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Antonio Lebrija and IZA Title: The Effects of Over-indebtedness on Individual Health Abstract: This paper uses panel data from four waves (2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011) of the Spanish Survey of Household Finances (EFF) to investigate whether debts burdens hamper people s health. Several measures of debt strain are constructed, including debt-to-income ratios, the existence of debt arrears and amounts of outstanding debts. The paper also differentiates between mortgage and non-mortgage debts. The results, based on a random effects model, show that non-mortgage debt payments and debt arrears are negatively related with people s health. Classification-JEL: G010, I130, I220 Keywords: Over-indebtedness, self-assessed health, random effects model Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 103-131 Volume: 227 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/227_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:227:i:4:p:103-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngeles S nchez Author-Email: sancheza@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Granada Author-Name: Antonio L. P rez-Corral Author-Email: antonioluis.perez@uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valladolid Title: Government Social Expenditure and Income Inequalities in the European Union Abstract: This paper analyzes the relationship between public social expenditure and income inequality distribution in the 28 Member States of the European Union, throughout the period 2005-2014. We estimate dynamic panel models. The results show the existence of a negative correlation between public social expenditure as a whole and income inequality. Distinguishing among different expenditure concepts, the association between social expenditure and income inequality may be different in the emerging Member States as compared to the rest of the States. In the emerging States, spending on health and spending on social protection are negatively associated with income inequality, and in the rest of States, this redistributive function is carried out only by spending on social protection. Spending on education is not significantly related to income inequality in any group of studied countries. Classification-JEL: D31, H51, H52, H53 Keywords: Income inequality, government social expenditure, European Union, System GMM Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 133-156 Volume: 227 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/227_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:227:i:4:p:133-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Carlos Garrido-Rodr guez Author-Email: jcgarrido@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Gemma P rez-L pez Author-Email: gemmapl@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Jos Luis Zafra-G mez Author-Email: jlzafra@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Diego Prior Author-Email: diego.prior@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Estimaci n de la eficiencia a largo plazo en servicios p blicos locales mediante fronteras robustas con datos de panel Abstract: El presente trabajo propone un nuevo m todo para obtener una evaluaci n a largo plazo de la eficiencia mediante la estimaci n de fronteras parciales robustas orden-m, aplicando fronteras globales y fronte ras locales. La aplicaci n al servicio de recogida de residuos para el per odo (2002-2010) permite ob tener indicadores de eficiencia que no var an en funci n del a o analizado, mejorando la toma de de-cisiones en relaci n con la elecci n de las formas de gesti n de los servicios p blicos. Los resultados sugieren el uso de f rmulas privatizadas para los ayuntamientos de mayor tama o, y de f rmulas de cooperaci n para los ayuntamientos de menor tama o. Classification-JEL: C14, C33, H59 Keywords: privatizaci n, cooperaci n intermunicipal, eficiencia municipal, orden-m, datos de panel. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-36 Volume: 226 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/226_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:226:i:3:p:11-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Herrero-Alcalde Author-Email: aherrero@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Nacional de Educaci n a Distancia Author-Name: Jos Manuel Tr nchez Mart n Author-Email: jtranchez@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Nacional de Educaci n a Distancia Author-Name: Mar a Goenaga Ruiz de Zuazu Author-Email: maria.sociologiafiscal@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Revisiting Responsibility Attribution within Multilevel Governments: The Role of Information Abstract: Recent research has shown that citizens living in decentralized countries struggle to identify which level of government is designing and implementing public policies, thus hindering the due accountabil ity process of democracy. This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of citizens re sponsibility attribution by analyzing the Spanish case. A novel methodological approach is used by separately analyzing those citizens who fail to identify the competent level of government and those who did not even give an answer. Besides, two novel hypotheses are tested regarding the process by which information is transmitted to and absorbed by citizens: the impact of regional media and the territorial group bias. After confirming that the methodological strategy is correct, we find strong evi dence that the existence of regional media helps responsibility attribution, thus fostering accountabil ity; while co-official languages, used as a proxy of a group bias, hamper the process by which citizens identify the competent level of government. Classification-JEL: H71, H72, H77 Keywords: Visibility, responsibility attribution, decentralization, regional governments Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-58 Volume: 226 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/226_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:226:i:3:p:37-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luciano Fanti Author-Email: lfanti@ec.unipi.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pisa Author-Name: Domenico Buccella Author-Email: buccella@kozminski.edu.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Kozminski University Title: Social Welfare and Profit-Sharing Rule in a Unionised Duopoly with Profit Tax/Subsidy Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of the introduction of a profit-sharing rule and a profit tax/subsidy (T/S) policy on social welfare in a Cournot duopoly in the presence of decentralized firm-union bar gaining over wage rates. It is shown that 1) the social welfare is always increasing in the share of profits distributed to workers and profit taxation is not neutral: the optimality rule prescribes comple mentarity in their use; 2) although an increasing profit-sharing parameter has conflicting effects (i.e. the net profit accruing to the firms reduces, workers and consumers welfare increase), a sufficiently high profit-sharing rule may be in the interest of the society, because it allows for eliminating the inef ficiency due to the labour market imperfections. Moreover, we show that a third best optimal social welfare (given the institutional constraint of a non-negative wage rate) can be achieved. Interestingly, in this case, firms and workers achieve the maximal welfare. Therefore, we argue that profit- subsidisa tion may be used for motivating firms to apply the socially optimal profit-sharing rule , which war rants Pareto-superior outcomes for producers (firms and workers) (for instance, in the special case of monopoly unions and perfect substitute goods, the rule corresponding to a 50 per cent net profit share distributed to workers, jointly with a 50 per cent profit subsidisation). Classification-JEL: H25, L13, J3, J51 Keywords: Profit-sharing, profit tax/subsidy, social welfare, unions, Cournot duopoly Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 59-84 Volume: 226 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/226_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:226:i:3:p:59-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xisco Oliver Rull n Author-Email: xisco.oliver@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears and Equalitas Author-Name: Joan Rossell Villalonga Author-Email: joan.rossello@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Title: The Determinants of Regional Budget Forecast Errors in Federal Economies: Spain 1995-2013 Abstract: This paper aims to test the relevance of political and institutional variables in explaining revenue and expenditure budget forecast errors. The results, based on aggregate expenditure and revenue data, suggest that the estimates are driven by the causality of expenditure forecast errors on revenue forecast errors and vice versa, which makes it impossible to disentangle the direction of the causality. The results also indicate that public sector debt, as well as some other institutional variables, plays a role in explaining forecast errors. The robustness of the coefficients depend on whether estimates are based on aggregate values rather than on budget items. Classification-JEL: H61, H68, H72, H77 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, forecast errors, tax autonomy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 85-121 Volume: 226 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/226_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:226:i:3:p:85-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Jes s Manceb n Torrubia Author-Email: mjmance@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Domingo P. Xim nez-de-Emb n Author-Email: dpxe@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Adriano Villar-Aldonza Author-Email: adrianovillaraldonza@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Evaluaci n del efecto de la escolarizaci n temprana sobre las habilidades cognitivas y no cognitivas de los ni os de cinco/seis a os. Abstract: En este trabajo se eval a el impacto de la escolarizaci n temprana sobre el desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivas y no cognitivas de los ni os de cinco/seis a os de edad. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se hace uso de una base de datos in dita que procede de un estudio piloto llevado a cabo por el Instituto Na cional de Evaluaci n Educativa (INEE) en el a o 2007. El an lisis emp rico hace uso de t cnicas de Propensity Score Analysis que permiten afrontar el sesgo de selecci n que amenaza las estimaciones. Nuestros resultados muestran que el n mero de a os en que un ni o ha estado escolarizado en educa ci n infantil influye positivamente en las capacidades cognitivas y no cognitivas con que ste accede a la educaci n obligatoria. Classification-JEL: I21, I29 Keywords: educaci n temprana, sesgo de selecci n, propensity score analysis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 123-153 Volume: 226 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/226_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:226:i:3:p:123-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Mart nez-L pez Author-Email: dmarlop1@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Title: Vertical Externalities Revisited: New Results with Public Inputs and Unit Taxation Abstract: This paper studies the provision of public inputs in a federal system. We use a model with vertical tax and expenditure externalities to analyze the efficiency of equilibria under different settings, particularly Nash and Stackelberg equilibria. Our results discuss some findings from the previous literature. First, both vertical externalities are interrelated each other. Second, the condition for production efficiency in the public sector becomes irrelevant to assess optimality. And third, the replication of the second-best outcome by the federal government with limited policy instruments crucially depends on the states reaction function. Classification-JEL: H2, H4, H7 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, vertical externality, productive public spending. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-30 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/225_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:11-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos E. Bosc Author-Email: jose.e.bosca@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Javier Ferri Author-Email: francisco.Ferri@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia. FEDEA Author-Name: Javier Escrib Author-Email: Francisco.j.escriba@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Mar a Jos Murgui Author-Email: maria.j.murgui@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: El impacto del Fondo FEDER (2014-2020) sobre el crecimiento y el empleo de las regiones espa olas Abstract: Se cuantifican los efectos sobre el crecimiento y empleo de los programas cofinanciados con el Fondo FEDER de 2014 a 2020. Los resultados indican un efecto positivo sobre la tasa de creci miento anual del PIB ligeramente superior a tres d cimas, equivalente a un aumento del PIB de 26.000 millones en 2020 y aproximadamente 240.000 empleos m s durante el periodo. Estos resul tados son compatibles con una generaci n de 9 empleos por cada mill n de euros invertidos. El impacto regional de los programas cofinanciados tiende a crear m s empleo y aumentar m s el PIB per c pita en las regiones m s deprimidas econ micamente. Classification-JEL: R11, R58 Keywords: Desarrollo Regional, Fondos Europeos, Modelos de Equilibrio General Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 31-77 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/225_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:31-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Zabalza Author-Email: azabalza@ercros.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: El mecanismo de nivelaci n de la financiaci n auton mica Abstract: El prop sito de este art culo es doble: en primer lugar, analizar el mecanismo de nivelaci n de la financiaci n auton mica a trav s de, por una parte, el sistema vigente y, por la otra, de tres propuestas concretas de reforma aparecidas recientemente Zabalza (2016), De la Fuente (2016) y Vilalta (2016) que ilustran tres formas distintas de abordar esta cuesti n. Y en segundo lugar, presentar un marco anal tico general del que toda una serie de modelos, con un grado distinto de nivelaci n, aparecen como casos particulares. Classification-JEL: H71, H73, H77 Keywords: Mecanismo de nivelaci n, transferencias vertical y horizontal, nivelaci n completa e incompleta. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 79-108 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/225_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:79-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oihana Aristondo Author-Email: Oihana.aristondo@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Title: Poverty Decomposition in Incidence, Intensity and Inequality. A Review Abstract: Every poverty measure should be expressed as a function of three poverty components; incidence, intensity and inequality among the poor. If it is possible, the sources of changes in poverty will be easier to compute, since we are able to know the contribution of each component to the total pover ty change. In this paper, firstly we do a review of the existing poverty decompositions in these three terms. Then, we find new decompositions for some poverty measures and additional ones for others. Summarizing, decompositions in the three terms of poverty can be found for almost all the poverty measures. Classification-JEL: I14, I15, I32 Keywords: Poverty measures, inequality measures, decomposition. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 109-130 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/224_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:109-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos M. Arranz Author-Email: josem.arranz@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Carlos Garc a Serrano Author-Email: carlos.garcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Virginia Hernanz Author-Email: virginia.hernanz@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: Calidad del empleo: una propuesta de ndice y su medici n para el periodo 2005-2013 Abstract: El objetivo de este art culo es presentar un Indicador de Calidad del Empleo (ICE) que puede me dirse para un periodo temporal largo, actualizarse peri dicamente y comparar colectivos de traba jadores. Este indicador est formado por tres dimensiones y se ha construido y medido a partir de la informaci n individual de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL) para el periodo 2005-2013. Las caracter sticas de esta base de datos han permitido calcular el ICE bruto y neto del efecto composici n tanto de forma transversal (para los asalariados de cada a o del periodo considerado) como longitudinal (para los mismos individuos a lo largo del tiempo). Esto se ha hecho adem s distinguiendo a los trabajadores seg n su relaci n contractual. Classification-JEL: J41, J81 Keywords: ndice de calidad del empleo, datos transversales y longitudinales, tipos de contrato, agencias de empleo temporal, efecto composici n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 133-164 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/225_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:133-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez I Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Joan Rossell Villaonga Author-Email: joan.rossello@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de les Illes Balears Title: A prop sito El c lculo de las necesidades de gasto regionales: notas para la discusi n de ngel de la Fuente, publicado en el n 223-(4/2017) Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 167-174 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/225_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:167-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA e Instituto de An lisis Econ mico Title: Respuesta a Guillem L pez i Casasnovas y Joan Rossell Villalonga Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 175-177 Volume: 225 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/225_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:225:i:2:p:175-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Ja n-Garc a Author-Email: mjaen@ual.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Almer a Title: Wagner s Law: A Revision and a New Empirical Estimation Abstract: This study conducts an analysis of the various theoretical and practical problems related to Wagner s Law on the growth in public spending. As a contribution, and with the intention of offering a new perspective in considering this principle, this paper puts Wagner s Law to the test for the first time using public employment as a measure of public spending, which is in line with recommendations by Peacock and Scott (2000). In the empirical contrast we use unit root techniques and cointegration with structural breakpoints. The result obtained leads us to reject the law for Spain based on the belief that there are variables other than that GDP which influence public spending growth. Classification-JEL: H11, H50, E62 Keywords: Public expenditure, gross domestic product, unit root, cointegration, break points. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 13-35 Volume: 224 Issue: 1 Year: 2018 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/224_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:224:i:1:p:13-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ram n Barber n Ort Author-Email: barberan@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Ezequiel Uriel Jim nez Author-Email: ezequiel.uriel@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Balanzas fiscales y redistribuci n territorial en Espa a, 1991-2011 Abstract: Este art culo presenta una nueva serie homog nea para el periodo 1991-2011 de las balanzas fiscales entre la administraci n p blica central y cada uno de los diecinueve territorios auton micos espa oles, obtenida aplicando el enfoque de c lculo de carga-beneficio. Adem s, analiza esta nueva serie, aten diendo primero a los flujos fiscales observados y, seguidamente, a los efectos redistributivos interterri-toriales de tales flujos. En concreto, establece la funci n redistributiva que desempe a cada territorio si de contribuyente o de beneficiario neto- y mide las disfunciones o desajustes con respecto a la norma adoptada como referencia. El an lisis se basa en la media de los valores de los veinti n a os de la serie. Classification-JEL: H22, H50, H60, H77 Keywords: balanzas fiscales territoriales, redistribuci n territorial, administraci n p blica central, Espa a. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-85 Volume: 224 Issue: 1 Year: 2018 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/224_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:224:i:1:p:37-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Garc a Nicol s Author-Email: Cristina.Garcia@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Jos Mar a Cantos Cantos Author-Email: JoseMaria.Cantos@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Title: Regional Community Policy: Does Aid Received from the EU Displace Funding by Member States? Abstract: The implementation of the EU regional policy has been characterized by the establishment of multian nual public investment programs in the Member States that are co-financed by the EU through mat ching grants. According to the additionality principle, governments receiving aid should increase their financial efforts in relation to the pre-existing situation. Using data on the implementation of regional policy, this paper has two aims: to verify whether Community aid displaces local funds for public in vestment, and to uncover whether there is endogenous behaviour regarding Community aid as a result of local political processes. We have obtained evidence that funding from the EU crowd-out local fi nancing of public investment. On the other hand, although there is some evidence of an endogenous behaviour of Community aid, we find that this endogeneity is not statistically significant. Classification-JEL: H77, R58 Keywords: Regional policy, intergovernmental transfers, public investment. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 87-112 Volume: 224 Issue: 1 Year: 2018 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/224_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:224:i:1:p:87-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Garc a Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Juan M. Nave Author-Email: juan.nave@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Title: Impacto en las prestaciones de jubilaci n de la reforma del sistema p blico de pensiones espa ol Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el efecto directo que sobre las prestaciones por jubilaci n tiene la reforma del sistema p blico espa ol de pensiones llevada a cabo recientemente. Aplicando Modelos de Micro Simulaci n a una muestra de 5.025 vidas laborales de individuos que se jubilaron en 2011, se con cluye que la reforma tiene una incidencia media negativa en las dos variables analizadas: la pensi n inicial y la edad de jubilaci n. No obstante, cuando se analiza la incidencia por deciles, se observan en ambas variables efectos de distinta magnitud y signo, as como una elevada correlaci n entre dichos efectos. Classification-JEL: H55, I38, J14, J26 Keywords: edad de jubilaci n, modelos de micro simulaci n, pensi n inicial, reforma param trica, sistema p blico de pensiones espa ol Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 113-137 Volume: 224 Issue: 1 Year: 2018 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/224_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:224:i:1:p:113-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco de Castro Author-Email: Francisco.De-CASTRO@ec.europa.eu Author-Workplace-Name: European Commission Author-Name: Francisco Mart Author-Email: fcomarti@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Antonio Montesinos Author-Email: amontesinos@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Javier J. P rez Author-Email: javierperez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Antonio Jes s S nchez Fuentes Author-Email: antoniojesus.sanchez@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (UCM)&GEN Title: A Quarterly Fiscal Database Fit for Macroeconomic Analysis Abstract: The study of the macroeconomic effects of tax changes and public spending plans has regained footing recently. Nevertheless, in many occasions, the shortcomings of available official data pose limits to the type of approach analysts can pursue. While this issue receives traditionally limited attention, it is of utmost relevance for policy makers and academics alike. Against this framework, in this paper we construct a quite disaggregated quarterly fiscal database of Spanish seasonallyadjusted public finance variables for the period 1986Q1-2015Q4, in national accounts terms. Following a recent strand of the literature, we pose special emphasis on the models and data ingredients used. The later includes a rich set of input fiscal data taken from budgetary accounts. We illustrate the use of our data by providing key stylized facts on the cyclical properties of fiscal policies over the past three decades. Classification-JEL: E62, E65, H6, C3, C82 Keywords: Fiscal data, fiscal policies, mixed-frequencies, time-series models Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 139-155 Volume: 224 Issue: 1 Year: 2018 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/224_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2018:v:224:i:1:p:139-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel- ngel L pez Garc a Author-Email: miguelangel.lopez@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Ya no hay desgravaciones por vivienda. Pero puede haber pol tica impositiva dirigida a la vivienda? Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir algunos aspectos de la relaci n entre pol tica impositiva y pol tica de vivienda. Para ello se exploran las consecuencias de la distinci n entre los incentivos al ahorro (pol ticas universales que no distinguen entre las viviendas pre-existentes y las de nueva creaci n) y los incentivos a la inversi n (pol ticas selectivas dirigidas espec ficamente a las viviendas nuevas). Se argumenta que tras la eliminaci n de las desgravaciones por adquisici n de vivienda, el ordenamiento fiscal en Espa a es equivalente a la conjunci n de un incentivo al ahorro negativo y de un incentivo a la inversi n negativo. Se discuten tambi n los efectos sobre el precio de la vivienda (tanto nueva como usada) y el stock de capital residencial de diversos impuestos que recaen tanto sobre las transacciones de viviendas nuevas como de las viviendas usadas. Classification-JEL: E62, H22, H24, R21, R31 Keywords: mercado de vivienda, pol tica de vivienda, pol tica impositiva. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-26 Volume: 223 Issue: 4 Year: 2017 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/223_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:223:i:4:p:11-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Contreras Author-Email: jcontreg@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Julio Angulo Author-Email: ja@grupoicis.com Author-Workplace-Name: Partner at ICIS (International Center for Infrastructure Solutions) Title: Valuing Governmental Support in Road PPPs Abstract: Every year more transport infrastructures are built under long-term contracts with private partners. When using public-private partnerships (PPPs), the amounts invested in the construction of such infrastructures may not be counted as public debt if certain conditions are met. But in PPPs, host governments often make payments and provide financial support, through various channels, generating direct and/or contingent financial liabilities. By using an option pricing-based model, this paper offers a method to quantify those liabilities for various forms of road PPPs. In particular, we focus on valuing debt guarantees, equity guarantees, and minimum revenue guarantees. Our method takes into account that in road infrastructures, the governmental payments are typically a function of the evolution of both inflation and traffic. We use an illustrative case for showing the magnitude of the contingent debt implied in such guarantees. Classification-JEL: H54, H63, H68 Keywords: Option pricing, public-private partnerships, concessions contracts, contingent liabilities, public budget. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-66 Volume: 223 Issue: 4 Year: 2017 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/223_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:223:i:4:p:37-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Zabalza Author-Email: azabalza@ercros.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Un nuevo mecanismo de actualizaci n para el sistema de financiaci n auton mica Abstract: Este art culo argumenta que el mecanismo vigente de actualizaci n del modelo de financiaci n auton mica pr cticamente ignora la evoluci n de las necesidades, es muy proc clico y no mantiene la equidad horizontal a lo largo del tiempo; y propone un nuevo mecanismo basado en la evoluci n de las necesidades y de los gastos salariales de las Administraciones P blicas que a sla la evoluci n de los recursos normativos del ciclo econ mico y mantiene la equidad horizontal. Classification-JEL: H71, H73, H77 Keywords: financiaci n auton mica, mecanismo de actualizaci n, prociclicidad, equidad horizontal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-100 Volume: 223 Issue: 4 Year: 2017 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/223_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:223:i:4:p:67-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gemma Abio Author-Email: abio@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Concepci Patxot Author-Email: cio.patxot@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Elisenda Renter a Author-Email: erenteria@ced.uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Guadalupe Souto Author-Email: guadalupe.souto@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Intergenerational Transfers in Spain: The Role of Education Abstract: This paper shows the estimates of National Transfer Accounts (NTA) for Spain in 2006 disaggregated by education level. Overall, our results indicate that, besides age population composition, education level has a big impact on the economic behavior of households and, hence, on the aggregate economy. Educated households tend to participate more and longer in the labor market, to produce more and, consequently, to consume more. As differences in consumption are lower than in labor income, they are able to contribute to the public system with higher taxes and contributions, and they depend less on public transfers over their lifecycle. Therefore, education seems to be crucial to sustain the welfare state in an ageing society. Classification-JEL: H53, I28, I38 Keywords: Ageing, education, intergenerational transfers, public transfers, welfare state. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 101-130 Volume: 223 Issue: 4 Year: 2017 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/223_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:223:i:4:p:101-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA e Instituto de An lisis Econ mico (CSIC) Title: El c lculo de las necesidades de gasto regionales: notas para la discusi n Abstract: En este trabajo se repasa el procedimiento de c lculo de las necesidades de gasto que se utiliza en el sistema de financiaci n auton mica espa ol y se discuten posibles mejoras del mismo. Los cambios contemplados incluyen ligar las ponderaciones de las variables de reparto al patr n observado de gasto, la inclusi n de nuevos indicadores no recogidos en el modelo actual, el desdoblamiento de otros ya existentes y la introducci n de correcciones por niveles de precios y de renta. El estudio incluye una propuesta espec fica para la modificaci n inmediata de la actual f rmula de reparto y una cuantificaci n de sus implicaciones. Classification-JEL: H70 Keywords: necesidades de gasto, financiaci n auton mica. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 109-134 Volume: 223 Issue: 4 Year: 2017 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/223_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:223:i:3:p:109-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xisco Oliver Author-Email: xisco.oliver@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Author-Name: Amedeo Spadaro Author-Email: amedeo.spadaro@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Title: Active Welfare State Policies and Labour Supply in Spain Abstract: This paper shows the effect of tax reforms aimed at encouraging Spanish mothers to join the labour market (or not to abandon it). The simulated reforms replace the current in-work benefit (of 100 a month) with more generous scenarios. The analysis is conducted using a behavioural microsimulation model of the Spanish tax-benefit system. The results show that in-work benefits boost the female labour participation rate and labour supply of low-income households (those with higher elasticities). Indeed there is an improvement in social welfare, but we should not overlook the impact on tax revenue. Classification-JEL: D31, H21, H23, C25, H31, J22 Keywords: Microsimulation, tax policy, labour supply, in-work benefit Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-41 Volume: 222 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/222_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:222:i:3:p:9-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Po-Chin Wu Author-Email: pochin@cycu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Chung Yuan Christian University Author-Name: Shiao-Yen Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Chung Yuan Christian University Author-Name: Tsai-Yuan Huang Author-Workplace-Name: National Pingtung University Title: Non-linear Growth-Determinants Nexus: The Role of Sovereign Debt Abstract: We expand the new growth model as a panel smooth transition regression specification to measure the effects of determinants on growth and the role of debt ratio in the growth-determinants nexus. In the model, we consider new determinants (FDI, export and tourism) and use a two-period lagged debt- GDP ratio as the transition variable. The effects of determinants on growth vary across countries and with time, depending on the value of the transition variable. The threshold of the debt-GDP ratio (73.019%) is a referenced index to set the ceiling of debt-GDP ratio for the fiscal stability. For countries with high debt ratios, the policies to accumulate human capital and promote tourism are more effective in boosting growth than to stimulate domestic physical investment and export. For countries with low debt ratios, the conclusion is opposite. Thus, lowering debt ratio is not always favorable for the contri-butions of individual determinants to growth. Classification-JEL: O40, H63, C23, C24 Keywords: Panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model, debt-GDP ratio, new growth theory, foreign direct investment (FDI), international tourism receipts Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 43-63 Volume: 222 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/222_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:221:i:3:p:43-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Crist bal Campoy Author-Email: juancris@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Juan Carlos Negrete Author-Email: jcnegret@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: Distortionary Taxation and Central Bank Design in a Monetary Union Abstract: We consider a monetary union where distortionary taxation leads to the classical inflation bias in dis cretionary monetary policy. We show that a more generous welfare state requires a more conservative central bank. This result rationalizes the perception that the European Central Bank is more focused than the U.S. Federal Reserve on putting a lid on inflation but less worried about deflation. Besides, when an economic crisis increases the welfare state costs for countries in the periphery of the union, making the common central bank more conservative will improve welfare not only in the core countries but also in the periphery. Classification-JEL: E52, E58 Keywords: Central Bank Design, Monetary Union, Fiscal Policies Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 65-90 Volume: 222 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/222_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:222:i:3:p:65-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristian F. Sep lveda Author-Email: cristian.sepulveda@farmingdale.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Farmingdale State College Title: Flypaper effect, intergovernmental transfers, income and substitution effects, marginal cost of public funds. Abstract: This paper provides a new explanation for the flypaper effect, a well known empirical result whereby transfers to a government increase public expenditures more than an equal amount of additional tax payers income. The flypaper effect is fully explained by taxpayers behavioral responses to the tax rate and income. A lump-sum increase in income is shown to lead to three effects on optimal government decisions that have not yet been described in the literature. The flypaper effect arises simply because public expenditures are cheaper when financed with intergovernmental transfers. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 91-108 Volume: 222 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/222_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:222:i:3:p:91-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oriol Roch Author-Email: oroch@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Manuela Bosch-Pr ncep Author-Email: manubosch@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Isabel Morillo Author-Email: imorillo@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Daniel Vilalta Author-Email: daniel.vilalta@enginyers.net Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: A Revision of the Revaluation Index of Spanish Pensions Abstract: This article reviews the methodological aspects of the revaluation index of Spanish pensions developed following Law 23/2013 which regulates the sustainability factor and revaluation index of the Social Security pension system. From a gradual breakdown of the elements that make up the revaluation index, an exposition is given of the formal and implementation problems it involves. Finally, an alternative model based on dynamic optimization techniques is proposed and its use is illustrated with numerical examples. Classification-JEL: H55, J26 Keywords: Revaluation index, automatic balancing mechanisms, Spanish Social Security System Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 109-134 Volume: 222 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/222_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:222:i:3:p:109-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernanda Guti rrez-Navratil Author-Email: luifergu2002@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Author-Name: V ctor Fern ndez-Blanco Author-Email: vfernan@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Luis Orea S nchez Author-Email: lorea@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Juan Prieto Rodr guez Author-Email: juanprieto@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Do Movie Majors Really Collude? Indirect Evidence from Release Schedules Abstract: Major Hollywood films studios and their affiliated local distributors have a dominant market share in the main international movie markets, but their competitive behavior has come under suspicion. In 2006, the Spanish Competition Court fined these Majors for anticompetitive practices. Our aim is to evaluate the presence (or absence) of collusive behavior among Majors during the 2002-2009 period. Because the release date is a critical variable of competition, we test whether Majors are coordinating their release schedules. Our results suggest that Majors achieve a larger degree of coordination in their release schedules than other distributors. Classification-JEL: L41, Z10 Keywords: Temporal competition, movie exhibition, movie industry, collusion, product differentiation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-31 Volume: 221 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/221_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:221:i:2:p:9-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Casacuberta Author-Email: ccasacuberta@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: FCS, UdelaR, Uruguay Title: Non-profit Firm Models and Museum Demand Estimation Abstract: A version of Hansmann (1981) economic model of non profit institutions is analyzed to derive museums pricing schedules. These are paired with demand for museum attendance derived from utility maximisation by heterogeneous consumers that care for museum characteristics, in order to provide an empirical strategy to identify museum demand based on the usual micro database including museum prices, attendance and characteristics, as well as socio demographic indicators of hosting towns. Following the empirical literature we address the endogeneity of observed prices and the large number of zero price observations. To tackle them we propose an instrumental variable estimation, while also using selection correction techniques. The model is estimated using data from the 2007 Census of Uruguayan Museums. We do not find a significant effect of price on attendance. Classification-JEL: Z1. Keywords: Economics of museums, Economics of arts and culture Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 33-45 Volume: 221 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/221_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:221:i:2:p:33-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Soto O ate Author-Email: davidsoto@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: On the Cultural Legacy of Political Institutions: Evidence from the Spanish Regions Abstract: In the last decades, numerous studies have argued that political institutions are able to leave a persistent cultural legacy. Spain today presents a geographically concentrated distribution of societal traits that are related to social and political participation. This paper examines the possible historical origin of these regional patterns and concludes a) that those regions that historically experienced more inclusive political systems exhibit currently higher levels of this culture of participation and b) that inclusive institutions are able to leave a more intense cultural legacy when they are more proximate to the bulk of the population. This thesis is robust to controlling for other possible determinants Classification-JEL: Z13, D70, N93, P16 Keywords: Political culture, social capital, institutional economics, political economy, institutional performance. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 47-82 Volume: 221 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/221_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:221:i:2:p:47-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrej Srakar Author-Email: andrej_srakar@t-2.net Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ljubljana Author-Name: Marilena Vecco Author-Email: mari.vecco@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universit Bourgogne Franche-Comt Author-Name: kos T th Author-Email: tothaki@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Researcher in Cultural Economics, Hungary Title: The Tale of the Cuts and Raises: Public Budgets for Culture in the European Countries During the Financial Crisis Abstract: The article examines to what extent the public financing of the cultural sector was different, compared to other economic sectors of the economy in crisis. We perform an econometric analysis on the Eurostat COFOG dataset for 29 European countries in years 1990-2014. The results show that cuts in the cultural sector were present at general, central and local levels, yet happened with different characteristics than for other sectors of the economy. Also, the dynamics of public budgets for culture during the crisis significantly differed across the analysed countries and cuts were not present on a uniform level. Classification-JEL: Z11, Z18, H50, H60, H72, C33 Keywords: European Countries, Public budgets for culture, Financial crisis, Blundell-Bond models, Institutional quality. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 83-109 Volume: 221 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/221_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:221:i:2:p:83-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy J. Goodspeed Author-Email: tgoodspe@hunter.cuny.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY. CES-Ifo. GEN Title: Bailouts and Soft Budget Constraints in Decentralized Government: A Synthesis and Survey of an Alternative View of Intergovernmental Grant Policy Abstract: This paper selectively surveys the theoretical literature to date on governmental soft budgets where governments are bailing out other governments. The traditional view of intergovernmental grants is that grants can be used by the central government to correct for positive spillover externalities or fiscal equalization. We first we explain how the set-up of the developing soft budget constraint view of grant policy differs from the traditional view in fundamental ways. We then use a simple workhorse model of intergovernmental soft budgets under perfect information to examine different motivations for central government bailouts and expand the usual textbook analysis of grants to illustrate the intertemporal distortions under the alternative view of grants. This type of model has been extended in various directions. We examine extensions that include capital taxation, tax competition, forms of equalizing grants, overlapping budget constraints, multiple grant instruments, and the case when public spending is an input to private production. We also briefly review certain papers that examine intergovernmental soft budgets and bailouts when public investment has uncertain returns, a feature of the original models relating to SOEs, and a closely related literature that deals with decentralized leadership and an analogy to Becker s Rotten Kid Theorem. We conclude with some thoughts on directions for future research. Classification-JEL: H61, H7, H77 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, soft budget constraint, bailouts, decentralization, grants Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 113-134 Volume: 221 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/221_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:221:i:2:p:113-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Rosell Villalonga Author-Email: joan.rossello@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Title: Does Decentralization in the Provision of Higher Education Increase Quality of Education? Abstract: In this paper we analyze to what extent devolution of responsibilities in higher education to subnational levels of government affects quality of higher education. We isolate the effects on quality of education due to the type of regime of provision of public goods from those due to mobility restrictions. Our results suggest that average quality of education might be higher in a decentralized regime compared to a centralized provision, under the assumption of student mobility restrictions, since decentralized provision would allow all students with high academic performance to access higher education. In case that public expenditure in higher education by regional governments was larger to that of a central government, the previous result would be reinforced. However, this comparison is undetermined as far as the central government decided to provide higher education in each region, which would occur if fixed costs were small and if the impact on quality of education of those students that would then have access to higher education was large. Classification-JEL: H42, I28 Keywords: School choice, State and federal aid, Decentralization, Quality of higher education. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 13-55 Volume: 220 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/220_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:220:i:1:p:13-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonel Cerno Author-Email: leonel.CERNO@ec.europa.eu Author-Workplace-Name: Eurostat Author-Name: C sar P rez L pez Author-Email: cesar.perez@ief.minhafp.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Eduardo Sanz Arcega Author-Email: eduardosanzarcega@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Ceu San Pablo Title: Determinantes de la satisfacci n de los espa oles con las prestaciones y servicios p blicos: un enfoque de sociolog a tributaria con microdatos Abstract: Este trabajo analiza emp ricamente los determinantes de la satisfacci n de los espa oles con el conjun to de prestaciones y servicios p blicos. Con base en Teor a de la desconfirmaci n de expectativas y los desarrollos de la ciencia pol tica, desde el punto de vista te rico se detalla los factores que modulan la satisfacci n de los ciudadanos con los bienes y servicios. Novedosamente, se ampl a el concepto de satisfacci n para incluir dentro de l la perspectiva tributaria. Acto seguido, con los datos contenidos en la matriz Bar metro Fiscal IEF 2003-2014 se plantea una aplicaci n emp rica sobre el caso espa ol para el periodo 2003-2014. Los resultados obtenidos confirman las predicciones te ricas. Classification-JEL: H11, H40, H53, M38, Z13 Keywords: Prestaciones y servicios p blicos, satisfacci n ciudadana, Teor a de la desconfirmaci n de expectativas, Bar metro Fiscal del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, modelos probit. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-87 Volume: 220 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/220_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:220:i:1:p:57-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Jos Collado Mu oz Author-Email: fcallado.unizar@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Centro Universitario de la Defensa Author-Name: Elena del Rey Canteli Author-Email: elena.delrey@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Girona Author-Name: Natalia Utrero Gonz lez Author-Email: n.utrero@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centro Universitario de la Defensa Title: Estimating taxpayer subsidies and individual repayment burdens of a student loan program in Spain Abstract: We study the program Pr stamos Renta Universidad that provided loans to Master s students in Spain between 2007 and 2010. We estimate predicted income functions and calculate individual repayment burdens and government cost using unconditional quantile regression analysis. We exploit the changing conditions of the successive calls to illustrate three important lessons for the design of student loan schemes: fixed monthly repayments exert an excessive burden to graduates at the lower end of the in come distribution; general interest rate subsidies are costly to the taxpayer and unfairly distributed; while the deferment of payments due in case of hardship protects low earners, general grace periods are costly and inequitable. Classification-JEL: I22 Keywords: Educational finance, Student loans, Repayment burd Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 89-106 Volume: 220 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/220_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:220:i:1:p:89-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Ayala Ca n Author-Email: luis.ayala@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: ngela Triguero Cano Author-Email: Angela.Triguero@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Title: Economic Downturns, Endogenous Government Policy and Welfare Caseloads Abstract: Governments can soften the impact of the business cycle on welfare spending. Depending on the political costs and the extent of unemployment, they might choose between a decrease in the proportion of accepted applications, a decrease in the level of benefits, or some combination of the two. This paper is motivated by this concern, weaving together the intensive literature on the determinants of welfare caseloads and the fundamentals of public choice theory applied to the design of welfare programs. The paper is based on data from the minimum income program of Catalonia s government (PIRMI). We use autoregressive distributed lag models to find that the generosity of the program is clearly predictive of the receipt of benefits even in contexts of high and growing unemployment rates. We also find a fairly strong correlation between unemployment growth and the proportion of rejected applications and a trade-off between the level of benefits and rejections. Classification-JEL: I30, I38, C22 Keywords: Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 107-136 Volume: 220 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/220_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:220:i:1:p:107-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paola Profeta Author-Email: paola.profeta@unibocconi.it Author-Workplace-Name: Bocconi University Author-Name: Simona Scabrosetti Author-Email: simona.scabrosetti@unibocconi.it Author-Workplace-Name: Universit di Pavia Title: The Political Economy of Taxation in Europe Abstract: Political variables play a crucial role in shaping tax systems and tax reforms in Europe. This paper presents new evidence on the relationship between political factors and tax design in European coun tries. For the period 1995-2012, we find that, when the country s ruling coalition is left-wing, income taxes become more relevant. Moreover, when the largest government party is more powerful, the share of property taxes over GDP increases, while the number of seats held by the second government party is positively associated with the level of consumption taxes over GDP. We also find that a more power ful government is associated with a lower top tax rate of the personal income tax (PIT). Building upon this evidence, we review the main arguments developed by the empirical political economy literature on taxation and discuss the role of political factors in fundamental issues of taxation: redistribution and progressivity; tax design and its impact on growth; tax complexity; tax administration; tax competition; and the need for tax reforms. Classification-JEL: H20, P16 Keywords: tax design, tax reforms, party, redistribution, growth Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 139-172 Volume: 220 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/220_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2017:v:220:i:1:p:139-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonel Muinelo-Gallo Author-Email: ANDRESMU@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Econom a de la Universidad de la Rep blica - Uruguay Author-Name: Adri n Rodr guez-Miranda Author-Email: adrianrm@iecon.ccee.edu.uy Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Econom a de la Universidad de la Rep blica - Uruguay Author-Name: Pablo Castro-Scavone Author-Email: pablo.castro@iecon.ccee.edu.uy Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Econom a de la Universidad de la Rep blica - Uruguay Title: Intergovernmental Transfers and Regional Income Inequalities: An Empirical Analysis of Uruguay Abstract: In this paper we explore the bidirectional relationship between intergovernmental transfers and regional income inequalities in Uruguay. Our study is based on the construction of a simultaneous equations model that is designed to capture the factors that jointly determine these endogenous variables, and employs a panel of departments (regions) over the period 1990-2012. The empirical results show that central government transfers to regional governments do not have a significant impact on regional income inequality levels. In fact, our estimates support the idea that regional inequalities have a significant and negative impact on the allocation to regions of intergovernmental transfers in that the richest regions receive greater transfers per capita. Intergovernmental per capita transfers also are positively determined by past public expenditure executed by regional governments, and negatively affected by the population size of the departments. These results have clear policy implications as they show that the normative scheme governing intergovernmental regional transfers in Uruguay must be revised if the objective is to give the country greater territorial cohesion. Classification-JEL: C33, H77, R11 Keywords: intergovernmental transfers, regional inequalities, panel data, simultaneous equations, Uruguay. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-34 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:9-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andres Felipe Mu oz Author-Email: ANDRESMU@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Author-Name: Gustavo Axel Radics Author-Email: axelradics@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Author-Name: Claudia Bone Author-Email: claudiabone@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Title: Subnational Fiscal Disparities and Intergovermental Transfers in LAC Abstract: We document the presence of fiscal disparities among subnational governments (SNG) in Latin America and show the limitations of existing intergovernmental transfer systems to reduce them. For 11 countries in the region during 2000-12, we find that, although transfers reduce disparities in own revenues, the remaining fiscal disparities among SNG are still considerable. We also show that fiscal transfers are distributed without consideration of fiscal capacity and explicit measures of expenditure needs, hampering their equalization potential. Our findings suggest that the introduction of equalization transfers can contribute to tackle more effectively the subnational fiscal disparities and hence improve regional equity. Classification-JEL: H25, H71, H73, H77 Keywords: decentralization, fiscal disparities, inequity, transfers, equalization Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 35-66 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:35-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Ardanaz Author-Email: MARTINA@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Author-Name: Ana Corbacho Author-Email: acorbacho@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: International Monetary Fund Author-Name: Alberto Gonzales Author-Email: albertopg@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: INSEAD Author-Name: Nuria Tolsa Author-Email: nuriat@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Title: Evaluating Fiscal Performance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Structural Balance Estimates from an Original Dataset Abstract: In recent years, an increasing number of countries have began anchoring their fiscal policy frameworks in terms of rules that target the cyclically adjusted or structural (as opposed to actual) balance in an effort to overcome problems of procyclicality and fiscal volatility. The logic for doing so is in principle compelling: rule-based fiscal policies allow automatic stabilizers to work freely during the cycle and help accumulate fiscal surpluses in good times. However, the estimation of structural balances is subject to a number of methodological challenges, including the degree of estimation uncertainty. This paper presents a range of estimates of the structural budget balance and uses them to analyze the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on an original dataset comprising detailed fiscal information from 20 countries across the region between 1990 and 2014, the paper finds that the range of estimates can be large for some countries, especially those that derive substantial fiscal revenue from commodity-related activities. In addition, the evidence shows that on average, the region has followed a procyclical policy pattern: a 1 percent increase in the output gap is associated with up to a 0.55 percentage point deterioration in the structural primary balance. This pattern hides substantial regional heterogeneity: procyclicality is more marked in countries that face large terms of trade shocks, but it can be counteracted by higher institutional quality. Classification-JEL: E62, E32, E02 Keywords: structural fiscal balances, cyclicality, business cycle, commodity prices, institutions Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-92 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:67-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monica Brezzi Author-Email: monica.brezzi@coebank.org Author-Workplace-Name: Council of Europe Development Bank Author-Name: Luiz de Mello Author-Email: Luiz.DEMELLO@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Inequalities in Latin America: Trends and implications for Policy Abstract: A growing empirical literature has focused on the drivers of the remarkable reduction, albeit from comparatively high levels, in income disparities in the vast majority of Latin American countries since the 1990s. This is unlike most other parts of the world, including the OECD area, where income inequality has actually been rising. This improvement in the distribution of income has contributed to a reduction in the incidence of poverty in the region, although vulnerable groups face the risk of falling back into poverty if the economic environment deteriorates. Structural factors, such as a reduction in skill premia and labour income gains at the lower end of the income distribution, coupled with increased government spending on redistributive programmes, have been the main drivers of the reduction in inequality. Short-term, cyclical factors, including GDP growth and sizeable terms-of-trade gains in the resource-based economies, have played a relatively smaller role. Importantly, inequalities have also narrowed in non-income outcomes, such as educational attainment, the health status of the population and employment, which matter for people s wellbeing. Classification-JEL: D30, D60, I30 Keywords: income distribution, poverty, Latin America Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 93-120 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:93-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nora Lustig Author-Email: nlustig@tulane.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Tulane University Author-Name: Claudiney Pereira Author-Email: Claudiney.Pereira@asu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Arizona State University Title: The Impact of the Tax System and Social Spending in Income Redistribution and Poverty Reduction in Latin America Abstract: How much redistribution and poverty reduction is being accomplished through the tax system and social spending in Latin America? This paper summarizes results from applying a comparable fiscal incidence analysis to nine countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. Using the Gini coefficient as an indicator, Brazil lowers income in equality through direct taxes and transfers the most and Guatemala lowers it the least. Public spend ing in education and health have higher equalizing effects than other transfers. Adding the effect of indirect taxes leaves poverty higher than market income poverty in Bolivia, Brazil, and Guatemala Classification-JEL: D31, H22, I38, O54 Keywords: fiscal incidence, inequality, poverty, social spending, Latin America Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 121-136 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:121-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Daude Author-Email: christian.daude@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) Author-Name: Christine de la Maisonneuve Author-Email: Christine.MAISONNEUVE@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Title: Subnational fiscal sustainability, risk sharing and fiscal fatigue in Colombia Abstract: Colombia has engaged in a sustained process of fiscal decentralisation over the past decades. This paper analyses three aspects of fiscal performance for Colombia s departments. First, it studies the sustainability aspects of subnational finances by estimating a fiscal reaction function. Evidence is presented that the current framework is conducive to fiscal sustainability, especially after the reforms in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Second, the paper analyses the impact of transfers and oil and mining royalties and the effort to raise own tax revenues at the departmental level. Overall, there is little evidence of a negative effect of transfers from the central government on departmental tax revenue, the so-called fiscal fatigue . Finally, the paper presents evidence of a limited degree of risk sharing of departmental idiosyncratic shocks, as transfers from the central government are mostly pro-cyclical. Classification-JEL: C1, E62, H7 Keywords: subnational finances, fiscal fatigue, risk sharing, transfers, royalties, fiscal reaction function Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 137-160 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:137-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andres Felipe Mu oz Author-Email: ANDRESMU@iadb.org Author-Workplace-Name: Inter-American Development Bank Title: Strategic fiscal interactions among local Governments in Colombia Abstract: Using spatial panel data from most municipalities in Colombia for the period 2000-09, this paper pro-vides empirical evidence of the existence of strategic fiscal interactions in property and business taxation. However, there is little evidence of cut-throat tax competition that leads to a race to the bottom. Also, this paper shows that differences in property tax rates affect local election results and the popularity of the main political parties in the local councils, signaling the presence of yardstick competition in this source. The results suggest that country does not seem to require policy measures aimed at attenuating municipal tax competition. Classification-JEL: H71, H73, H77 Keywords: Decentralization, strategic fiscal interaction, tax competition, yardstick Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 161-188 Volume: 219 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/219_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:219:i:4:p:161-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juli n D az Saavedra Author-Email: julianalbertodiaz@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Productividad y viabilidad del sistema P blico de Pensiones Abstract: Uno de los debates actuales acerca de las pensiones en Espa a se centra en si el crecimiento sostenido de la productividad laboral resolver a en gran medida los problemas de sostenibilidad del sistema p blico de pensiones, y si se deber an derogar las reformas del sistema aprobadas en 2011 y 2013. Este trabajo utiliza un modelo computable de generaciones solapadas para cuantificar el crecimiento de la productividad laboral necesario para alcanzar el equilibrio presupuestario durante las pr ximas d cadas del sistema de pensiones vigente en 2010. Los resultados indican que en el mejor de los casos, se necesitar a una tasa de crecimiento anual superior al 4 por ciento hasta el a o 2050. Pero adem s, ser a necesario, que el envejecimiento poblacional durante las pr ximas d cadas fuera menor al actualmente proyectado por el INE, que el gobierno implemente lo que se conoce como Reforma Silenciosa, y que los trabajadores incrementen sustancialmente la duraci n de sus vidas laborales. Classification-JEL: C68, H55, J26 Keywords: Equilibrio general computable, seguridad social, jubilaci n Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-32 Volume: 218 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/218_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:218:i:3:p:11-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gloria Alarc n Garc a Author-Email: gloria@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Jos Daniel Buend a Azor n Author-Email: jdbuen@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Mar a del Mar S nchez Vega Author-Email: marvega@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: El rechazo al fraude fiscal en Espa a: antes y despu s de la Gran crisis Abstract: Este trabajo analiza el rechazo al fraude fiscal en Espa a antes y despu s de la Gran Depresi n y estudia el papel de factores internos o individuales y contextuales, sociales o institucionales. Los resultados del modelo logit utilizado reflejan que el rechazo al fraude fiscal depende positivamente de variables indi viduales como la edad y la educaci n y contextuales como el gasto p blico y el resultado electoral del partido gobernante. Por el contrario, altos niveles de desempleo y recaudaci n fiscal, elevado peso del sector de la construcci n y mayor desigualdad influyen negativamente en la moral fiscal. La principal diferencia entre 2007 y 2013 es la magnitud de la influencia de estas variables Classification-JEL: C25, H26, K42. Keywords: modelos de elecci n discreta, conciencia fiscal, fraude fiscal, cumplimiento fiscal Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 33-56 Volume: 218 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/218_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:218:i:3:p:33-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan A. Rom n Aso Author-Email: juananromanaso@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: CESTE, International Business School Author-Name: Jaime Vall s Gim nez Author-Email: jvalles@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Air Emissions Performance: A Dynamic Analysis for Spain Abstract: This paper investigates the dynamic performance of air pollution in Spain from 1960 to 2010. First, we evaluate the relationship between economic growth and pollution through the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Second, we test the hypothesis of regional convergence in air pollution intensity from 1995 to 2010, in order to analyse whether regional taxes intended to abate emissions have been effective. For the first issue, our results show that a quadratic relationship is satisfied, but an out-of-sample turning point is generated. For the second, regional convergence is rejected, although those regions which haveimplemented a pollution tax seem to perform differently. Classification-JEL: N50, O13, Q20 Keywords: Dynamic performance, Air pollution tax. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-78 Volume: 218 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/218_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:218:i:3:p:57-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosa Mart nez Author-Email: rosa.martinez.lopez@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Carolina Navarro Author-Email: cnavarro@cee.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: UNED Title: Has the Great Recession Changed the Deprivation Profile of Low Income Groups? Evidence from Spain Abstract: This paper analyses how the economic crisis has modified the relationship between income and mate rial deprivation in Spain, one of the European countries most affected by the crisis. We show that the degree of overlap between low income and material deprivation has increased by around 50% from 2008 to 2012, even despite the offsetting effect of the reduction in the (relative) income poverty threshold. We demonstrate that the Great Recession has produced a significant recomposition of the poverty profile in Spain. Our findings underline the increasing role played by long-term unemployment and by differences in tenure status of households in predicting this overlap, four years after the bursting of the property bubble. Classification-JEL: D31, I31, I32 Keywords: Low income, poverty, material deprivation, poverty profile, Great Recession Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 79-104 Volume: 218 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/218_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:218:i:3:p:79-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Odd E. Nygard Author-Email: oen@ssb.no Author-Workplace-Name: Statistics Norway Author-Name: John T. Revesz Author-Email: revesz.janostamas@upcmail.hu Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Public Service Title: A literature review on optimal indirect taxation and the uniformity debate Abstract: A review of the theoretical literature on optimal indirect taxation reveals that analytical arguments in favor of uniform indirect taxation seem rather weak and unrealistic; hence determining the optimal tax structure remains an empirical issue. However, reviewing the empirical-computational studies pub lished so far, shows that most of them operate under rather restrictive and simplistic frameworks. There is little computational support for uniformity, particularly when the models approach real world com plexity. It appears that in a many-consumer economy, differentiated and progressive indirect taxation is likely to be the optimal solution Classification-JEL: H21, H23, H26, C63. Keywords: Optimal taxation, commodity taxation, indirect taxation, tax evasion Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 107-140 Volume: 218 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/218_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:218:i:3:p:107-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaname Miyagishima Author-Email: Kaname1128@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Title: Education Inequality among Different Social Groups Abstract: In this paper, we study an education-planning problem by using a mechanism design approach. We consider a model where agents have different abilities in acquiring education and belong to different social groups (for instance, races or genders). Under the information constraint that the abilities of agents are unobservable but group memberships are observable, we derive two sets of education policies derived under Rawlsian and utilitarian social welfare functions. Our main results show that the utilitarian planner does not discriminate agents by their social group membership, while the Rawlsian planner provides a form of affirmative action policy. We also study second-best optimal education policies in the case of general degrees of inequality aversion. In this case, it is shown that affirmative action is not necessarily supported, and the differences in education levels are determined by the agents marginal effects of utility to their group s aggregated welfare. Classification-JEL: I24, D82. Keywords: Education; Mechanism design; Affirmative action; Different social groups Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-35 Volume: 217 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/217_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:217:i:2:p:11-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Davtyan Author-Email: karen.davtyan@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Title: Interrelation among Economic Growth, Income Inequality, and Fiscal Performance: Evidence from Anglo-Saxon Countries Abstract: The interrelation among economic growth, income inequality, and fiscal performance is very complex. The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamic interrelations among these variables using struc tural VAR models and to examine transmission channels among them. The empirical analysis is imple mented for the UK, the USA, and Canada, using the longest possible consistently measured compa rable data on income inequality. The obtained results show that inequality has a negative effect on growth in the case of the UK while the effect is positive for the USA and Canada. An increase in in equality worsens fiscal performance for all the considered countries. Classification-JEL: C32, D31, E62, O47 Keywords: economic growth, income inequality, fiscal performance, VAR. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 37-66 Volume: 217 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/217_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:217:i:2:p:37-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Manuel P rez-Salamero Author-Email: juan.perez-salamero@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Marta Reg lez Castillo Author-Email: marta.regulez@ehu.eus Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Author-Name: Carlos Vidal Meli Author-Email: carlos.vidal@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: An lisis de la representatividad de la MCVL: el caso de las prestaciones del sistema p blico de pensiones Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a aumentar el conocimiento de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL) en cuanto a la informaci n sobre prestaciones y advertir de posibles errores que se podr an cometer a la hora de realizar cierto tipo de estudios sobre el sistema p blico de pensiones. Se analiza el conjunto de datos de prestaciones de la MCVL de 2010 teniendo en cuenta los datos agrupados por tipo de pensi n, grupos de edad y g nero, as como por cuant a. Despu s de realizar las pruebas estad sticas apropiadas sobre el ajuste de la muestra a la poblaci n basada en los datos del Informe Estad stico anual del INSS del mismo a o, se concluye que los datos extra dos de la MCVL pueden no ser una fiel r plica de la poblaci n objeto de estudio, para cierto tipo de investigaciones, debido a su concepci n inicial (Muestra Aleatoria Simple), algunos errores originados en las fuentes administrativas y problemas de reclasificaci n. Este resultado advierte de las implicaciones que pudiera tener en aquellos estudios que seleccionaran una submuestra de los datos de la MCVL sobre determinado tipo de prestaciones. Classification-JEL: H55, J26, M41. Keywords: Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales, Informe Estad stico anual INSS, muestreo estratificado, test chi-cuadrado, tama o del efecto Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-130 Volume: 217 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/217_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:217:i:2:p:67-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Elena G mez-Miranda Author-Email: melena@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Isabel Rom n-Mart nez Author-Email:iroman@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Las spin-off universitarias espa olas: an lisis econ mico-financiero y factores que condicionan su cifra de negocios Abstract: En este trabajo se analiza la situaci n econ mico-financiera de las spin-off universitarias espa olas en 2012 y los factores que afectan a su cifra de negocios. De la informaci n disponible sobre 346 empresas, se de duce que en su mayor a son peque as, de servicios y j venes. En general se muestran solventes, aunque deben mejorar sus resultados de explotaci n. Su cifra de negocios media ronda los 400 mil euros, siendo las spin-off que superan este importe las m s veteranas, que han surgido en universidades que ceden espacios f sicos para su ubicaci n y se encuentran en los primeros cuartiles del ranking investigador. Classification-JEL: L20, L25, M13 Keywords: Spin-Off Universitarias, Creaci n de Riqueza, Cifra de Negocios, Rentabilidad, Regre si n Log stica Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 131-155 Volume: 217 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/217_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:217:i:2:p:131-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard M. Bird Author-Email: rbird@rotman.utoronto.ca Author-Workplace-Name: University of Toronto Title: Reforming International Taxation: Is the Process the Real Product? Abstract: Reforming international taxation how national tax systems interact with each other is an issue that is always technically complex, often economically significant, and sometimes politically explosive. Some expect major changes in international taxation in the near future but no one yet knows what changes will be made or when, how, and how effectively they might be implemented. Instead of speculating about such matters, this paper considers the process by which countries are attempting to reform international taxation problems, essentially through complex technical and political negotia tions intended to produce an improved set of soft law arrangements, adherence to which will, as in the present system, be essentially voluntary. The current process, although under the aegis of the OECD, is considerably more inclusive than earlier negotiations on international taxation, which were largely between developed countries that were predominantly capital exporters. Greater inclusivity may make negotiations more difficult to conclude successfully but it may also result in a system that will be more widely accepted as fair. Moreover, experience gained through the present prolonged and intensive negotiations on international taxation may perhaps suggest a more fruitful approach to deal ing with such other global public goods problems as climate change. Classification-JEL: H25, H26, F5, K2. Keywords: International tax, OECD, negotiation, tax treaties, international relations. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 159-180 Volume: 217 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/217_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:217:i:2:p:159-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amadeo Fuenmayor Author-Email: Amadeo.Fuenmayor@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Rafael Granell Author-Email: Rafael.Granell@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Mar a Angeles Tortosa Author-Email: Angeles.Tortosa@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Quasi-markets Targets and the Evaluation of Nursing-home Funding in the Valencian Region Abstract: Spanish long term care is in danger, therefore we propose a change in the nursing home funding sys tem. We use as an example the extremely complex nursing home financing system of Valencian Region. In this region, there are many funding mechanisms: two types of public subsidies, two different acces sibility plans, a voucher scheme and a cash benefit approach related to residential service. We evaluate these methods through the quasi-market theory. We find that these approaches have negative impact on equity, efficiency and freedom of choice and we propose a new, homogeneous financing method for all nursing homes through voucher. Classification-JEL: H44, H53, I38. Keywords: Long term care, nursing homes, quasi-markets, vouchers Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 13-38 Volume: 216 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/216_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:216:i:1:p:13-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chin W. Yang Author-Email: yang@clarion.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Clarion University of Pennsylvania Author-Name: Hui Wen Cheng Author-Email: hwcheng@mail.mcu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Ming Chuan University Author-Name: Ching Wen Chi Author-Email: wenchi@mail.mcu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Ming Chuan University Author-Name: Bwo-Nung Huang Author-Email: ecdbnh@ccu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Chung Cheng University Title: A Tax Can Increase Profit of a Monopolist or a Monopoly-like Firm: A Fiction or Distinct Possibility? Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the long-held theory that a tax reduces profit under monop oly or monopoly-like market structure. To present the paradox, we expand the switching price elastic ity theory developed by Greenhut-Hwang-Ohta to show that the after-tax profit may very well increase in a monopoly or a tight-knit cartel. The result show that after-tax profit can actually increase in a monopoly or monopoly-like market without resorting to conjectural variation or product quality often used in oligopoly. To verify the paradox, simple numerical examples and commonly-used mathemati cal demand functions are employed. Classification-JEL: H25, D42. Keywords: monopoly, cartel, price elasticity, unit tax, after-tax profit. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 39-60 Volume: 216 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/216_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:216:i:1:p:39-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dulce Contreras Author-Email: Dulce.Contreras@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Rosario S nchez Author-Email: rosario.sanchez@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Delfina Soria Author-Email: delfina.soria@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Geographical Mobility and Wage Efficiency for Women and Men for Four European Countries Abstract: The stochastic frontier technique is used in this paper to measure the differences that arise between the potential wage, the one that should be obtained for an individual with particular socioeconomic cha racteristics given his/her investment in human capital, and the wage that actually s/he has in the labor market. The data set comes from the European Community Household Panel for the period 1995-2001. The results show that geographical mobility get men closer to their potential wage whereas for women job mobility is mainly due to household factors or personal reasons and it contributes to move them away from their potential wage. Classification-JEL: J31, J62, J71. Keywords: Wage differentials, mobility, labor economic, stochastic frontier Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 61-80 Volume: 216 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/216_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:216:i:1:p:61-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Luis Jim nez Author-Email: juanluis.jimenez@ulpgc Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Author-Name: Jos Abreu Author-Email: jose.abreu101@alu.ulpgc.es. Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Pardon Does not Forgive Democracy: Econometrical Analysis of Pardons in Spain Abstract: The pardon is a legal, although controversial, instrument with a long history that persists in many different judicial systems across the world. The juridical literature often considers it to be a perversion in the separation of powers within the State, and the motivations behind it are always under scrutiny. In this paper we seek to establish whether there are specific factors that affect and determine pardons. Using a database of all pardons granted in Spain between 1995 and 2013, including our own elaborated individual data, the econometrical estimations produce the following conclusions: firstly, Spain s right-wing political party processes pardons faster than that of the left; secondly, and due to public concern, pardons are less frequent near elections; and thirdly, the higher the fine, the faster the pardon. These results show that the pardon is used in a discretionary way and in most cases greatly distorts the separation of powers that should provide the basis of any healthy democratic system. Classification-JEL: K14, P48, Z18. Keywords: Pardons, democracy, politics. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 81-102 Volume: 216 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/216_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:216:i:1:p:81-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bego a Cueto Author-Email: bcueto@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Miguel A. Malo Author-Email: malo@usal.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Salamanca Title: Do Partial Disability Pensions Close the Earnings Gap? Abstract: In this article, we estimate the total earnings losses of male workers with a partial disability, i.e., they are able to work at a different occupation after the disability s onset. We use a Spanish administrative dataset (Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales) from a specific partial disability pension scheme (Incapacidad Permanente Total). Using propensity score estimators combined with difference-in-differences, the estimation of the causal effect of the disability onset shows earnings losses to be approximately 400 per month for the first two years. For male workers over 54, total earnings losses are greater although they receive greater benefits. Classification-JEL: H55, H24, J14. Keywords: disability pensions, earnings losses, older workers. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 103-126 Volume: 216 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/216_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2016:v:216:i:1:p:103-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Afonso Author-Email: aafonso@iseg.utl.pt Author-Workplace-Name: University of Lisbon Author-Name: Jose Alves Author-Email: alves@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Lisbon Title: The Role of Government Debt in Economic Growth Abstract: We study the effect of public debt on economic growth for annual and 5-year average growth rates, as well as the existence of non-linearity effects of debt on growth for 14 European countries from 1970 until 2012. We also consider debt-to-GDP ratio interactions with various subsets of monetary, public finance, institutional and macroeconomic variables. Our results show a maximum negative impact of around 0.04% and 0.03% for each 1% increment of public debt, for annual and 5-year average growth rates, respectively. In addition, we find average debt ratio thresholds of around 75%. Belonging to the Eurozone has a detrimental effect of at least 0.5% for real per capita GDP, and the banking crisis is the most harmful crisis for growth Classification-JEL: E62, H63, O47 Keywords: government debt, economic growth, debt thresholds Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-26 Volume: 215 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/215_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:215:i:4:p:9-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Coutinho Pereira Author-Email: mpereira@bportugal.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Portugal Author-Name: Lara Wemans Author-Email: lara.wemans@bportugal.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Portugal Title: Output Effects of a Measure of Tax Shocks Based on Changes in Legislation for Portugal Abstract: This paper develops a new measure of quarterly discretionary tax shocks for Portugal resulting from changes in legislation, following the narrative approach. A comprehensive analysis of tax policy mea-sures in the period 1996-2012 was undertaken. The findings point to strongly negative and persistent effects of legislated tax increases on GDP and private consumption, matching the tendency of the narrative approach to yield comparatively high tax multipliers. Classification-JEL: E62, E32. Keywords: fiscal policy, tax shocks, macroeconomic stabilization. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 27-62 Volume: 215 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/215_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:215:i:4:p:27-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Carnot Author-Email: nicolas.carnot@ec.europa.eu. Author-Workplace-Name: European Commission Author-Name: Francisco de Castro Author-Email: Francisco.DE-CASTRO@ec.europa.eu Author-Workplace-Name: European Commission Title: The Discretionary Fiscal Effort: An Assessment of Fiscal Policy and Its Output Effect Abstract: This paper presents an indicator of the fiscal stance that combines features of the bottom-up, narrative approach on the revenue side with a refined version of the top-down, traditional approach of the structural balance on the expenditure side. With these characteristics the indicator offers an image of fiscal policy that assuages the endogeneity problems of the structural balance and avoids the indeterminacy of the narrative approach. This indicator is used to shed light on EU fiscal policies and estimate the average short-term output effects of fiscal policy. Results indicate that, with exceptions, fiscal policy has been conducted in a more stop and go and pro-cyclical fashion over the past decade than suggested by traditional indicators. The fiscal multiplier is estimated at around 0.75 on average, with higher (resp. lower) multipliers associated with expenditure (resp. revenue) shocks, and higher (resp. lower) multipliers in times of declining (resp. increasing) output gaps. Classification-JEL: E62, H60. Keywords: Fiscal Stance, Discretionary Fiscal Effort, Fiscal Consolidation, Fiscal Multipliers. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 63-94 Volume: 215 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/215_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:215:i:4:p:63-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Cuerpo Author-Email: carlos.cuerpo@Airef.es Author-Workplace-Name: Autoridad Independiente de Responsabilidad Fiscal Author-Name: Jos Miguel Ramos Author-Email: jmramos@tesoro.mineco.es Author-Workplace-Name: Ministerio de Econom a y Competitividad Title: Spanish Public Debt Sustainability Analysis Abstract: This note develops an overarching debt sustainability analysis (DSA) framework, encompassing three of its main dimensions: (i) a traditional (deterministic) sustainability exercise, based on a simple accounting application involving the debt accumulation equation; (ii) an assessment of the realism of the assumptions underlying the deterministic debt projections; and (iii) a stochastic exercise aimed at understanding the uncertainty associated with the deterministic path. This framework is applied to the Spanish case, constructing and dissecting the baseline debt path associated with the official macro and fiscal projections. While Spanish public debt appears largely sustainable along this baseline, its realization seems optimistic in the light of historical experience. Classification-JEL: E62, H68. Keywords: Public debt sustainability analysis, general government sector, fiscal reaction function, bootstrapping, vector autoregressive models Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 95-118 Volume: 215 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/215_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:215:i:4:p:95-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Hauptmeier Author-Email: sebastian.hauptmeier@ec.europa.eu Author-Workplace-Name: European Central Bank Author-Name: A. Jes s S nchez Fuentes Author-Email: ajsanchezfuentes@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid &Jen Author-Name: Ludger Schuknecht Author-Email: Ludger.Schuknecht@ECB.europa.eu Author-Workplace-Name: German Ministry of Finance Title: Spending Dynamics in Euro Area Countries: Composition and Determinants Abstract: This study analyses the composition and main determinants of spending dynamics in selected euro area countries between 1999 and 2013. To assess the stance of public spending policies we use the indicators developed in Hauptmeier et al. (2011). Our results indicate that the overall expansionary expenditure stance in 1999-2009 was mainly driven by public consumption. Transfers and subsidies on the other hand were mostly expansionary after 2008 while public investment had boomed just before the crisis and turned restrictive during the crisis. The overall policy stance turned restrictive in 2010 and strongly so in Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Most consolidation efforts focussed on public investment and on public consumption and while transfers and subsidies were largely spared. Our econometric analysis, which covers the 2000-2013 period, shows a significantly pro-cyclical stance of public consumption which was driving overall spending dynamics. The degree of spending expansion tends to be negatively affected by the size of government debt and the presence of effective fiscal rules. On the other hand, EMU-related interest savings coincided with an expansionary expenditure stance. Revenue windfalls and shortfalls exerted a significant effect on government investment spending. Classification-JEL: E17, E61, E65, H50, H60 Keywords: Expenditure policies, public debt, expenditure rules, sustainability, fiscal stance Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 119-138 Volume: 215 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/215_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:215:i:4:p:119-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Warmedinger Author-Email: Thomas.Warmedinger@ecb.int Author-Workplace-Name: European Central Bank Author-Name: Cristina Checherita-Westphal Author-Email: Cristina.Checherita-Westphal@ecb.int Author-Workplace-Name: European Central Bank Author-Name: Pablo Hern ndez de Cos Author-Email: Pablo.hernandez_de_cos@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: Fiscal Multipliers and Beyond Abstract: This paper seeks to link the debate surrounding short-term fiscal multipliers with the medium and longer-term impact of fiscal consolidation on public debt sustainability. A literature review and empirical findings for state-dependent multipliers confirm that there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the size of the short-term multiplier. Notably, multipliers may be larger in deep recessions or financial crises, but the negative impact of fiscal consolidation is mitigated when public finances are weak. Using a stylised framework and a range of plausible values for the fiscal multiplier, simulations suggest that an increase in the debt ratio following episodes of fiscal consolidation is likely to be short-lived. Even in a macroeconomic context in which multipliers are high, a frontloaded fiscal consolidation reduces the total consolidation effort and implies a faster stabilisation of the debt ratio. In general, backloading is subject to higher implementation risks, most notably in the light of political economy considerations. Overall, when determining the fiscal adjustment path, both the short-term costs and the longer-term benefits need to be taken into account. Particular attention should be paid to the composition of consolidation packages, with well-designed adjustments likely to imply a faster stabilisation of the debt ratio. Classification-JEL: H30, H6, E6. Keywords: Fiscal policies, Government debt, Sustainability, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 139-168 Volume: 215 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/215_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:215:i:4:p:139-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raffaela Giordano Author-Email: rgiordano@worldbank.org Author-Workplace-Name: Banca d Italia Author-Name: Manuel Coutinho Pereira Author-Email: Manuel.Coutinho.Pereira@bportugal.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Portugal Author-Name: Domenico Depalo Author-Email: domenico.depalo@bancaditalia.it Author-Workplace-Name: Banca de Italia Author-Name: Bruno Eug ne Author-Email: bruno.eugene@nbb.be Author-Workplace-Name: Banque Nationale de Belgique Author-Name: Evangelia Papapetrou Author-Email: epapapetrou@bankofgreece.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Bank of Greece Author-Name: Javier J. P rez Author-Email: javierperez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Lukas Reiss Author-Email: lukas.reiss@oenb.at Author-Workplace-Name: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Author-Name: Mojca Roter Author-Email: mojca.roter@bsi.si Author-Workplace-Name: Banka Slovenije Title: The Public Sector Pay Gap in a Selection of Euro Area Countries in the Pre-crisis Period Abstract: We investigate the public-private wage differentials in ten euro area countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) in the pre-crisis period (2004-2007). To account for differences in employment characteristics between the two sectors, we focus on micro data taken from EU-SILC. The results point to a conditional pay differential in favour of our public sector proxy that is generally higher for women, at the low tail of the wage distribution, in the Education and the Public administration sectors rather than in the Health sector. Notable differences emerge across countries, with Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain exhibiting higher public sector premia than other countries Classification-JEL: J310,J450,O520 Keywords: Public sector wages, public-private pay gap, wage equations. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-34 Volume: 214 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/214_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:214:i:3:p:11-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio L. Lara Galera Author-Email: alargal@ciccp.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid Author-Name: Antonio S nchez Soli o Author-Email: asanoli@ciccp.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid Title: Valoraci n de los pr stamos participativos en las concesiones de infraestructuras como activos contingentes del volumen de tr fico Abstract: Los pr stamos participativos otorgados por el sector p blico han sido muy utilizados en Espa a como f rmula de apoyo p blico a la financiaci n de concesiones de infraestructuras, especialmente en el campo de las carreteras. Sin embargo, los m todos tradicionales de valoraci n de inversiones no permiten valorar de manera precisa el alcance de este tipo de f rmulas. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar una metodolog a basada en el an lisis de activos contingentes para cuantificar el valor que realmente aportan estas ayudas a los contratos de concesi n, o, visto de otra forma, el coste real que representan para el sector p blico. Classification-JEL: H81. Keywords: Activo contingente, pr stamo participativo, concesi n, infraestructura Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 35-54 Volume: 214 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/214_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:214:i:3:p:35-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Monterrey Mayoral Author-Email: jmontrey@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Amparo S nchez Segura Author-Email: asanchez@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Planificaci n fiscal y Gobierno Corporativo en las empresas cotizadas espa olas Abstract: El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar en qu medida los incentivos econ micos de los gerentes y las pr cticas de gobierno corporativo influyen en las estrategias de planificaci n fiscal de las compa as espa olas cotizadas. Con base en los datos fiscales reales extra dos de las memorias de las cuentas anuales, los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que los esquemas retributivos de la alta direcci n y el grado de independencia del consejo de administraci n ejerce una influencia significativa sobre la estrategia fiscal de las compa as cotizadas, manifestada en t rminos de una menor carga fiscal soportada. Nuestros hallazgos son robustos y se mantienen ante diferentes pruebas y especificaciones alternativas de las variables. Classification-JEL: G34, H25, H26, K34, M41 Keywords: Planificaci n fiscal, gobierno corporativo, incentivos gerenciales, tipo impositivo efectivo. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 55-89 Volume: 214 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/214_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:214:i:3:p:55-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan R. Rovira Author-Email: jrrovira@cambrabcn.org Author-Workplace-Name: Barcelona Chamber of Commerce Title: Piketty on Growth and Distribution Abstract: In his book Capital in the Twenty-First CenturyThomas Piketty combines two distinct theories to explain the stylized facts of growth and distribution in capitalist economies. The first is an analysis of the concentration of inherited wealth driven by the difference between the rate of return on capital and the rate of growth of national income. The second is essentially the neoclassical growth model with a constant (net) saving rate and an elasticity of substitution between capital and labour greater than one. I argue that for these two theories to be mutually consistent, in a long-run framework in which financial wealth converges in value with non-financial capital, the interdependence between the rates of growth and return at the aggregate level must be recognized. Since in Capital the rates of growth and return are assumed to be independently given, I show that Piketty has built a fundamentally over-determined, inconsistent analysis of growth and distribution. I also show that Piketty s approach diverges in fundamental ways from classical, neoclassical and post-Keynesian models of growth and distribution, and in particular from the way they deal with the rates of growth and return in balanced conditions. Classification-JEL: D31, O41, P10 Keywords: income and wealth distribution, economic growth, capitalism Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 91-114 Volume: 214 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/214_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:214:i:3:p:91-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dar o Rossignolo Author-Email: darossignolo@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Buenos Aires Title: El Impuesto sobre la renta Personal y los altos ingresos en Am rica Latina Abstract: El presente trabajo constituye un diagn stico destinado a describir la importancia relativa del impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F sicas en relaci n con los individuos con altos ingresos en Am rica Latina. Si bien la recaudaci n del Impuesto sobre la Renta de Personas F sicas en Am rica Latina ha experimentado un crecimiento en la ltima d cada, la raz n del mismo no estriba en que los individuos de altos ingresos est n tributando en mayor medida, sino que el mismo se relaciona principalmente con crecimiento pasivo de bases imponibles, desigualdad de ingresos, aumento de tipos marginales m nimos y constancia de los m ximos. Lo anterior lleva a concluir que el impuesto ha perdido progresividad. Classification-JEL: D31; D63; H26 Keywords: Desigualdad de altos ingresos, impuesto sobre la Renta personal, tipos marginales Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 115-148 Volume: 214 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/214_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:214:i:3:p:115-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amagoia Sagasta Author-Email: amagoia.sagasta@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Author-Name: Jos M. Usategui Author-Email: josemaria.usategui@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Title: Purchase and rental subsidies in durable-oligopolies Abstract: We fully characterize the effects of per unit subsidies for the purchase and rental of durable goods, considering subsidies in the present and subsidies in the future, under imperfect competition. We show how welfare is affected by the simultaneous consideration of subsidies on renting and selling and how the effects of a change in one of those subsidies depend on its interaction with other subsidies. Among other results we explain why a subsidy in the future mitigates the commitment problem of producers when they sell and rent the durable good in the present, we find the region in the space of subsidies where a subsidy on sales in the present simultaneously increases the consumer, producer and total surpluses, and we show that the cost of subsidies may change in the opposite direction to the direction of change in any one subsidy. Classification-JEL: H32, L13, H22, H24. Keywords: subsidies, durable good, oligopoly, interaction between subsidies, cost of subsidies Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-40 Volume: 213 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/213_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:213:i:2:p:11-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcos Alvarez Diaz Author-Email: marcos.alvarez@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Gonzalo Caballero Miguez Author-Email: gcaballero@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Baltasar Manzano Gonz lez Author-Email: bmanzano@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Jos M. Mart n Moreno Author-Email: jmartin@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Assessment of Political Situation over the Business Cycle in Spain: A Time Series Analysis Abstract: The Great Recession has implied a strong increase of the unemployment rate in Spain that surpassed 25% in 2012, the highest rate in western economies in that year. At the same time, the assessment of political situation has greatly deteriorated. The goal of this paper is to study how the assessment of political situation has moved along the business cycle in Spain over the last twenty years by using a battery of statistical methods. Moreover, this study also investigates the existence of a long-run relationship applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration. Once the existence of a long-run relationship is evidenced, we construct a model that allows us to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the business cycle on the Spanish political situation. The empirical findings reveal that the unemployment rate has had a significant lagged impact on the assessment of political situation. Classification-JEL: E32, C22, P48 Keywords: Economic crisis, political situation, Spain, cross-correlation, Granger causality, the ARDL bounds testing approach. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 41-62 Volume: 213 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/213_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:213:i:2:p:41-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier de la Ballina Ballina Author-Email: fballina@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Rodolfo V zquez Author-Email: rvazquez@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: El papel de las bluelaws en los modelos de evoluci n de los for matos comerciales Abstract: La literatura sobre las bluelaws (regulaci n de horarios comerciales) es muy amplia e importante, pero sus resultados son muy dispersos y distintos, y siempre ha trabajado con una perspectiva estrictamente sectorial y una metodolog a univariable. Es necesario estudiar la desregulaci n de horarios comerciales dentro de un modelo global de cambio, incorporando variables econ micas externas (PIB) y variables de competencia end genas (como las cuotas de superficie comercial). Nuestro modelo destaca que la desregulaci n de horarios afecta de forma inmediata a las estrategias de tiempo como servicio al con sumidor ofertado por los supermercados y los centros comerciales. Que la competencia determina los cambios en la estructura comercial, la productividad y en el empleo del sector. En tanto que la situaci n de la econom a explica las variaciones en las ventas y los precios Classification-JEL: M38, D30, C12. Keywords: Pol tica Comercial, Horarios, Competencia. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 63-82 Volume: 213 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/213_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:213:i:2:p:63-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel Solano Garc a Author-Email: asolano@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Tax Morale with Partisan Parties Abstract: This paper analyzes the political economy of income redistribution when voters are concerned about tax compliance. We consider a two stage-model where there is a two party competition over the tax rate in the first stage and voters decide about their level of tax compliance in the second stage. We model political competition a la Wittman with the ideology of parties endogenously determined at equilibri um. We calibrate the model for an average of EU-27 countries. Numerical simulations provide the tax rates proposed by the two parties and the level of tax compliance. We find that a decrease in the per ceived average level of tax compliance, increase the probability that the party offering the lowest in come tax will win. Moreover, the same result is obtained when parties uncertainty about the prefer ences of the median voter increases Classification-JEL: D72, H26. Keywords: tax evasion, ideological parties, income redistribution, ethical voters. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 83-108 Volume: 213 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/213_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:213:i:2:p:83-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Contreras Author-Email: jcontreg@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Complutense Author-Name: M nica Contreras Author-Email: monica.contreras@kcl.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad San Pablo CEU Title: Estimaci n de la recaudaci n del Impuesto sobre Transacciones Financieras: el caso espa ol Abstract: Diez Estados de la UE tienen previsto establecer un impuesto general y armonizado sobre las transacciones financieras (ITF). Este trabajo ofrece una estimaci n de la recaudaci n bruta anual esperada del ITF, en su dise o actual, para el caso espa ol que se sit a en el 0.66% del PIB, una cifra significativamente superior a la indicada por la Comisi n Europea. Adem s, el trabajo sugiere un fuerte impacto del impuesto sobre la actividad en los mercados monetarios y en la actividad de trading. La metodolog a utilizada para calcular el impacto negativo del ITF sobre la base imponible es novedosa, ya que considera diversos aspectos de microestructura de mercado para cada instrumento financiero. Classification-JEL: H68, H87, H23, H32 Keywords: impuesto general sobre transacciones financieras, recaudaci n impositiva Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 109-143 Volume: 213 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/213_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:213:i:2:p:109-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA. Instituto de An lisis Econ mico Title: A Simple Model of Aggregate Pension Expenditure Abstract: This paper develops a simple model that can be used to analyze the long-term sustainability of the contributive pension system and the steady-state response of pension expenditure to changes in some key demographic and economic variables, in the characteristics of the average pensioner an d in the parameters that describe how pensions are calculated in Spain as a function of workers Social Security contribution histories. Classification-JEL: H55 Keywords: pensions, sustainability, Spain. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 13-50 Volume: 212 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/212_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:212:i:1:p:13-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuria Boch Roca Author-Email: nbosch@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Author-Name: Javier Su rez Pandiello Author-Email: jspandi@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Politics and Finance in Spanish Municipalities Abstract: This paper undertakes an analysis of the Spanish local governments from the perspective of public choice theory. A set of hypotheses from a theoretical analysis is examined including alternative modes of public management, the possible use of financing instruments that generate fiscal illusion and the influence of certain pressure groups on the size of the municipal budget. We work with a sample of 140 Spanish municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants for the period 2002-2010. Our results support an (expansive) impact of the construction sector and the fiscal illusion hypothesis. Most controversially, our evaluation of the management modes seems to indicate that the indirect modes of public management adopted by local councils do represent attempts to escape from the rigid corsets that administrative legislation set out. Classification-JEL: H7, H11, H83 Keywords: Politics, Public Choice, Local Government Management, Municipalities, Local Finance. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 51-66 Volume: 212 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/212_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:212:i:1:p:51-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mauro Mediavilla Author-Email: mauro.mediavilla@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Josep Oriol Escard bul Author-Email: oescardibul@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: Son las TIC un factor clave en la adquisici n de competencias? Un an lisis con evaluaciones por ordenador Abstract: Este art culo analiza los efectos de la tenencia y uso de las tecnolog as de la informaci n y la comunicaci n (TIC) en la adquisici n de competencias (evaluadas por ordenador en la prueba de PISA de 2012). Los principales resultados son los siguientes. En primer lugar, se constata que las variables TIC inciden en mayor medida en la adquisici n de matem ticas que en el resto de competencias evaluadas (comprensi n lectora y ciencias). En segundo lugar, resulta relevante la variable TIC utilizada, ya que no todas inciden del mismo modo. Finalmente, existen algunos resultados dispares por g nero. Classification-JEL: I21, I28 Keywords: Evaluaci n por ordenador, G nero, PISA 2012, TIC. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-96 Volume: 212 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/212_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:212:i:1:p:67-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolina Hintzmann Author-Email: chintzmann@uoc.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Title: An Analysis of Differences in Labour Productivity in Manufacturing. Displaying the Need for a Resurgence of Industrial Policy: Spain vs Germany, 1993-2007 Abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants that hinder the continued growth of productivity in Spanish industry, when compared to Germany between 1993-2007. To this end, different methodologies based on the decomposition of gross value added have been applied. Results indicate that differences in industry structure do not totally justify the gap in productivity between both industries. It is more a problem of convergence speed of both production structures, rather than one of absence of changes. This study shows the need to implement strategic measures for boosting industrial sectors, particularly now when there is a resurgence of industrial policy. Classification-JEL: O47, O57, L60, L50, D24, E23. Keywords: Labour Productivity, Manufacturing Industry, Industrial Composition, Industrial Policy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 97-126 Volume: 212 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/212_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:212:i:1:p:97-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Mar a Arranz Author-Email: josem.arranz@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Carlos Garc a Serrano Author-Email: carlos.garcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: Los sistemas de prestaciones por desempleo de experience rating . Un an lisis de los despidos temporales y los subsidios cruzados en Espa a. Abstract: Este art culo presenta c mo funciona un sistema de prestaciones por desempleo de experience rating en el que se recurre a un impuesto sobre los despidos para financiar dichas prestaciones y el tipo de cotizaci n de cada empresa depende de su historial reciente de despidos. Se analizan algunas de sus ventajas e inconvenientes, enmarc ndolo en el tema m s general del reparto de los costes asociados a la rotaci n en el mercado de trabajo. Tambi n se examinan m s en detalle dos problemas asociados al experience rating parcial o incompleto: el exceso de despidos temporales y la existencia de subsidios cruzados entre regiones, sectores y empresas. a partir de los datos de la Muestra Continua de Vidas laborales (MCVL), se cuantifican ambos problemas para el caso espa ol. Los resultados pueden ofrecer indicios de los beneficios que se podr an obtener si el sistema incluyese elementos de experience rating en su dise o y financiaci n. Classification-JEL: J65, H50 Keywords: prestaciones por desempleo, experience rating , MCVL, subsidios cruzados. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 129-168 Volume: 212 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/212_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2015:v:212:i:1:p:129-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John T. Revesz Author-Email: revesz.janostamas@upcmail.hu Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Public Service Title: A Numerical Model of Optimal Differentiated Indirect Taxation Abstract: This study examines the structure of optimal commodity tax rates in a many-person many-goods static computational model using segmented LES utility. One of the major findings is that with non-linear Engel curves and linear income tax, optimal commodity tax rates will be progressive and highly dispersed under logarithmic utility specifications. The dispersion of tax rates is reduced if the inequality aversion rate of society is low. With exogenously given non-optimal and non-linear income tax schedules, usually there is still a need for differentiated and progressive indirect taxation. These findings are in marked contrast to the continuing preoccupation of much of the literature with uniform indirect taxation for redistributive purposes. The results also indicate that if tax evasion incurs substantial deadweight costs, it usually reduces optimal tax rates by over a half of the evasion/revenue ratio of the product, with the reduction being larger for necessities and smaller for luxuries. Private compliance costs and government administration costs reduce optimal tax rates by a similar amount to the share of these costs from taxes. In a model with linear income tax, the effect of externalities on optimal tax rates substantially exceeds the corresponding Pigouvian tax rates or subsidies. The main benefit of higher taxes on leisure complements than leisure substitutes appears to be in boosting tax revenue for redistribution, rather than in improving the utility position of those paying the taxes. The effect of complexities such as tax evasion, administrative costs, externalities and leisure complements/substitutes on redistribution is not neutral. Generally, these factors tend to increase the progressivity of optimal commodity tax rates. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Optimal taxation, commodity taxation, indirect taxation, tax evasion, externalities, merit goods. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-66 Volume: 211 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/211_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:211:i:4:p:9-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuria Boch Roca Author-Email: nbosch@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Author-Name: Marta Espasa Author-Email: mespasa@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Author-Name: Daniel Montolio Author-Email: montolio@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Barcelona Title: Should Large Spanish Municipalities Be Financially Compensated? Costs and Benefits of Being a Capital/Central Municipality Abstract: We determine the costs and benefits of being a capital or central municipality, where central costs are understood to be incurred specifically as a result of the problems large municipalities located at the centre of an urban agglomeration face (including costs associated with social issues, immigration, commuting and diseconomies of scale) and capital costs result from the presence of regional and/or central government institutions in the municipality (loss of revenue or increase in expenditure because of activity substitution). However, these two qualities might also be beneficial to municipalities (resulting in a direct increase in their revenue or fiscal capacity). By estimating an equation of the expenditure needs and the fiscal capacity of Spanish municipalities with more than 75,000 inhabitants, we find that the central costs incurred by large municipalities are offset by their greater fiscal capacity, but that the same is not true for municipalities that serve as political/administrative capitals. Classification-JEL: H72, H77, R51 Keywords: Local financing, large municipalities, central and capital costs and benefits, expenditure needs, fiscal capacity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-91 Volume: 211 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/211_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:211:i:4:p:67-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rukhsana Kalim Author-Email: muhammadshahidhassan@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Management and Technology Labore Author-Name: Muhammad Shahid Hassan Author-Email: drrukhsana@umt.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Management and Technology Labore Title: Public Defense Spending and Poverty in Pakistan Abstract: The principal attribute of this paper is to address the question that whether public defense spending is pro-poverty or anti-poverty in Pakistan? The empirical findings show that public spending on defense is increasing poverty in Pakistan and results are robust to various controls. This study proposes that government could allocate its resources more towards social sector development from defense expen-ditures on the one side and on the other side it could initiate a serious move towards the peace pacts with India for the sake of the betterment of people of the country. Classification-JEL: H56, I32, C51 Keywords: Pakistan, Public Defense spending and poverty Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 93-115 Volume: 211 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/211_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:211:i:4:p:93-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego J. Pedregal Author-Email: Diego.Pedregal@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Javier J. P rez Author-Email: javierperez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Antonio S nchez Fuentes Author-Email: ajsanchezfuentes@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: A Tookit to strengthen Government Abstract: In this paper we develop a comprehensive short-term fiscal forecasting system, useful for real-time monitoring of government s borrowing requirement in Spain, a country that has been at the center of the recent European sovereign debt crisis, not least because of sizeable failures to meet public deficit targets. The system is made of a suite of models, with different levels of disaggregation (bottom-up vs top-down; general government vs sub-sectors) suitable for the automatic processing of the large amount of monthly/quarterly fiscal data published nowadays by Spanish statistical authorities. Our tools are instrumental for ex-ante detection of risks to official projections, and thus can help in reducing the ex-post reputational costs of budgetary deviations. On the basis of our results, we discuss how official monitoring bodies could expand, on the one hand, their toolkit to evaluate regular adherence to targets (moving beyond a legalistic approach) and, on the other, their communication policies as regards sources of risks of (ex-ante) compliance with budgetary targets. Classification-JEL: E62, E65, H6, C3, C82. Keywords: Government accountability, transparency, Fiscal Forecasting Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 117-146 Volume: 211 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/211_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:211:i:4:p:117-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pilar Poncela Author-Email: pilar.poncela@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Author-Name: Eva Senra Author-Email: eva.senra@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Daniel Sotelsek Author-Email: daniel.sotelsek@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Guido Zack Author-Email: zack.gui@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: Some New Results on the Estimation of Structural Budget Balance for Spain Abstract: The recession that started in 2008 caused a sharp deterioration of the budget balance of Spain. This de-cline was not fully anticipated by the structural budget balance due to some methodology limitations. In this article, we calculate an alternative structural balance for Spain in the years prior to the subprime crisis that includes residential investment as an explanatory variable. This estimate shows that by 2004the Spanish fiscal situation was not as strong as presumed. This fragility was hidden by the extraordinary revenue from the real estate bubble and the construction boom. Classification-JEL: C20, E32, E63, H62. Keywords: Crisis, structural budget balance, real estate bubble, construction boom, Spain. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-31 Volume: 210 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/210_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:210:i:3:p:11-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Manuel Lasierra Esteban Author-Email: jmlasie@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Una aproximaci n a los determinantes del Capital Social individual en Espa a Abstract: En este trabajo se realiza un an lisis de los determinantes del capital social individual medido en forma de participaci n en asociaciones y en diversas formas de acci n colectiva. la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el trabajo dispon a de una informaci n, que permit a evaluar en qu medida determinadas variables sociales, demogr ficas y econ micas influyen en los individuos en crear tipos de capital social, en su propensi n a asociarse o en realizar determinadas acciones colectivas. Los resultados muestran la importancia de las clases medias, individuos con estabilidad en el empleo, ingresos familiares aceptables, buenas ocupaciones y buena formaci n e interesados en los asuntos p blicos para la creaci n de CS. Classification-JEL: I3, B5, H8, O4. Keywords: Econom a p blica, asociaciones, acci n colectiva, clases sociales, Capital social. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 33-55 Volume: 210 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/210_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:210:i:3:p:33-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio di Paolo Author-Email: antonio.dipaolo@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Alvaro Choi Author-Email: alvarochoi@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Title: School Composition Effects in Spain: Accounting for Intercept and Slope Effects Abstract: Drawing on PISA 2012 data, in this paper we study the impact of school s socio-economic composition on the science test scores for Spanish lower-secondary education students. We adopt a semi-parametric methodology that enables spillovers to affect all the parameters in the educational production function. We also deal with the issue of endogenous students sorting into schools with better socio-economic composition. The positive effect of school s socio-economic composition is stronger when computed using the semi-parametric approach, suggesting the relevance of slope effects of school com-position. However, the spillovers are substantially reduced when the endogenous sorting of students is controlled for. Classification-JEL: I20, I21, I29. Keywords: Educational attainments, school composition, PISA, Spain Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-83 Volume: 210 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/210_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:210:i:3:p:57-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucia Mateos Author-Email: luciamr@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Ines Murillo Author-Email: ihuertas@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Maria del Mar Salinas Author-Email: msalinas@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Desajuste educativo y competencias cognitivas: efectos sobre los salarios Abstract: Este trabajo analiza los rendimientos de la educaci n y del desajuste educativo en Espa a teniendo en cuenta no solo los a os de educaci n recibida por los trabajadores sino tambi n las competencias b sicas que estos han adquirido realmente. Utilizando la base de datos PIAAC, los resultados obtenidos indican que tanto los a os de educaci n como las competencias adquiridas contribuyen a determinarlos salarios, siendo mayor el rendimiento asociado a los a os de educaci n cuanto mayor es el nivel de competencias alcanzado. Se observa adem s que los rendimientos asociados a los a os de desajuste educativo var an en funci n de las competencias adquiridas por los trabajadores, con una prima (penalizaci n) por los a os de sobreeducaci n (infraeducaci n) mayor entre los trabajadores con mayor (menor) nivel de competencias. Por ltimo, se constata que desajuste educativo y desajuste en competencias son dos fen menos distintos en el mercado de trabajo espa ol, siendo el desajuste educativo el que contribuye a explicar las diferencias salariales existentes entre trabajadores que ocupan un puesto de trabajo similar. Classification-JEL: I21, J31 Keywords: desajuste educativo; competencias cognitivas; rendimientos educativos. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 85-108 Volume: 210 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/210_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:210:i:3:p:85-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Eichfelder Author-Email: sebastian.eichfelder@ovgu.de Author-Workplace-Name: Universit t Magdeburg Author-Name: Fran ois Vaillancourt Author-Email: francois.vaillancourt@umontreal.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Universit de Montreal Title: Tax Compliance Costs: A Review of Cost Burdens and Cost Structures Abstract: Our paper provides a comprehensive report of empirical research on tax compliance costs. Compared to previous reviews, our focus is on average costs for sub-groups (individual taxpayers, small business-es, large businesses) and the composition of the cost burden with regards to different cost components(in-house time effort, external adviser costs, other monetary expenses), different taxes (e.g. income tax, value added tax) and different activities like tax accounting and tax planning. In addition, we give a short review of the most important compliance cost drivers and discuss the underlying causes of tax complexity and compliance costs. Classification JEL: H21, H24, H25 Keywords: Tax compliance costs, cost structures, cost burdens, cost drivers Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 111-148 Volume: 210 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/210_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:210:i:3:p:111-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Zabalza Author-Email: azabalza@ercros.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Measuring the Regional Incidence of Taxes and Public Expenditure: The Available Methodology and its Limitations Abstract: This article reviews the basic methodology used to estimate the regional incidence of taxes and public expenditure, which we call the fiscal incidence approach, and compares it with the cash flow approach, which measures tax revenues and expenditures in terms of the associated monetary cash flows. In this context, it considers critically the particular version of the cash flow approach used in Spain. The article also looks at the different ways in which economists have tried to decompose fiscal balances into a structural or distributive component and a cyclical component, and critically reviews present practices. Classification-JEL: H2, H5, H22, H30, H61, H62 Keywords: Regional fiscal balances, tax and expenditure incidence, cyclical and structural effects Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-54 Volume: 209 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/209_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:209:i:2:p:11-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Joan Rossell Villalonga Author-Email: jrv3477@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Title: Fiscal Imbalances in Asymmetric Federal Regimes. The Case of Spain Abstract: The dispute over the manner of computing fiscal imbalances is not a technical one. Different methods serve different purposes and these purposes are political rather than simply economic. They differ basically in the consideration that territorial jurisdictions may merit. This is whether they are being seen much more than simply a pure geographical aggregation of individuals and their net fiscal residuals. Even for those authors who limit those imbalances as the result of personal redistributive fiscal flows, our paper shows that this does not seem to happen in Spain. Indeed, on the expenditure side, we do not observe a systemic pattern for the regional flows that properly matches personal income differences. Regions with similar income levels receive clearly discretional resources from the central government. This is the case not just for the monetary flow method, but also for the tax benefit incidence approach, despite the way in which the externalities of what are assumed to be public goods spills over. In order to test whether this bias is political, purely random, or the result of a structural agglomeration or scale economies effect, we call for more data analysis. We need for a robust estimation of those factors a panel data approach to the composition of the observed imbalances. Transparency in this sense is the best strategy for refocusing the fiscal territorial debate in Spain. Classification-JEL: B41, H70, H77, D74 Keywords: Fiscal imbalances, tax-benefit incidence analysis, Spanish territorial transfers, regional cash multipliers Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 55-97 Volume: 209 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/209_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:209:i:2:p:55-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de An lisis Econ mico Author-Name: Ram n Barber n Author-Email: barberan@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Ezequiel Uriel Author-Email: ezequiel.uriel@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: A System of Regionalized Public Accounts for Spain. Methodology and Results for 2005 Abstract: This paper develops a methodology for the construction of a System of Regionalized Public Accounts (SRPA) using a burden-benefit approach and applies it to the year 2005. The SRPA provides a detailed picture of the regional distribution of the tax burden and of the benefits arising from public expenditure and can be used to make homogeneous comparisons across regions in terms of many budgetary aggregates. This new statistical tool allows a much richer analysis of the regional incidence of public sector activity than the standard approach based on the calculation of regional net fiscal balances that has been used in many previous studies Clasificaci n JEL: H10, H60 Keywords: Spain, regional fiscal balances, regionalized public accounts Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 99-150 Volume: 209 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/209_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:209:i:2:p:99-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Villaverde Author-Email: villavej@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cantabria Author-Name: Adolfo Maza Author-Email: mazaaj@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cantabria Author-Name: Mar a Hierro Author-Email: hierroma@unican.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cantabria Title: The Effects of Interpersonal Fiscal Redistribution on Provincial Growth and Convergence in Spain Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of interpersonal fiscal redistribution on provincial growth and convergence in Spain over 2000-2010. After reviewing the literature and stressing the ambiguity of its conclusions, the paper offers an overview of the main characteristics of the interpersonal fiscal flows distribution. Next, it specifies a convergence model in which interpersonal fiscal flows are used as a key independent variable. Before further proceeding, the paper applies a filtering technique to remove spatial autocorrelation from raw data and, then, it estimates the model by GMM. The main conclusion is that interpersonal fiscal flows are an important policy instrument to promote both growth and, above all, convergence across Spanish provinces. Therefore, it seems that the typical trade-off between efficiency and equity does not hold in this case. Classification-JEL: C23, E62, O18, H3 Keywords: Interpersonal fiscal flows, convergence, growth, Spanish provinces Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 151-170 Volume: 209 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/209_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:209:i:2:p:151-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ignacio Ab solo Author-Email: iabasolo@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Miguel Negr n Author-Email: miguel.negrin@ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Author-Name: Jaime Pinilla Author-Email: jpinilla@dmc.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Utilizaci n y tiempos de espera: dos vertientes inseparables del an lisis de la equidad en el acceso al sistema sanitario p blico Abstract: El objetivo de esta investigaci n consiste en analizar si existe equidad en el acceso a los servicios sanitarios p blicos por niveles socioecon micos. Se analiza conjuntamente la probabilidad de utilizar los servicios sanitarios y los tiempos de espera hasta ser atendidos, corrigi ndose as el sesgo de selecci n que se derivar a de su estudio separado, tal y como se evidencia en esta investigaci n. Se propone una aproximaci n bayesiana y se hace uso de la informaci n a nivel individual sobre la utilizaci n sanitaria, tiempos de espera, nivel socioecon mico, necesidad sanitaria y otras variables sociodemogr ficas contenidas en la En-cuesta nacional de salud (2006). Los resultados muestran que hay inequidad en el acceso a los servicios especializados y hospitalarios (tanto en utilizaci n como en tiempos de espera) que perjudica a los niveles socioecon micos inferiores. En los servicios de medicina general, si bien la utilizaci n beneficia relativa-mente m s a los grupos de menor nivel socioecon mico, los tiempos de espera perjudican a los de menor nivel educativo. Classification-JEL: I1, C01, D39. Keywords: Equidad en acceso, utilizaci n de servicios sanitarios, tiempos de espera, sesgo de selecci n, modelos bayesianos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-38 Volume: 208 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/208_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:208:i:1:p:11-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: In s P. Murillo Author-Email: ihuertas@ua.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Hip lito Sim n Author-Email: hsimon@ua.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alicante IEI-IEB Title: La Gran Recesi n y el diferencial salarial por g nero en Espa a Abstract: El art culo examina la evoluci n de las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres en Espa a entre los a os 2002 y 2010. La evidencia obtenida sugiere que el notable empeoramiento de la coyuntura econ mi ca tras el inicio de la Gran Recesi n ha tenido dos impactos rese ables sobre el diferencial salarial por raz n de g nero. El primero es que se ha revertido la tendencia hacia la reducci n de la brecha salarial por g ne ro que se ven a produciendo en la econom a espa ola con anterioridad, durante la expansi n econ mica. El segundo es que se ha generado un perfil creciente de la brecha salarial a lo largo de la distribuci n de sala rios coincidente con el fen meno de techo de cristal observado para otros pa ses, pero no en per odos pre vios para Espa a. Classification-JEL: J16, J70. Keywords: Diferencias salariales por raz n de sexo; datos emparejados empresa-trabajador; des composici n salarial de Juhn-Murphy-Pierce; descomposici n de Fortin-Lemieux-Firpo. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 39-76 Volume: 208 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/208_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:208:i:1:p:39-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jes s Clemente L pez Author-Email: clemente@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Pedro Garc a Castrillo Author-Email: pgarcia@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Mar a A. Gonz lez Alvarez Author-Email: maragonz@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Marcos Sanso Frago Author-Email: msanso@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Una evaluaci n de la efectividad de la formaci n ocupacional para desempleados antes y despu s de la crisis econ mica: el caso de Arag n Abstract: El objetivo de este art culo es evaluar la efectividad de la formaci n gestionada por el servicio p blico desempleo en Arag n sobre la empleabilidad de los trabajadores desempleados. Para ello se utilizan los registros administrativos del Instituto Aragon s de Empleo (INAEM), tanto los datos referidos a paro registrado como los relacionados con la formaci n y con los contratos. Con esta informaci n se caracteriza parte de la trayectoria laboral de los que participan en dichas acciones y se deduce la influencia que tienen tanto en la probabilidad de encontrar un primer empleo como en la de mantenerlo una vez obtenido, compar ndolas ambas con las probabilidades de los que no han participado en ellas. Los resultados indican que la formaci n es efectiva, aunque los efectos difieren notablemente seg n los distintos grupos de trabajadores y la diferente duraci n de los cursos. Tambi n se deduce claramente que la situaci n de crisis generalizada a partir de 2008 est siendo un factor relevante que contribuye, en general, a aumentar la efectividad de la formaci n en la mejora de la empleabilidad relativa de los desempleados. Clasificaci n JEL: C14, H71, J24, J38. Keywords: Pol ticas activas en el mercado de trabajo, formaci n para desempleados, efectividad de las pol ticas de empleo, sesgo de selecci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 77-106 Volume: 208 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/208_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:208:i:1:p:77-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ra l Ramos Author-Email: rramos@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Esteban Sanrom Author-Email: esanroma@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: IEB, Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Hip lito Sim n Author-Email: hsimon@ua.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alicante Title: Public-Private Sector Wage Differentials by Type of Contract: Evidence from Spain Abstract: The article examines public-private sector wage differentials in Spain using microdata from the Structure of Earnings Survey (Encuesta de Estructura Salarial). When applying various decomposition techniques, we find that it is important to distinguish by gender and type of contract. Our results also highlight the presence of a positive wage premium for public sector workers that can be partially explained by their better endowment of characteristics, in particular by the characteristics of the establishment where they work. The wage premium is greater for female and fixed-term employees and falls across the wage distribution, being negative for more highly skilled workers Classification-JEL: C2, E3, J3, J4 Keywords: Public-private sector wage gap; wage distribution; matched employer-employee data; de-composition methods Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 107-141 Volume: 208 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/208_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:208:i:1:p:107-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alberto Gago Author-Email: agago@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Xavier Labandeira Author-Email: xavier@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Xiral L pez Otero Author-Email: xiral@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: A Panorama on Energy Taxes and Green Tax Reforms Abstract: This article provides an overview of specific and systemic applications of energy taxes and environmental (or green) tax reforms. To do so it combines a theoretical and empirical assessment of the literature, with anon-exhaustive description of the practice of these instruments and packages in the real world. Besides yielding a comprehensive approximation to the specific and systemic use of energy taxes, the paper con-tributes to the research in this area by reflecting on the present and future of these instruments in a particularly shifting world. Classification-JEL: H21, H23, Q48, Q58. Keywords: Taxes, Energy, Environment, Externalities, Natural Resources Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 145-190 Volume: 208 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/208_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2014:v:208:i:1:p:145-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Daude Author-Email: Christian.DAUDE@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Development Centre Author-Name: Hamlet Gutierrez Author-Email: hamletgutierrez@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Pontificia Universidad Cat lica Madre y Maestra Author-Name: ngel Melguizo Author-Email: angel_melguizo@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Development Centre Title: What Drives Tax Morale? A Focus on Emerging Economies Abstract: This paper reviews the literature and contributes with some evidence based on the World Values Survey on the drivers of tax morale worldwide, with an emphasis on developing countries. It shows that socio-economic factors such as age, religion, gender, employment status and educational attainment have a significant impact on people s levels of tax morale. In terms of institutional determinants, satisfaction with democracy, trust in government and the satisfaction with the quality of public services play an important role in increasing tax morale. The paper also discusses future directions for research and policy action in this area Classification-JEL: E62, I38, P16 Keywords: Tax Policy, Tax Morale, Developing Countries Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-40 Volume: 207 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/207_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:207:i:4:p:9-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Rossell Villalonga Author-Email: jrv3477@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Title: Importa la calidad de las Universidades en la elecci n de los estudiantes? Abstract: la literatura emp rica que analiza la elecci n de universidad por parte de los estudiantes muestra c mo precio y distancia son los principales factores que explican esta decisi n. Sin embargo, estos estudios no incorporan pr cticamente indicadores de calidad de las universidades a la hora de escoger universi dad. En este art culo estimamos un modelo de elecci n de universidad que incorpora indicadores sobre la calidad del profesorado, as como indicadores sobre la calidad acad mica de los estudiantes. Los re sultados, basados en datos sobre universidades p blicas situadas en Barcelona para los estudios de Eco nom a, ADE y Empresariales, indican el efecto positivo de estos indicadores en las decisiones de los estudiantes. Adicionalmente, los resultados sugieren una posible estratificaci n de universidades y se gregaci n de los estudiantes por niveles de calidad acad mica. Classification-JEL: H75, H52, I23, I28 Keywords: selecci n de universidades, calidad educaci n superior, estratificaci n instituciones universitarias. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 41-70 Volume: 207 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/207_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:207:i:4:p:41-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Waleska Sig ernza Author-Email: waleska.siguenza@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Author-Name: Petr Mariel Author-Email: petr.mariel@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Title: Valoraci n econ mica de los servicios sanitarios en la Comunidad Aut noma del Pa s Vasco Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido asignar una valoraci n econ mica a los servicios sanitarios en la Co-munidad Aut noma de Pa s Vasco. Con este fin se ha realizado una encuesta incluyendo un experimento de elecci n discreta. Para tratar las respuestas y obtener la valoraci n econ mica analizada, se ha aplicado un Modelo Logit Mixto. Los resultados indican que el atributo m s valorado de la sanidad p blica actual es el trato m dico y que existe heterogeneidad en las preferencias de los individuos res-pecto al tiempo de espera para especialista, intervenci n y confort hospitalario. Los grupos de individuos con preferencias diferentes al resto que se han podido identificar son los aut nomos, individuos con estudios universitarios e individuos con ingresos elevados. La aportaci n principal del trabajo es la cuantificaci n en unidades monetarias de las preferencias de los individuos con respecto a los servicios sanitarios en la Comunidad Aut noma de Pa s Vasco. Estas valoraciones podr an ser empleadas tanto en el mbito empresarial como en pol tica de asignaci n de recursos p blicos. Clasificaci n JEL: I11, I18, C35 Keywords: servicios sanitarios, experimento de elecci n discreta Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 71-99 Volume: 207 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/207_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:207:i:4:p:71-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baomin Dong Author-Email: baomind@stanford.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Henan University Author-Name: Tianpeng Zhou Author-Email: tianpeng.zhou@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Michigan State Univerisity Title: A Moral Hazard Model of Parental Care Abstract: One perplexing observation is that although men and women have different comparative advantages, cooperation is often only seen during child-bearing and rearing periods. One interpretation is that the juvenile offspring serves as an indivisible public goods to facilitate cooperation between opposite sexes of adults. We show that moral hazard in maternal parental care will either force the father to pay the mother a rent in order to induce optimal care (when the child is of intrinsic high quality) or set the care level at second best (when the child is of intrinsic low quality). The implications of the model can be extended to many issues in the family economics such as increasing divorce rate, pros and cons of monogamy versus polygyny, and evolving gender roles in human society etc. Classification-JEL: C72, J13, J16. Keywords: Pair Bonding, Moral Hazard, Parental Care. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 101-115 Volume: 207 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/207_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:207:i:4:p:101-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Gil Author-Email: joangil@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Guillem L pez Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Toni Mora Author-Email: tmora@uic.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat International de Catalunya Title: Taxation of unhealthy consumption of food and drinks: An updated literature review Abstract: By means of a literature review this paper aims at shedding more light on the potentialities of unhealthy food/drink taxation in changing eating patterns and life styles and hence combating the obesity epidemic. One remarkable point that emerges when assessing the set of selected papers is the existence of a wide diversity of objectives, methodologies, settings and datasets, policies implemented and results achieved by all these studies, which undoubtedly adds complexity to any attempt to draw a general conclusion on fast food taxation. Most of the examined studies predict a rather modest fiscal impact on unhealthy food and drinks consumption and/or nutrition intake and consequently a poor result on weight loss and obesity, by the interplay of several factors among them the effects of cross-price elasticities. Classification-JEL: H310, I12, I18. Keywords: Unhealthy food taxation, Fast food, Caloric drinks, Obesity Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 119-140 Volume: 207 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/207_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:207:i:4:p:119-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gema Fabro Author-Email: gfabro@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Jos Aixal Author-Email: jaixala@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Do the Models of Institutional Quality Differ According to the Income Level of the Countries? The Case of the Low-Income Countries Abstract: This paper contributes to the debate about which factors determine the institutional quality of countries. it uses explanatory economic, socio-political and cultural variables for three sub-samples of countries with different income level. The results validate the hypothesis that establishes there is not an only valid model of institutional quality for all countries. moreover, the limited explanatory capacity of the model for the low-income level sub-sample of countries has motivated the incorporation of other variables related to colonial origins, geographical location or life expectancy. The results validate the theoretical arguments that propose the use of these variables. Classification-JEL: O10, O17, O50 Keywords: Institutional quality, Aggregate governance indicators. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 11-26 Volume: 206 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/206_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:206:i:3:p:11-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos E. Bosc Author-Email: jose.e.bosca@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Rafael Dom nech Author-Email: rdomenech@bbva.com Author-Workplace-Name: BBVA y Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Javier Ferri Author-Email: Francisco.ferri@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Fiscal Devaluations in EMU Abstract: We use a small open economy general equilibrium model to analyse the effects of a fiscal devaluation in an EMU country. The model has been calibrated for the Spanish economy, which is a good example of the advantages of a change in the tax mix given that its tax system shows a positive bias in the ratio of social security contributions over consumption taxes. The preliminary empirical evidence for European countries shows that this bias was negatively correlated with the current account balance in the expansionary years leading up to the 2009 crisis, a period when many EMU members accumulated large external imbalances. Our simulation results point to significant positive effects of a fiscal devaluation on GDP and employment similar to the ones that could be obtained with an ex-change rate devaluation. However, although the effects in terms of GDP and employment are similar, the composition effects of fiscal and nominal devaluations are not alike. In both cases, there is an improvement in net exports, but the effects on domestic and external demand are quite different. Classification-JEL: E62, E47, F31 Keywords: Tax Mix, Fiscal Devaluation, Nominal Devaluation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 27-56 Volume: 206 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/206_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:206:i:3:p:27-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos D az Caro Author-Email: carlosdc@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Jorge Onrubia Fern ndez Author-Email: jorge.onrubia@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Jes s P rez Mayo Author-Email: jperez@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Progresividad y redistribuci n por fuentes de renta en el IRPF dual Abstract: En este art culo se analizan los efectos sobre la redistribuci n y la progresividad generados en el nuevo modelo dual de impuesto sobre la renta personal aplicado en Espa a desde 2007. Para ello desarrolla-mos una metodolog a que descompone la progresividad y el efecto redistributivo en funci n de los elementos b sicos de la estructura del impuesto y de la fuente de renta gravada (trabajo, capital y rentas de actividades econ micas). Los resultados emp ricos obtenidos a partir de las Muestras anuales de Declarantes de IRPF IEF-AEAT de 2006 y 2007 muestran que el nuevo IRPF dual mejor la progresividad global, si bien el coste recaudatorio de la reforma condujo a una p rdida en su poder redistributivo. Adem s, la reforma origin cambios en las aportaciones a la progresividad de los distintos elementos de la estructura del impuesto, aunque limitados entre fuentes. El peso relativo de las fuentes de renta y su influencia en los tipos medios efectivos resulta fundamental para explicar estos resultados Clasificaci n JEL: D31, H23, H24 Keywords: imposici n sobre la renta personal, IRPF, impuesto dual, redistribuci n, progresividad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-87 Volume: 206 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/206_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:206:i:3:p:57-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Alm Author-Email: jalm@tulane.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Tulane University Author-Name: Carolyn J. Bourdeaux Author-Email: cbourdeaux@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Title: Applying Behavioral Economics to the Public Sector Abstract: Behavioral economics , or the application of methods and evidence from other social sciences to economics, has increased greatly in significance in the last two decades. In this paper we discuss the basic elements of behavioral economics. We then assess several applications of behavioral economics to the analysis of the public sector, including specific applications to public economics and, importantly, to the closely related area of public budgeting. We conclude with suggestions on and predictions of topics in which future applications should prove useful. Classification-JEL: H0, H3, H61, H83 Keywords: Behavioral economics, public economics, public budgeting Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 91-134 Volume: 206 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/206_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:206:i:3:p:91-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Cordero Ferrera Author-Email: jmcordero@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Francisco Pedraja Chaparro Author-Email: pedraja@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Javier Su rez Pandiello Author-Email: jspandi@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Alfonso Utrilla de la Hoz Author-Email: autrilla@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: El ndice de evoluci n de los ingresos tributarios del Estado y sus efectos sobre la PIE municipal. Abstract: Este trabajo analiza los efectos que ha tenido la aplicaci n del ndice de evoluci n de los ingresos tributarios del Estado (ITE) en la determinaci n de las cuant as percibidas por los municipios en concepto de transferencias procedentes de la Participaci n en los Ingresos del Estado (PIE). El examen de las liquidaciones del modelo de financiaci n durante el periodo 2004-2010 pone de manifiesto que el procedimiento empleado para el c lculo de este ndice ha generado importantes distorsiones en la evoluci n de los recursos. De hecho, los resultados obtenidos en un ejercicio de simulaci n, en el que se comparan los resultados del modelo vigente con un escenario alternativo en el que se hubiera optado por el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) nominal como ndice de evoluci n de la PIE, muestran que esta segunda alternativa habr a limitado estas distorsiones adem s de haber proporcionado mayores transferencias a los municipios Classification-JEL: H70, H77 Keywords: Federalismo Fiscal, transferencias, Municipios Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 137-161 Volume: 206 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/206_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:206:i:3:p:137-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Fern ndez Llera Author-Email: robertofll@sindicastur.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Mar a A. Garc a Vali as Author-Email: mariangv@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: The Role of Regional Public Enterprises in Spain: Room for a Shadow Government? Abstract: The main objective of this paper consists of analyzing regional public sector enterprises (PSEs) in Spain. We provide a general overview of Autonomous Communities (ACs) financial resources in the context of the Stability and Growth Pact and Budgetary Stability Act. From 2002, such regulation imposes stringent constraints on ACs indebtedness. We investigate the PSEs as an alternative to traditional financing mechanisms. Descriptive and econometric analyses confirm our expectations related to this shift effect . In a dynamic context, a significant link between public debt and the creation of PSEs debt shows that ACs used public enterprises to avoid stringent financial rules. Classification-JEL: H74, L32. Keywords: Deficit, debt, public sector enterprises, regional governments, Spain Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-31 Volume: 205 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/205_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:205:i:2:p:9-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Vilaplana Prieto Author-Email: cvilaplana@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: Impacto sobre las cotizaciones sociales de la integraci n del Sistema Especial de Empleados del Hogar en el R gimen General: aplicaci n a los empleados que atienden a personas en situaci n de dependencia Abstract: Este trabajo aborda la integraci n del sistema Especial de Empleados del Hogar en el R gimen General de la Seguridad Social utilizando informaci n sobre empleados del hogar que atienden a personas dependientes. Se han comparado los efectos del Real Decreto 1620/2011 y Real Decreto-Ley 29/2012. Esta segunda reforma supone una reducci n del ahorro en las cuotas por contingencias comunes y profesionales de las que se beneficiaban empleados y empleadores con la primera reforma. Las simulaciones de ingresos de la Tesorer a de la Seguridad Social durante 2013-2019, en los diferentes escenarios, muestran un incremento de los ingresos con el segundo texto legislativo. Classification-JEL: H55, J38. Keywords: Empleador, empleado del hogar, cotizaciones sociales, Seguridad Social Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 33-69 Volume: 205 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/205_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:205:i:2:p:33-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yolanda Fern ndez Santos Author-Email: yfers@unileon.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Le n Author-Name: Almudena Mart nez Campillo Author-Email: amarc@unileon.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Le n Author-Name: Jos Miguel Fern ndez Fern ndez Author-Email: feedec@unileon.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Le n Title: Evaluaci n de la eficiencia y el cambio de productividad en el sistema universitario p blico espa ol tras la implantaci n de la LOU Abstract: La mejora de la eficiencia del Sistema Universitario P blico espa ol es una creciente necesidad tras la implantaci n de la LOU y ante la actual restricci n presupuestaria. En este contexto, este estudio tiene dos objetivos. Primero, evaluar la eficiencia t cnica relativa de nuestras universidades, as como la evoluci n de la productividad y sus causas, aplicando la metodolog a DEA a partir de una muestra de 39 instituciones p blicas espa olas entre los cursos 2002/03 y 2008/09. Segundo, descubrir si existen diferencias significativas entre ellas en eficiencia y cambio productivo en funci n de ciertas caracter sticas institucionales. Nuestros hallazgos revelan un nivel aceptable de eficiencia media en el sector durante el periodo analizado, as como un incremento de la productividad. Adem s, la especializaci n docente de las universidades parece conllevar niveles significativamente superiores tanto de eficiencia como de mejora productiva. Clasificaci n JEL: C61, D24, I23. Keywords: eficiencia t cnica, cambio de productividad, sistema universitario p blico espa ol, LOU, An lisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 71-98 Volume: 205 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/205_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:205:i:2:p:71-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Rossell Villalonga Author-Email: jrv3477@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Title: Stratification of Public Universities and Students Segregation Abstract: We present a model which allows us to show that stratification of public universities, according to the quality they offer and the quality of students they select, is a plausible result even in a public university system where tuition fees are uniform and decided by the administration. This result is similar to that observed in private and competitive university systems. We prove that it is very unlikely that segregation and stratification could be avoided by subsidizing those universities that are more inefficient. We show also that even if stratification and segregation could be removed through subsidies, it would be at the cost of reducing quality of education at the whole university system. Classification-JEL: H42, I28 Keywords: school choice, state and federal aid, stratification Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 99-124 Volume: 205 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/205_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:205:i:2:p:99-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: Angel.DeLaFuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de An lisis Econ mico Title: Las finanzas auton micas en boom y en crisis (2003-12) Abstract: En esta nota se analiza la evoluci n de las finanzas regionales durante la crisis actual y la parte final de la expansi n precedente. El ejercicio ayuda a poner en perspectiva la actual controversia sobre las finanzas auton micas. En ella se suele poner el acento en la dureza de los recortes de los ltimos ejercicios, olvidando la temeraria explosi n del gasto durante los a os anteriores al comienzo de la crisis. Cuando se toma el periodo en su conjunto, el proceso de consolidaci n presupuestaria que comienza en 2010 aparece como una correcci n parcial y tard a de los excesos de a os anteriores. Classification-JEL: H70 Keywords: gasto auton mico, ingresos auton micos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 127-150 Volume: 205 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/205_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:205:i:2:p:127-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz Author-Email: nacho.conderuiz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense FEDEA Author-Name: Clara I. Gonz lez Author-Email: gonzalez.claraisabel@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA Title: Reforma de pensiones 2011 en Espa a Abstract: El objetivo de este art culo es evaluar el impacto de la reforma de pensiones aprobada en 2011. A trav s de un modelo de proyecci n contable con agentes heterog neos y generaciones solapadas se proyectan los ingresos y gastos del sistema de pensiones para las pr ximas seis d cadas. En concreto, se eval a el impacto en t rminos de gasto que tendr cada una de las modificaciones aprobadas en tasa de sustituci n, ampliaci n del periodo de c lculo y retraso de la edad de jubilaci n. Adicionalmente, es el primer trabajo hasta la fecha que eval a el impacto de la reforma bajo cuatro escenarios migratorios alternativos: i) el publicado por el INE en el a o 2005 con una hip tesis de entrada neta de inmigrantes de 270.000 personas, ii) el publicado por el INE en 2010 donde el flujo neto migratorio se reduce a 70.000 personas al a o, iii) el m s reciente del INE del a o 2012 con flujos migratorios negativos hasta el a o 2036, y iv) otro escenario propuesto en este trabajo que incorpora una hip tesis migratoria vinculada a las necesidades de ocupados del mercado laboral. Finalmente, se analizan los cambios en las pensiones medias segun sexo, nivel educativo y nacionalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que estas tres modificaciones aprobadas (sin poder tener en cuenta el factor de sostenibilidad por falta de concreci n en la ley) podr an llegar a suponer un ahorro de 3 puntos porcentuales del PIB en el a o 2051, casi un tercio del incremento esperado del gasto hasta el a o 2051. Ante escenarios migratorios mas adversos, el ahorro seria cuantitativamente mayor pero en t rminos relativos supondr a un menor porcentaje del incremento de gasto en las pr ximas d cadas. Classification-JEL: H55, J11, J26 Keywords: envejecimiento, reforma sistema de pensiones espa ol, modelo de proyecci n contable, agentes heterog neos, generaciones solapadas Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-44 Volume: 204 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/204_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:204:i:1:p:9-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Cervini-Pl Author-Email: maria.cervini@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Girona Title: Exploring the Sources of Earnings Transmission in Spain Abstract: This paper explores the mechanisms behind the intergenerational earnings mobility in Spain by means of three exercises: calculating the transition matrix, decomposing the sources of earnings elasticity and estimating quantile regressions. By calculating the transition matrices we find a strong degree of persistence in educational attainment and especially in occupation. By decomposing the sources of earnings elasticity, we find that the correlation between children s and their fathers occupations is the most important component. Finally, quantile regressions estimates show that the influence of the father s earnings is greater when we move to the lower tail of the offspring s earnings distribution, especially for daughters. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Intergenerational mobility, earnings, transition matrix, quantile regression, two sample two stage least square estimator, Spain. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 45-66 Volume: 204 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/204_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:204:i:1:p:45-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agust n Molina Morales Author-Email: amolina@ual.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Almer a Author-Name: Ignacio Amate Fortes Author-Email: iamate@ual.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Almer a Author-Name: Almudena Guarnido Author-Email: guarnido@ual.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Almer a Title: Institutions and Public Expenditure on Education in OECD Countries Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting public expenditure on education with regard to OECD countries, with particular emphasis on the relationship between institutional quality and education spending. For this purpose, a data panel model was estimated for 33 countries over a period of 14 years (from 1996 to 2009, both years inclusive). The results obtained enable us to conclude that the greater the economic, social and democratic development of a country, the higher the spending on education undertaken by the government, even more so in the case of left-wing governments Clasificaci n JEL: H52, I21, I24. Keywords: Public expenditure, education, institutionalism, inequality, GDP Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-84 Volume: 204 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/204_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:204:i:1:p:67-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ra l del Pozo Author-Email: Raul.delPozo@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Francisco Escribano Sotos Author-Email: francisco.esotos@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Title: Coste agregado e individual esperado de la Ley de Dependencia en Espa a a partir de los modelos de simulaci n de Monte Carlo y Multi-Estado de Discapacidad Abstract: El presente trabajo, partiendo de distribuciones reales de prestaciones de dependencia seg n grado y Comunidad Aut noma (CA), estima el coste global y promedio individual de dependencia seg n grado baremado y comunidad de residencia, as como el coste individual actual en sentido actuarial seg n edad, sexo, grado de dependencia y comunidad de residencia. Se utiliza el modelo de simulaci n de Monte Carlo para la asignaci n de prestaciones de dependencia y distribuci n de individuos por comunidades, a partir de sus distribuciones multinomiales de probabilidad, y el modelo Multi-Estado de Discapacidad para el c lculo del coste actual en sentido actuarial. El montante global estimado de recursos a movilizar a nivel nacional en 2011 para dependencia asciende a 6.417,35 millones de euros, un 0,60% del PIB. Seg n grado, el coste promedio anual de dependencia asciende a 7.275,84 anuales para el grado II (dependencia severa) y a 10.541,76 anuales para el grado III (gran dependencia), con importantes diferencias entre CC.AA. Classification-JEL: C14, G38, H53, J14 Keywords: dependencia, costes, gasto p blico, simulaci n Monte Carlo, actuarial. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 85-110 Volume: 204 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/204_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:204:i:1:p:85-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luiz de Mello Author-Email: luiz.demello@oecd.org Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: What Can Fiscal Policy Do in the Current Recession? A Review of Recent Literature and Policy Options Abstract: This paper reviews the state of public finances in advanced and emerging-market economies as well as recent literature on fiscal multipliers and its implications for policymaking in the current reces sion. Sizeable fiscal support packages in the aftermath of the crisis, coupled with a prolonged slack in most large advanced economies, have pushed government debt to unprecedentedly high levels. Sustained medium-term consolidation is therefore needed at a time when the outlook for the global economy remains fragile. This challenging conjuncture has attracted renewed interest in the quan-tification of fiscal multipliers, which vary considerably depending on policy settings (e.g., interac tions among fiscal, monetary and structural policies) and the economic environment (e.g., simulta neous adjustment in a country s neighbours and trading partners, the level of government indebtedness, exchange rate regimes). Methodological considerations are also important when esti mating the potency of fiscal multipliers. Given that the medium-term consolidation needs of most advanced economies are large, and that the fiscal multipliers are likely to be strong in the current juncture, the paper also discusses options for embedding fiscal adjustment in broader policy pack ages that include supply-side measures to minimise the short-term effects of budget retrenchment on activity and foster stronger growth in the longer-term. Classification-JEL: E61, E62, H60. Keywords: fiscal multipliers, fiscal consolidation, structural reforms Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 113-139 Volume: 204 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 Month: March File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/204_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2013:v:204:i:1:p:113-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X. Ruiz del Portal Author-Email: rportal@econap.udl.cat Author-Workplace-Name: University of Lleida Title: On the Direct Versus Indirect Taxation Controversy Abstract: the well-known Atkinson and Stiglitz (1976, section 5) theorem on the superiority of nonlinear direct taxation over nonlinear indirect taxation is proved to hold under the second order approach, even on intervals where the monotonicity constraint is binding. this confirms for the nonlinear case previous findings by Kaplow (2006) and Laroque (2005), who considered a joint combination of linear indirect taxes and, possibly suboptimal, nonlinear income taxation. the intuition behind is that, when indirect taxation is not restricted to linearity, its elimination is only justified if the income taxation scheme becomes optimally chosen, as happens in Atkinson and Stiglitz (1976). In addition, our analysis allows for a more general class of sub-utility functions than the one in the Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem, which includes work done or income further to consumption goods and services. Finally, the possibility that optimal llocations fail to be differentiable, or continuous, is also contemplated unlike in the standard literatura. Classification-JEL: C6, D6, D8, H2 Keywords: Nonlinear commodity taxation; income tax-schedule; second order approach; Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem; binding monotonicity constraint; bunching. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-22 Volume: 203 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/203_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:203:i:4:p:9-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lourdes Jerez Barroso Author-Email: ljerez@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Fidel Picos S nchez Author-Email: fidel@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Vigo Title: La neutralidad financiera en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades: Microsimulaci n de las opciones de reforma para Espa a. Abstract: En las ltimas d cadas diversas l neas de reforma del Impuesto sobre Sociedades, como ACE y CbIT, han sido propuestas para eliminar el tratamiento fiscal preferente a la financiaci n mediante deuda. Este trabajo estima los efectos que tendr a en Espa a la aplicaci n de reformas de este tipo, mediante t cnicas de microsimulaci n aplicadas sobre la base de datos contable sAbI. Los resultados muestran las fortalezas y debilidades de cada una de las reformas, y sugieren la aplicaci n de f rmulas mixtas y/o la puesta en marcha gradual de las reformas como transici n hacia bases imponibles neutrales. Classification-JEL: H25, H32, C81 Keywords: Impuesto sobre Sociedades, ACE, CbIT, reforma fiscal, microsimulaci n Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 23-56 Volume: 203 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/203_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:203:i:4:p:23-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manel Antelo Author-Email: manel.antelo@usc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Title: A Revenue-raising Government Taxing a Firm with Private Information Abstract: This paper examines, for a two-period signalling game played by a revenue-raising government and a monopolistic firm in an asymmetric information context, how the government behaves when it taxes the firm s production. Information regarding the firm s efficiency (or its potential to pay taxes) is private; therefore, only the firm knows its type . To prevent opportunism and lead the firm to disclose information through its period-1 output, the period-1 per-unit tax needs to be lower than it would if information were perfect (and tax revenue is consequently lower). As a result, expected taxes increase with time. This behaviour generally (but not always) reduces social welfare. In contrast, when the government prefers the firm s information is not disclosed by the period-1 signal, the expected per-unit tax in such period is the same as it would be if information were perfect. Moreover, if the firm reveals no information, then welfare is generally (but not always) greater than it would be if information were perfect. The government would generally prefer information not to be revealed, because disclose would greatly reduce its period-1 tax income. From a social standpoint, information non-disclosure increases welfare, except when both the probability of the firm being efficient and its efficiency level relative to that of the inefficient firm are sufficiently high. Clasificaci n JEL: H21, D82. Keywords: Output-related Taxes, Revenue-raising Government, Asymmetric Information, Monopoly, Separating and Pooling Equilibrium Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-86 Volume: 203 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/203_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:203:i:4:p:57-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Jurado S nchez Author-Email: jurado@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Se financi la defensa a costa del gasto social y la econom a en el siglo XX? El dilema ca ones versus mantequilla Abstract: Las interrelaciones entre el gasto militar y el civil y sus consecuencias econ micas y sociales durante el siglo XX han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones desde hace varias d cadas. En las publicadas hasta mediados del decenio de 1970 se defiende que el gasto social y la econom a sufragaron la defensa, mientras que en la mayor a de las editadas despu s se sostiene que los ca ones no se fabricaron a costa de la mantequilla o no se hallan pruebas consistentes de lo contrario. Esta diversidad de resultados se debe a las diferentes teor as, metodolog as y t cnicas estad sticas utilizadas en la investigaci n de un asunto que ser a de gran inter s iniciar en Espa a. Classification-JEL: H51, H52, H53, H56, N41 y N43 Keywords: ca ones versus mantequilla en el siglo XX, gasto militar, gasto social, gasto p blico, crecimiento econ mico. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 89-117 Volume: 203 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/203_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:202:i:4:p:89-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Email: angel.delafuente@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de An lisis Econ mico Title: El sistema de financiaci n regional: la liquidaci n de 2010 y algunas reflexiones sobre la reciente reforma Abstract: El pasado mes de julio (de 2012) el Ministerio de Hacienda y Administraciones P blicas hizo p blica la liquidaci n del sistema de financiaci n de las comunidades aut nomas de r gimen com n correspondiente a 2010. En el presente trabajo se describe la distribuci n de recursos que se fija en este documento, que marca la madurez del nuevo modelo acordado en 2009, y se introducen algunos ajustes a las cifras oficiales de financiaci n a competencias homog neas con el fin de hacerlas m s comparables entre regiones. Tambi n se analizan las fuentes pr ximas de los cambios observados en la financiaci n de las distintas comunidades aut nomas entre 2009 y 2010 y se realiza una valoraci n de los efectos de la reciente reforma sobre la equidad del reparto territorial de los recursos del sistema. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Mecanismo de ajuste territorial de la recaudaci n del IVA, sistema foral de financiaci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 121-138 Volume: 202 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 Month: December File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/203_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:203:i:4:p:105-121-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sara Ayll n Author-Email: sara.ayllon@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Girona Author-Name: Cristina Blanco-Perez Author-Email: Cristinablanco79@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Title: State Dependence in Self-Assessed Health in Spain Abstract: This paper studies for the first time the importance of the contribution of state dependence to the explanation of self-assessed health dynamics in Spain. With this objective in mind, we estimate a series of econometric models including a new proposal for a Heckman selection model with an initial conditions equation run as an ordered probit. Evidence suggests that state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity account for much of the probability of reporting a specific health status while the significance of observed heterogeneity vanishes when controlling for both. However, state dependence looses importance once the error structure of the estimations is improved. Classification-JEL: I1, C1 Keywords: State Dependence, Self-assesed Health Dynamics, Unobserved Heterogeneity Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-30 Volume: 202 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 Month: Spetember File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/202_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:202:i:3:p:9-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Krieger Author-Email: tim.krieger@vwl.uni-freiburg.de Author-Workplace-Name: University of Freiburg Author-Name: Thomas Lange Author-Email: thomas.lange@unikonstanz.de Author-Workplace-Name: Univeristy of Konstanz Title: Education, Life Expectancy and Pension Reform Abstract: In a two-period model with agent heterogeneity we analyze a pension reform toward a stronger link between contributions and benefits (as recently observed in several countries) in a pension system with a Bismarckian and a Beveridgean component. We show that such a policy change may discourage human capital investment at the margin and thus reduce the average educational level in an economy. The life expectancy differential between skilled and unskilled individuals drives this result. Furthermore, we investigate the consequences on the intragenerational redistribution characteristics of the pension system in the sense of the number of net-recipients relative to net-payers as well as welfare effects. Classification-JEL: H55, I21, D39 Keywords: Social Security, Education, Life Expectancy, Pension Reform, Redistribution Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 31-55 Volume: 202 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/202_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:202:i:3:p:31-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Betty Agnani Author-Email: bagnani@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Henry Aray Author-Email: haray@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Efectos pol ticos sobre la acumulaci n de infraestructura p blica en las regiones espa olas Abstract: En este trabajo contrastamos estad sticamente los efectos que tienen sobre la tasa de crecimiento de la infraestructura p blica regional las combinaciones de partidos gobernando simult neamente en los Gobiernos central y regional. Utilizamos datos de panel para las Comunidades Aut nomas espa olas en el periodo 1988-2004 y encontramos evidencia de que ciertas combinaciones de partidos tienen efectos significativos sobre la tasa de crecimiento de la infraestructura p blica regional. Partiendo de los Motivos de Conveniencia Pol tica (Pork Barrel Politics) formulamos tres hip tesis relacionadas con la discriminaci n entre regiones, la sinton a ideol gica y la compra de apoyo pol tico. Nuestros resultados arrojan evidencia de discriminaci n en contra de las regiones gobernadas por partidos de la oposici n independientemente de si el Gobierno espa ol es dirigido por la izquierda o la derecha con o sin mayor a parlamentaria. Se evidencia sinton a ideol gica cuando gobierna el partido de derecha a nivel estatal, ya que las regiones gobernadas por ellos resultan especialmente favorecidas. Mientras que no encontramos pruebas que apoyen la existencia de compra de apoyo pol tico cuando el partido que dirige al Gobierno central est en minor a. Clasificaci n JEL: H54, H77, C23, O40 Keywords: Infraestructura p blica, Motivos de conveniencia pol tica, Datos de panel, Regiones espa olas. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 57-76 Volume: 202 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/202_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:202:i:3:p:57-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Fern ndez-Caballero Author-Email: laurafernandez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Diego J. Pedregal Author-Email: Diego.Pedregal@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Javier J. P rez Author-Email: javierperez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: Monitoring Sub-central Government Spending in Spain Abstract: The evolution of Regional and Local governments spending in Spain is currently under close scrutiny by national and international investors and analysts, international organizations and rating agencies. Indeed, some 50% of general government spending and some 70% of public employment are managed by Regions and Municipalities, which consequently have to bear a great portion of the overall fiscal consolidation plan currently under way. Despite recent efforts of the Spanish overnment at increasing transparency, the significant shortages of the existing data render the task of monitoring regional and local governments public spending in real-time a complicated endeavor. Within this framework, we exploit all available short-term information on sub-national governments spending from scattered sources, and find a subset of indicators usable for real-time policy analysis. In particular: (i) we compile a dataset on quarterly and monthly regional government s spending variables, by reviewing all available, scattered sources, and put together a database usable for economic and policy analysis; (ii) we exploit the compiled information, and other additional sources, by fitting time-series mixed-frequencies models to the data, and show the forecasting and monitoring capabilities of the selected shortterm fiscal indicators; (iii) we show that official annual budgetary targets do present a reasonable forecasting performance when used as indicators of regional and local spending targets in national accounts terms, in particular when used in combination with time series indicators. Classification-JEL: E17; E62; H68; H72 Keywords: Regional and Local Public Finances; Government Expenditure; Fiscal Forecasting Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 77-104 Volume: 202 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/202_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:202:i:3:p:77-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Zabalza Author-Email: azabalza@ercros.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Una nota sobre el ajuste del IVA en el sistema foral de financiaci n: Marco anal tico y propuesta de un nuevo mecanismo Abstract: Esta nota aborda tres cuestiones. En primer lugar, la inferencia del marco econ mico subyacente bajo el mecanismo de ajuste del IVA en el sistema foral de financiaci n, que se introdujo en la Ley 49/1985, de 27 de diciembre; en segundo lugar, un an lisis de los problemas asociados a este ajuste; y en tercer lugar, la propuesta de un nuevo mecanismo de ajuste que resuelve los problemas del anterior. Classification-JEL: H23, H73. Keywords: Mecanismo de ajuste territorial de la recaudaci n del IVA, sistema foral de financiaci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 105-123 Volume: 202 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 Month: September File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/202_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:202:i:3:p:105-123. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Enrique Devesa Carpio Author-Email: Enrique.Devesa@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Mar Devesa Carpio Author-Email: Mar.Devesa@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Robert Meney Gaya Author-Email: Robert.Meneu@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Amparo Nagore Garc a Author-Email: amparo.nagore@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Inmaculada Dom nguez Fabi n Author-Email: idomingu@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Borja Encinas Goenechea Author-Email: bencinas@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Equidad y sostenibilidad como objetivos ante la reforma del sistema contributivo de pensiones de jubilaci n. Abstract: Este trabajo plantea una nueva f rmula de c lculo de la pensi n inicial actuando tanto sobre la base reguladora como, fundamentalmente, sobre el porcentaje aplicado a dicha base o tasa de sustituci n. Dicha f rmula contiene dos partes diferenciadas, una que asegura el objetivo de equidad entre individuos, evitando distorsiones en el c lculo de la pensi n; y, otra, que controla la sostenibilidad financiera, corrigiendo la tendencia al desequilibrio financiero del sistema de pensiones debida al aumento en la esperanza de vida. Para calibrar la nueva f rmula se utiliza la Muestra Continua de vidas Laborales de 2008. Classification-JEL: H55, J26. Keywords: Pensi n de jubilaci n, Seguridad Social espa ola, Equidad financiero-actuarial, Muestra continua de vidas laborales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 9-38 Volume: 201 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/201_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:201:i:2:p:9-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry M. Levin Author-Email: HL361@columbia.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Columbia University Author-Name: Heather L. Schwartz Author-Email: hschwart@rand.org Author-Workplace-Name: RAND Corporation Title: Comparing Costs of Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: An International Perspective Abstract: The purpose of this article is to outline the determinants of early childhood care and education (ECCE) costs as well as a method for measuring them, and to set out available cost data provided by countries for their ECCE endeavors. The analysis is based upon comparison of available data for 17 countries. We first address why costs may differ significantly for ECCE from country to country. Second, we address why existing reporting of costs is highly inconsistent and typically incomplete, including an examination of disparities in reported ECCE expenditures across countries. Third, we outline an appropriate way, known as the ingredients method, for determining costs that can provide consistent measurement for comparative purposes Classification-JEL: I22, H5, I2. Keywords: Early Education, Costs, International Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 39-65 Volume: 201 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/201_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:201:i:2:p:39-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio S nchez Soli o Author-Email: asanoli@ciccp.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid Title: Optimizaci n de la transferencia de riesgos en los Contratos de Infraestructuras y Servicios P blicos Abstract: En este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo basado en la teor a de los incentivos para analizar la asignaci n optima de los riesgos en los contratos de infraestructuras y servicios p blicos, en un entorno de informaci n asim trica entre principal (Administraci n P blica) y agente (socio privado), y de aversi n al riesgo de este ultimo. La principal conclusi n del trabajo es que, en un contrato optimo, la transferencia del riesgo de demanda al socio privado ser mayor, frente al riesgo de disponibilidad, en la medida en que tengan mayor incidencia aquellas dimensiones de la calidad del servicio que puedan ser observadas por los usuarios pero no verificadas por la Administraci n. Clasificaci n JEL: D82, H54, H57, L97. Keywords: Incentivos, riesgo de demanda, riesgo de disponibilidad, contrataci n p blica, servicios p blicos. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 67-91 Volume: 201 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/201_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:201:i:2:p:67-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Jos Imedio Olmedo Author-Email: imedio@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Propiedades redistributivas del impuesto lineal Abstract: En este art culo se presentan diferentes caracterizaciones del impuesto lineal a partir de sus propiedades redistributivas, fijado el nivel de recaudaci n. Estas propiedades se refieren a la variaci n que produce el impuesto, al pasar de la distribuci n de la renta inicial a la de la renta disponible, sobre diferentes magnitudes: (1) la distancia vertical, en cada percentil, entre la curva de Lorenz (relativa o absoluta) y la l nea de equidistribuci n; (2) la distancia relativa (o diferencia) entre la renta de cada contribuyente y la renta media de la distribuci n; (3) la participaci n de cada contribuyente en la renta total; (4) el valor de los elementos de una determinada clase de medidas de desigualdad. En todas estas magnitudes se produce una contracci n uniforme al aplicar una funci n impositiva si, y solo si, dicha funci n es lineal. Classification-JEL: D31, d63, H23 Keywords: Tipo marginal, progresi n residual, curvas de Lorenz, medidas de desigualdad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 93-111 Volume: 201 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/201_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:201:i:2:p:93-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez i Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Marina Soley Bori Author-Email: marina.soley.bori@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Boston University Title: The Economic Crisis and it Effects on the Social Determinants of Health Abstract: With the economic crisis, the fight against unemployment in most countries 1 is coetaneous to the need to restrain public expenditure in closing budget deficits. As a consequence, spending cuts have started to affect a large number of decisions that directly or indirectly may be expected to have an impact on health. These effects are likely to be unevenly distributed among different groups within the population. Therefore, not just health levels but also its distribution may be at risk with the financial consequences of the crisis. The main message of this paper is to show first social concern on the nature of the trade-offs in redefining expenditure priorities. On the prescriptive side of our work we argue that in the present situation we should not focus so much on health expenditure as we should do on the social protection system as a whole. In addition, to fight against poverty (and not so much focusing on income inequality in itself) should be the most important consideration for health policy design. Thus, more selective, tailored made combination of integrated policies should be addressed. Fragile groups need to be prioritized at this stage in battling for poverty alleviation (poverty induces health losses) and for a sound job creation economy (workfare strategies require health at the same time that they produce health). Universal old-style welfare policies commonly lack focus, are not financially sustainable, and overall, they have lower redistributive impacts. Otherwise, random, not well understood, effects in welfare may result from these policies due to side effects from economic crisis, unemployment and changes in life style. Results may also depend on the type of groups benefiting from sustained social spending in practice. A welfare function is required in order to compare losers and winners . This is a part of the second welfare theorem where non superior Pareto agreements are achievable, and lack of consensus may easily emerge, in designing health strategies since politics may not build the necessary consensus for policies. Classification-JEL: H51, H5, I12, I18 Keywords: Economic Crisis, Health Inequality, Income Inequality, Income Related Health Inequalities, Socioeconomic Determinants of Health, Intergenerational Welfare Policies. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 113-132 Volume: 201 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 Month: June File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/201_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:201:i:2:p:113-132. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Boadway Author-Email: boadwayr@econ.queensu.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Queen s University Title: Recent Advances in Optimal Income Taxation Abstract: This paper reviews recent contributions to the theory of optimal taxation, particularly those that are policy-relevant. These include refinements of the Mirrlees optimal income tax model, optimal redistribution when workers make labour decisions along the extensive margin, generalizations of the atkinson-Stiglitz and deaton Theorems on uniform commodity taxation, the implications of involuntary unemployment for redistribution and unemployment insurance, dynamic optimal taxation and the taxation of capital income, non-tax instruments for redistribution, and problems arising if preferences are heterogeneous. Classification-JEL: H21, H24, H25 Keywords: Optimal Taxation, Intensive Margin, Extensive Margin Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 15-39 Volume: 200 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/200_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:200:i:1:p:15-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre Pestieau Author-Email: p.pestieau@ulg.ac.be Author-Workplace-Name: University of Li ge Author-Name: Gregory Ponthiere Author-Email: gregory.ponthiere@ens.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Paris School of Economics and Ecole Normale Sup rieure Title: The Public Economics of Increasing Longevity Abstract: One of the greatest success stories in our societies is that people are living longer, life expectancy at birth being now above 80 years. Whereas the lengthening of life opens huge opportunities for individuals if extra years are spent in prosperity and good health, it is however often regarded as a source of problems for policy-makers. The goal of this paper is to examine the key policy challenges raised by increasing longevity. For that purpose, we first pay attention to the representation of individual preferences, and to the normative foundations of the economy, and, then, we consider the challenges raised for the design of the social security system, pension policies, preventive health policies, the provisi n of long term care, as well as for long-run economic growth. Classification-JEL: H21, H55, I12, I13, J10. Keywords: Life Expectancy, Mortality, Public Policy Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 41-74 Volume: 200 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/200_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:200:i:1:p:41-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frank A. Cowell Author-Email: f.cowell@Ise.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: STICERD and London School of Economics Title: Bequests, Taxation and the Distribution of Income and Wealth Abstract: We examine the role of taxation within a simple model of wealth accumulation transmission from generation to generation. It turns out that the role of bequest taxation may be central to the development of inequality in the long run. Whether it does so depends on the the way that consumption behaviour by each generation is determined. Classification-JEL: D63, H24. Keywords: Bequests, Wealth Taxation, Income Distribution, Wealth Distribution Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 75-93 Volume: 200 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/200_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:200:i:1:p:75-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Mart nez-V zquez Author-Email: jorgemartinez@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Author-Name:Violeta Vulovic Author-Email: vvulovic2@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Author-Name: Blanca Moreno Dodson Author-Email: bmorenododson@worldbank.org Author-Workplace-Name: The World Bank Title: The Impact of Tax and Expenditure Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from a Large Panel of Countries Abstract: This paper focuses is on the potential role that taxation and public expenditure policies play in general in affecting income distribution. We find that progressive personal income taxes and corporate income taxes reduce income inequality. However, the effect of corporate income taxes seems to be eroded away in open or globalized economies. We also find that general consumption taxes, excise taxes and customs duties have a negative impact on income distribution. on the expenditure side, we find that higher shares of GDP on social welfare, education, health and housing public expenditures have a positive impact on income distribution. Classification-JEL: H23, H24, H51, H52, H53, H54 Keywords: Tax Policy, Public Expenditures, Income Distribution, Tax Progressivity Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Economics Pages: 95-130 Volume: 200 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/200_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:200:i:1:p:95-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip A. Curry Author-Email: pacurry@uwaterloo.ca Author-Workplace-Name: University of Waterloo Author-Name: John E. Roemer Author-Email: john.roemer@yale.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Yale University Title: Evolutionary Stability of Kantian Optimization Abstract: In nash equilibrium, agents are autarchic in their optimization protocol, whereas in Kantian equilibrium,they optimize in an interdependent way. Typically, researchers into the evolution of homo economicus treat preferences as being determined by selective adaptation, but hold fixed the optimization protocol as autarchic. here, we ask whether natural selection might choose the optimizing protocol to be either autarchic or interdependent. That is, will Kantian players, for whom the stable concept is Kantian equilibrium drive nash players (for whom the stable concept is nash equilibrium) to extinction, or otherwise? The answer depends upon whether players can signal their type to others. Classification-JEL: C73, C62, D64 Keywords: Kantian equilibrium, nash equilibrium, evolutionary Stable Strategy, cooperation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Review of Public Ecomocs Pages: 131-146 Volume: 200 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/200_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2012:v:200:i:1:p:131-146. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio G mez G mez-Plana Author-Email: agomezgp@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Pedro Pascual Arzoz Author-Email: ppascual@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Title: Fraude fiscal e IVA en Espa a: incidencia en un modelo de equilibrio general. Abstract: El objetivo del trabajo es cuantificar y analizar los efectos que podr an derivarse de la reducci n del fraude fiscal en Espa a. Como herramienta de an lisis se emplea un modelo de equilibrio general aplicado que incorpora diferentes escenarios de mejora en el cumplimiento fiscal y permite obtener las repercusiones, tanto para los diferentes sectores de actividad econ mica, como para los hogares. Para calcular las magnitudes de todos estos cambios, se utilizan diferentes escenarios. Implementando una regla de neutralidad recaudatoria, la simulaci n de estas mejoras en el cumplimiento fiscal y en la recaudaci n se logra aproximando los tipos efectivos reales a los tipos nominales del Impuesto sobre el Valor Anadido (IVA) y un descenso equivalente en los tipos efectivos de las cotizaciones sociales. Tambi n se considera un escenario Lumpsum y otro sin neutralidad recaudatoria. Los resultados del an lisis de la reducci n de la evasi n e incidencia impositiva diferencial muestran que podr a provocar efectos positivos en variables macroecon micas relevantes. As , con neutralidad recaudatoria, cuando se reduce la evasi n en los sectores fraudulentos, por cada 1,4 puntos porcentuales que aumenten los tipos efectivos del IVA, el PIB crece 1,33%, el empleo aumenta 1,57%, los salarios reales y la rentas de capital suben en 0,76% y 0,06%, respectivamente, la recaudaci n aumentar a en torno a un 20%, y tambi n se produce una mejora del bienestar del pa s del 0,48%. Adem s se infiere la conveniencia de plantear una estrategia de inspecci n fiscal intersectorialmente diferenciada, focaliz ndola en determinados sectores. Classification-JEL: D58, H26, H22. Keywords: Fraude fiscal, Impuesto sobre el Valor Anadido, Modelos de equilibrio General aplicado. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-52 Volume: 199 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/199_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:199:i:4:p:9-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Ignacio Garc a P rez Author-Email: jigarper@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Author-Name: David Troncoso Ponce Author-Email: dtropon@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Title: La introducci n de la renta graria: una evaluaci n del impacto sobre la oferta de trabajo en Andaluc a y Extremadura. Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto que la introducci n de la Renta Agraria, como instrumento de protecci n por desempleo en el sector agrario, ha tenido sobre la oferta de trabajo en Andaluc a y Extremadura en el periodo comprendido entre 2004 y 2009. Se pretende analizar si la introducci n de esta nueva medida de protecci n ha modificado el comportamiento de la oferta de trabajo afectada por la misma, frente a los trabajadores que siguen percibiendo el antiguo Subsidio Agrario. Para evaluar los posibles efectos provocados por la introducci n de dicha pol tica, empleamos la metodolog a de evaluaci n causal, estimando el efecto medio del tratamiento (consistente en cobrar Renta Agraria). Nuestros resultados indican claramente que los trabajadores que cobran dicha renta tienen, tras un episodio de cobro, una duraci n media del desempleo menor, una duraci n media de los empleos encontrados en el R gimen Especial Agrario mayor y una probabilidad de reemplearse en trabajos agrarios superior, comparado con la correspondiente a individuos que cobran Subsidio Agrario. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de reemplearse en el R gimen General es mayor para estos ltimos. Classification-JEL: C31, J43, J64, J65 Keywords: desempleo, propensity score matching, evaluacion de politicas, prestaciones por desempleo. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 53-80 Volume: 199 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/199_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:199:i:4:p:53-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudio Thieme Author-Email: Claudio.thieme@udp.cl Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Diego Portales Author-Name: Diego Prior Author-Email: diego.prior@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: V ctor Gim nez Author-Email: victor.gimenez@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Emili Tortosa-Ausina Author-Email: tortosa@uji.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Jaume I Title: Desempe o de los centros educativos: un problema de recursos o capacidades organizativas? Abstract: Este estudio cuantifica los requerimientos de mejora de gesti n y de dotaci n de recursos y capacidades que debieran experimentar los centros educativos en Chile para alcanzar niveles ptimos de desempe o. Para ello conjuga el conocimiento proveniente desde el campo de la eficiencia t cnica, la eficacia escolar y la teor a de recursos y capacidades. Se concluye que la mejora de resultados, producto de un incremento en la dotaci n de recursos, es mayor que las mejoras de resultados de logro acad mico alcanzables por mejoras en la eficiencia. En particular, este aumento en la dotaci n de recursos en el medio plazo debiera ser, en promedio, mayor en infraestructura y equipamiento; alcanzando un mayor rendimiento en caso de focalizarse en las escuelas con un entorno social m s desfavorecido. Classification-JEL: C61, H52, I21. Keywords: eficiencia t cnica, eficacia escolar, recursos y capacidades, orden-m. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 81-118 Volume: 199 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/199_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:199:i:4:p:81-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Pati o Rodr guez Author-Email: pato@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Title: La incidencia del gasto p blico en educaci n sobre la distribuci n del bienestar econ mico en Espa a. Abstract: Este trabajo aborda la incorporaci n de transferencias p blicas en especie en los estudios sobre la distribuci n de la renta y el bienestar. En particular, nos ocupamos de analizar la incidencia que tiene la inclusi n de la educaci n p blica. Para ello, hemos imputado al consumo de las familias una cuantificaci n de la transferencia por tal servicio prestada en Espa a en el a o 2006. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el gasto en educaci n p blica reduce la desigualdad de un modo apreciable y estad sticamente significativo en los niveles b sico y secundario. Por el contrario, no se observa un efecto importante en el nivel universitario. Por ltimo, la educaci n p blica tambi n reduce las desigualdades a nivel territorial, en concreto mejora la cohesi n entre las comunidades aut nomas. Classification-JEL: D63, H42, I21. Keywords: Desigualdad de la renta, educaci n p blica, incidencia de las transferencias en especie Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 119-148 Volume: 199 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/199_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:199:i:4:p:119-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Mar a Arranz Author-Email: josem.arranz@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Carlos Garc a Serrano Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: Are the MCVL tax data useful? Ideas for mining Abstract: This article analyzes the tax data from the Spanish Continuous Sample of Working life , which contains an overview for each fiscal year of all income tax withholdings and prepayments on earned income, economic activities and income assignments of salaried workers, pensioners and recipients of unemployment benefits. To that end, we present the characteristics of these data; we provide a detailed statistical description for the years 2004-2009, linked to information from personal files and those of contributors to the Spanish social security system; and we highlight the opportunities for analysis of some issues related to the labour market and income distribution. Classification-JEL: C81, H0, H2, J3 Keywords: tax data, MCVl, income, labour market, panel dat Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 151-186 Volume: 199 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 Month: December File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/199_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:199:i:4:p:151-186. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cruz A. Echevarr a Author-Email: cruz.echevarria@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Author-Name: Amaia Iza Author-Email: amaia.iza@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco Title: Social security, education retirement and growth Abstract: This paper analyzes, firstly, the expected effects of social security reforms that have been implemented in Spain after 2004 (and, secondly, the expected effects of reductions in the minimum pension) on retirement decision and human capital accumulation (and hence on growth and on income inequality). Individuals in our model economy differ in their innate ability and growth is a by-product of the most skilled individuals productivity. According to our model, i) increases in the minimum and normal retirement ages are expected to have a strong effect, not only on individuals retirement decisions, but also on their education investment; ii) augmented incentives to late retirement are not expected to have any effect; iii) reductions in the minimum pension are not expected to have a significant effect unless it is completely eliminated. Classification-JEL: O4, H3 Keywords: Social Security; Pay-as-you-go; Voluntary Retirement; Human Capital; Minimum Pen Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-36 Volume: 198 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/198_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:198:i:3:p:9-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mario F. Rueda Narv ez Author-Email: mfrueda@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: M . Luc a Navarro G mez Author-Email: l_navarro@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Las ganancias de los trabajadores inmigrantes en Espa a Abstract: Este trabajo proporciona evidencia emp rica en cuanto a los salarios de los inmigrantes en Espa a y ofrece una medida de la discriminaci n de este grupo en comparaci n con los asalariados nativos. En base a los datos de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL), que permite el an lisis de distintos subgrupos de la poblaci n extranjera (por regi n de procedencia, Comunidad en la que trabajan, etc.), se estiman ecuaciones de ganancias para nativos e inmigrantes, utilizando modelos Tobit. Posteriormente, se usan tales resultados para estudiar la distribuci n de los diferenciales salariales entre espa oles e inmigrantes, adaptando la metodolog a de Jenkins (1994). Classification-JEL: J70, F22, C24 Keywords: Inmigraci n, Discriminaci n salarial, An lisis distribucional. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 37-65 Volume: 198 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/198_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:198:i:3:p:37-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo lvarez de Toledo Author-Email: pabloat@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Author-Name: Fernando N ez Author-Email: fnunezh@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Author-Name: Carlos Usabiaga Ib ez Author-Email: cusaiba@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad pablo de Olavide Title: An empirical analysis of the matching process in Andalusian Abstract: This work boasts a double objective: not only does it attempt to offer a complete panorama of the matching process in Andalusian public employment agencies (Servicio Andaluz de Empleo, SAE) for both sides of the job market (vacancies and job demands) based on duration analysis, but also to assess the degree to which the matching process of the vacancies approaches a stock-flow theoretical model. The proposed test for the vacancies, based on a ratio of hazard rates, requires the estimation of a competing risks duration model. The main result obtained is the existence of certain evidence in favour of the stock-flow friction. Classification-JEL: J63, J64. Keywords: Public Employment Agencies, Labour Matching, Vacancies, Duration Models, Stock-Flow Model. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 67-102 Volume: 198 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/198_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:198:i:3:p:67-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inmaculada Cebri n Author-Email: inmaculada.cebrian@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: niversidad de Alcal Author-Name: Gloria Moreno Author-Email: gloria.moreno@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Luis Toharia Author-Email: luis.toharia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: La estabilidad laboral y los programas de fomento de la contrataci n indefinida. Abstract: Este trabajo eval a desde una perspectiva microecon mica los efectos de las pol ticas de fomento del empleo indefinido como una v a para reducir las altas tasas de temporalidad. En concreto, se analiza la estabilidad de los contratos indefinidos, medida a trav s de su duraci n, diferenciando si se trata de contratos pertenecientes a los programas de fomento de la contrataci n indefinida, seg n reciban bonificaciones a las cuotas de la Seguridad Social y el coste de despido que llevan asociados. La base de datos utilizada procede del enlace de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales con los registros de contratos del Servicio Publico de Empleo Estatal. Classification-JEL: J08, J38 Keywords: Estabilidad laboral, programas de fomento, contrataci n indefinida, an lisis de la duraci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 103-127 Volume: 198 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/198_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:198:i:3:p:103-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Estela S enz Rodr guez Author-Email: essaenz@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Marcela Sabat Sort Author-Email: msabate@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: M . Dolores Gadea Rivas Author-Email: lgadea@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Condiciona la apertura exterior el tama o del sector p blico? Un panorama Abstract: Este articulo contiene una revisi n de la literatura emp rica que contrasta el v nculo entre apertura externa y tama o del sector p blico. En teor a, la hip tesis de compensaci n (Rodrik, 1996,1998) postula una relaci n positiva para el vinculo. En la pr ctica, los abundantes trabajos acumulados en los ltimos diez a os muestran resultados heterog neos. La t cnica de meta-an lisis nos permite identificar factores (m todo de estimaci n econom trico, medida del sector p blico y rea geogr fica de referencia) que explican esa divergencia. Classification-JEL: F41 Keywords: apertura exterior, tama o del sector publico, hip tesis de compensaci n, meta-an lisis. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 131-149 Volume: 198 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/198_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:198:i:3:p:131-149. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio di Paolo Author-Email: Antonio.DiPaolo@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Knowledge of catalan, public/pr vate sector choice and earnings: Evidence from a double sample selection model Abstract: This paper explores the earnings return to Catalan knowledge for public and private workers in Catalonia. In doing so, we allow for a double simultaneous selection process. We consider, on the one hand, the non-random allocation of workers into one sector or another, and on the other, the potential self-selection into Catalan proficiency. In addition, when correcting the earnings equations, we control for the correlation between the two selectivity rules. Our findings suggest that the apparent higher language return for public sector workers is entirely accounted for by selection effects, whereas knowledge of Catalan has a significant positive return in the private sector, which is somewhat higher when the selection processes are taken into account. Classification-JEL: J24, J45, J70, C31 Keywords: Language, Sector Choice, Earnings, Simultaneous Selection, Catalonia. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-35 Volume: 197 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/197_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:197:i:2:p:9-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julio L pez Laborda Author-Email: julio.lopez@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Antonio Zabalza Author-Email: antonio.zabalza@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Mantenimiento temporal de la equidad horizontal en el sistema de financiaci n auton mica. Abstract: Este trabajo propone un mecanismo de actualizaci n del sistema de financiaci n auton mica que mantiene la equidad horizontal a lo largo del tiempo, al que se denomina mecanismo de las Relatividades Constantes . En este contexto, el trabajo examina cr ticamente el concepto de necesidades de gasto utilizado en la financiaci n auton mica espa ola, propone una definici n operativa del mismo, e identifica un ndice global de necesidades que replica la distribuci n de recursos normativos del nuevo modelo de financiaci n. Utilizando este ndice global, el art culo ilustra emp ricamente el mecanismo de actualizaci n propuesto y compara los resultados con los obtenidos a partir de la regla existente en el modelo vigente. Classification-JEL: H71, H73, H77. Keywords: financiaci n auton mica, equidad horizontal, actualizaci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 37-65 Volume: 197 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/197_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:197:i:2:p:37-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Garcimart n Author-Email: carlos.garcimartin@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Santiago D az de Sarralde Author-Email: Santiago.sarralde@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Jes s Ruiz-Huerta Author-Email: jesus.ruizhuerta@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Title: La reforma del modelo de financiaci n auton mica. Implicaciones sobre su capacidad de convergencia. Abstract: En el presente trabajo se analiza la reforma del sistema de financiaci n de las CC.AA. aprobada en diciembre de 2009 desde el punto de vista de su capacidad para promover la convergencia (o evitar la dispersi n) en la financiaci n por habitante de las distintas Comunidades. Como se intenta demostrar, no puede establecerse de forma inequ voca cu l de los dos sistemas, el nuevo o el antiguo, es m s favorable a dicha convergencia. La respuesta depender de las evoluciones relativas de poblaci n e ingresos tributarios per c pita, as como de la relaci n de ambas con el Fondo de Suficiencia. Ahora bien, realizando una simulaci n de las circunstancias reales que existieron en los a os en que el anterior sistema estuvo en vigor, el aumento de dispersi n que efectivamente tuvo lugar hubiera sido notablemente inferior si el nuevo modelo hubiera estado vigente. Classification-JEL: H71, H77. Keywords: financiaci n auton mica, recursos per c pita, convergencia Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 67-85 Volume: 197 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/197_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:197:i:2:p:67-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Viani Author-Email: bruviani@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Peru Title: Can Governments signal commitment in privatization sales? Abstract: The literature on staggered privatization sales suggests that governments can effectively signal commitment to not expropriate the future rents of privatized firms. The privatization of telephone firms around the world provides an excellent opportunity to test this theory. Using a sample of repeated privatization sales I test whether governments can effectively signal commitment by selling ownership gradually and transferring managerial control immediately. The use of panel data with fixed-effects provides consistent estimates when commitment is not observed and time-invariant. Unobserved commitment is rendered time-invariant by using repeated sales within a government administration, typically within two years. The results cast doubt on the ability of governments to effectively signal commitment and increase the market value of firms in privatization sales. These results hold for several signals tested. Classification-JEL: D7, D8, G12, L33 Keywords: Privatization, signal, commitment Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 87-110 Volume: 197 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/197_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:197:i:2:p:87-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lourdes Jerez Barroso Author-Email: ljerez@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Base imponible y neutralidad del Impuesto de Sociedades: alternativas y experiencias. Abstract: La falta de neutralidad del Impuesto sobre la Renta de Sociedades (IS) con respecto a las decisiones de inversi n y financiaci n ha originado propuestas de bases imponibles m s neutrales, cuyo inter s ha sido avalado por la experiencia de algunos pa ses que las han puesto en pr ctica durante los ltimos quince a os. La motivaci n de este trabajo es analizar esas bases imponibles alternativas, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre el futuro dise o del IS en el escenario de una econom a globalizada. Finalmente, apostamos por la combinaci n Comprehensive Business Income Tax-Allowance for Corporate Equity para el dise o de un IS m s neutral, como f rmula de consenso entre los factores que condicionan su estructura, especialmente el mantenimiento del tipo impositivo nominal en torno a la media de los pa ses europeos. Classification-JEL: H20, H25, M41. Keywords: Impuesto sobre la Renta de Sociedades, reforma fiscal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 113-146 Volume: 197 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/197_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:191:i:2:p:113-146. Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Reis Mourao,Ph.D Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: University of Minho Title: Sins of the elder: Fiscal illusion in democracies. Abstract: This work discusses the implications of democratic maturity on levels of Fiscal Illusion. Its main contribution is to identify the relevance of good-governance institutions that prevent incumbents in established democracies from degenerating into electoral rent-seekers. This work develops a model that converges with a Gordon (1989) type theorem. This theorem predicts that some countries ruled by incumbents are more likely to revert to FI practices as the electorate s maturity increases and if there are no strong restrictions on the social acceptance of political rents. Our empirical results show that democratic maturity tends to diminish fiscal illusion. Classification-JEL: H6, O11, D72 Keywords: Democratic maturity; Fiscal Illusion; rent-seeking. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-35 Volume: 196 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 Month: january File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/196_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:196:i:1:p:9-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Vicente Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valladolid Author-Name: Pablo de Frutos Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valladolid Title: Application of the travel cost method to estimate the economic value of cultural goods: Blockbuster art exhibitions Abstract: In recent years a growing number of studies have started to apply non-market valuation methods to estimate the economic value of cultural goods. The majority of these studies use stated preference techniques, such as the contingent valuation method. This study discusses the application of the travel cost method to estimate the economic value of a specific type of cultural good: special exhibitions. The empirical work focuses on the touring exhibition the Ages of Mankind , one of the first and most representative examples of a blockbuster art exhibition in Spain. This is the first time, as far as we know, that this method has been applied to a large temporary exhibition and is one of the few applications of this method in the valuation of cultural goods. Classification-JEL: H41, D60, Z11 Keywords: Blockbuster arts exhibitions, non-market valuation, revealed preferences, travel cost method, cultural economics. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 37-63 Volume: 196 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 Month: january File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/196_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:196:i:1:p:37-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Carlos B rcena-Ruiz Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Basque Country Title: Production externality and productivity of labor. Abstract: In this paper we consider two imperfectly competitive industries, with the polluting emissions from one industry harming the productivity of labor in the other. The polluting industry has to pay an environmental tax chosen by the government. In this framework, we analyze how the different organizational structure adopted by workers affect the environmental tax set by the government, total pollution emissions from the polluting industry and the productivity of workers in the industry that suffers the externality. We obtain that this depends on the degree to which pollution emissions from the polluting industry affects the marginal product of labor in the other industry. Classification-JEL: J51, D62 Keywords: Production externality, productivity of labor, environmental taxes, imperfect competition, unionized labor. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 65-78 Volume: 196 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 Month: january File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/196_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:196:i:1:p:65-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clemente Polo Andr s Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Raimundo Viejo Rubio Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Centro Superior de Hosteler a de Galicia Title: Efectos de aumentar las pensiones no contributivas de jubilaci n y las pensiones con complemento a m nimo de jubilaci n y viudedad a las personas mayores en Espa a. Abstract: En este art culo se presentan los resultados obtenidos al aumentar algunas de las pensiones m s bajas que perciben los hogares mayores de 65 a os en Espa a. Las simulaciones se han realizado con un modelo de equilibrio general aplicado y los resultados obtenidos indican que el aumento del d ficit p blico ocasionado por el incremento de las pensiones se podr a contrarrestar, sin imponer costes sustanciales a los hogares menores de 65 a os, elevando bien los tipos del impuesto sobre la renta o valor a adido; esos costes resultan notablemente m s altos cuando se elevan los tipos de las contribuciones a la Seguridad Social. Classification-JEL: R13, R15 Keywords: equilibrio general aplicado, bienestar hogares, pensiones jubilaci n, impuestos sobre la renta, IVA y cotizaciones sociales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 79-106 Volume: 196 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 Month: january File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/196_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:196:i:1:p:79-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Germ Bel Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Xavier Fageda Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: La reforma del modelo de gesti n de aeropuertos en Espa a: Gesti n conjunta o individual? Abstract: El modelo de financiaci n y gesti n de los aeropuertos est sometido a un proceso de reforma en Espa a. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a este proceso de pol tica p blica. Para ello, se caracterizan los modelos de gesti n aeroportuaria en los pa ses de la UE y anglosajones, y se analizan las principales reformas aplicadas en las dos ltimas d cadas. Nuestro an lisis sugiere que una reforma que individualice el sistema aeroportuario permitir a introducir competencia entre aeropuertos y mejorar a el proceso de formaci n de precios para recoger las necesidades de inversi n de cada aeropuerto. Adem s, facilitar a el dise o de mecanismos de subsidio m s eficientes, transparentes y eficaces para sostener a los aeropuertos de menor tr fico. Classification-JEL: L93, L32, L33, L44 Keywords: aeropuertos, transporte a reo, empresa p blica, privatizaci n, competencia Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 109-130 Volume: 196 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 Month: january File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/196_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2011:v:196:i:1:p:109-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bego a Cueto Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Luis Toharia Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name:Universidad de Alcal de Henares Author-Name: Carlos Garc a Serrano Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name:Universidad de Alcal de Henares Author-Name: Joan A. Alujas Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name:Universidad de Barcelona Title: Los efectos de la formaci n ocupacional: Importa la duraci n de las acciones? Abstract: En este art culo se eval a el Plan FIP desarrollado en Catalu a durante 2005 a partir de datos de registro administrativo. Dada su heterogeneidad, los cursos se dividen en tres grupos seg n su duraci n. Utilizando como t cnica de evaluaci n el propensity score matching y como grupo de control a los parados registrados no formados, los resultados muestran que los cursos de duraci n media y larga son los que m s aumentan la probabilidad de ocupaci n en los ocho trimestres siguientes a la participaci n. Tambi n se obtienen diferencias sustanciales en los efectos seg n sexo, edad, duraci n del desempleo y percepci n de prestaciones. Classification-JEL: J08, J21 Keywords: evaluaci n microecon mica, pol ticas del mercado de trabajo, formaci n ocupacional. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-36 Volume: 195 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/195_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:195:i:4:p:9-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier Vazquez Grenno Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona & Institut d Economia de Barcelona Title: Spanish pension system: Population aging and immigration policy. Abstract: There is a widespread consensus in the literature that, as a consequence of the demographic transition, the current Spanish pension systemwill become unsustainable in the decades coming. In this article we evaluate the sustainability of the contributory pension sub-system, taking into account the demographic projections by the Spanish Statistical Office (INE). A baseline scenario is projected as well as several reforms are simulated, focusing on: (i) an immigration policy, (ii) changes in the way of adjusting the pensions and (iii) increase of the legal age of retirement up to 68. Themain results are the following. The current systemwill not incur deficits until 2022, fromthis point onwards deficits will begin to be accumulated. The expenditure on pensions in terms of GDP will increased from 8.3% in 2009 to 17.0% in 2049. An immigration policy aimed at foreign young people would help, but would not ensure the long-term sustainability of the current system. A policy that combines pension growth at a pace lower than productivity growth and extends the legal age of retirement up to 68 would give solvency to the system beyond 2028. Classification-JEL: E62, F22, H55, J61 Keywords: Immigration policy; public pensions; fiscal sustainability. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 37-64 Volume: 195 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/195_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:195:i:4:p:37-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carola Pessino Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Torcuato Di Tella Author-Name: Ricardo Fenochietto Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name:Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Title: Determining countries tax effort. Abstract: This paper presents a model to determine the tax effort and tax capacity of 96 countries and the main variables from which they depend. The results and the model allow us to clearly determine which countries are near their tax capacity and which are some way from it, and therefore, could increase their tax revenue. Our study corroborates previous analysis inasmuch as the positive and significant relationship between tax revenue as percent of GDP and the level of development (per capita GDP), trade (imports and exports as percent of GDP) and education (public expenditure on education as percent of GDP). The study also demonstrates the negative relationship between tax revenue and inflation (CPI), income distribution (GINI coefficient), the ease of tax collection (agricultural sector value added as GDP percent), and corruption. Classification-JEL: C23, C51, H2, H21 Keywords: tax effort, tax frontier, tax capacity, tax revenue, stochastic tax frontier, inefficiency. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 65-87 Volume: 195 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/195_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:195:i:4:p:65-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel de la Fuente Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de An lisis Econ mico (CSIC) Title: El nuevo sistema de financiaci n regional: Un an lisis cr tico y proyecciones para 2009. Abstract: Las comunidades aut nomas y el Gobierno central han alcanzado recientemente un acuerdo para la reforma del sistema de financiaci n regional. En el presente trabajo se describe el funcionamiento del nuevo sistema y se ofrece una estimaci n tentativa de sus resultados financieros en su a o base efectivo de 2009. Tambi n se realiza una valoraci n cr tica de su dise o y de sus implicaciones para la distribuci n de los recursos p blicos entre territorios. Classification-JEL: H71, H77 Keywords: financiaci n auton mica Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 91-138 Volume: 195 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/195_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:195:i:4:p:91-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Fern ndez Llera Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de oviedo Author-Name: Carlos Monasterio Escudero Author-Email: @ Author-Workplace-Name:Universidad de Oviedo Title: Entre dos o entre todos? Examen y propuestas para la coordinaci n presupuestaria en Espa a. Abstract: El trabajo analiza los mecanismos de coordinaci n presupuestaria en Espa a, con especial atenci n a las Comunidades Aut nomas. Se eval a en particular la ltima reforma de la normativa de estabilidad presupuestaria de 2006. Los resultados muestran una eficacia general agregada en t rminos de reducci n del d ficit p blico, si bien son muy destacables algunos desbordamientos individuales en ciertas Comunidades Aut nomas. La crisis econ mica ha puesto a prueba la normativa de estabilidad presupuestaria y, por ello, se propone avanzar hacia un nuevo marco, m s flexible pero igualmente eficaz. Classification-JEL: H71, H74, H77 Keywords: d ficit, estabilidad presupuestaria, coordinaci n, Comunidades Aut nomas. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 139-163 Volume: 195 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/195_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:195:i:4:p:139-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Borra Author-Email: cborra@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Title: Childcare cost and Spanish mother s labour force participation Abstract: In Spain, female labour force participation is among the lowest in Europe. This paper analyzes the extent to which female labour force participation is affected by the cost of formal childcare. Both decisions, labour force participation and formal childcare use, are jointly considered by means of a bi-variate probit model that accounts for the sample selection. Based on data from the Spanish Time Use Survey, the study indicates that Spanish mothers labour force participation is very elastic to changes in childcare costs. Classification-JEL: J13, J22, C35 Keywords: Childcare costs, female labour participation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-40 Volume: 194 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 Month: October File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/194_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:194:i:3:p:9-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Creedy Author-Email: jcreedy@unimelb.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne Author-Name: Solamz Moslehi Author-Email: Smoslehi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne Title: The optimal composition of government expenditure among transfers, education and public goods. Abstract: This paper examines the optimal allocation of tax revenue among a universal transfer payment, a pure public good and expenditure on education. Using a single-period framework, education expenditure raises the productivity of individuals via a human capital production function. The social welfare function is based on individuals (indirect) utilities. Education creates a substantial fiscal spillover whereby the increase in human capital gives rise to higher labour earnings and thus higher income tax revenue, thereby allowing greater government expenditure on all items than would otherwise be possible. A higher inequality of exogenous ability levels is found to increase all types of expenditure, but only the transfer increases in relative terms. Higher inequality aversion leads to an increase in transfer payments in absolute and relative terms, at the expense of the other two components. However, there is little sensitivity to inequality aversion. An increase in the elasticity of the wage with respect to basic ability leads to lower education spending. Classification-JEL: H31, H41, H52, H53, H75 Keywords: government expenditure, public goods, education, transfer payments, social welfare function. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 41-64 Volume: 194 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/194_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:194:i:3:p:41-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Azpitarte Author-Email: azpitarte@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: The household wealth distribution in Spain: The role of housing and financial wealth. Abstract: We analyse the distribution of household wealth in Spain using the first wave of the Spanish Survey of Household Finances, conducted by the Bank of Spain in 2002. We study the distribution of the different wealth components and, using inequality decomposition techniques, we assess the contribution of each element to overall wealth inequality. We find that wealth is more unequally distributed than income, while housing wealth is much more evenly distributed than financial wealth. Moreover, we identify two groups of wealth components: one disequalizing group, which includes financial wealth, whose value and portfolio share increase with household wealth; and a second more equalizing one, including housing wealth, whose value increases with wealth, but their share in the portfolio does not. Finally, we show that differences between age groups do not explain why wealth is much more unequally distributed than income. Instead, business and home ownership are factors that clearly contribute to explain this feature. Classification-JEL: D14, D31 Keywords: Wealth, income, distribution, inequality decomposition. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 65-90 Volume: 194 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 Month: October File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/194_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:194:i:3:p:65-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Alonso Villar Author-Email: ovillar@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Coral del R o Author-Email: crio@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Segregation of female and male workers in Spain: occupations and industries Abstract: This paper studies female and male segregation in the Spanish labor market paying special attention to differences among industries. For this purpose, it studies segregation when jointly considering differences in 66 occupations and 4 large sectors (agriculture-fishing, construction, industry, and services), and analyzes the evolution of segregation from 1994 to 2009. In addition, it quantifies the occupational segregation within each large sector. In order to delve deeper in the analysis, differences between public and private services in terms of occupational segregation are also offered. In doing so, this paper uses additively decomposable indices, together with local segregation curves, recently proposed in the literature, which allows us to go further in the empirical analysis. Classification-JEL: J71, J16, D63. Keywords: Industrial segregation, local segregation curves, gender Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 91-121 Volume: 194 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/194_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:194:i:3:p:91-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Vilaplana Prieto Author-Email: cvilaplana@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: Estimaci n de la dependencia en Espa a a partir de la EDAD 2008. Abstract: The evolution of dependency in Spain will have a significant effect over long-term care demand. With the purpose of getting knowledge of the dimension of the dependent population, we apply the EDAD2008. Next, using the Short Term Demographic Projections drew up by INE, we develop different scenarios of dependency projections. We ascertain a growth of the institutionalization rate, a reduction of moderate dependency and an increase of high dependency, as well, as an acute process of dependency feminisation for the cohort older than 75 years. On the other hand, dependency projections point in favour of the morbidity compression model and exhibit a lesser dependency growth in comparison with previous estimations. Classification-JEL: I10, J11, J14 Keywords: dependency, disability, demographic forecasts Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 125-175 Volume: 194 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/194_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:194:i:3:p:125-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Title: La calidad del gasto p blico y su influencia en el desarrollo econ mico: una validaci n emp rica para los pa ses de la OCDE 1970-2005. Abstract: The assessment on the relevance of public spending on economic growth has deserved an important attention in the economic literature. However its empirical approach by testing the effects by an aggregate production function may mislead the results since the composition of public expenditure, more than its level, is crucial. In this paper, after surveying of the current state of affairs on the topic, we estimate for the OECD countries, and a period which extends from 1970 to 2005, a panel data regression on the level of growth and its rate, and on some proxy for the income inequality. We take as regressors the detailed composition of public expenditure according to functional categories (health, education, economic services ) and its economic classification (public consumption versus transfers as a proxy of in-kind versus money transfers ; public production chapter 1 against purchases and contracting out chapter 2 , current versus capital expenditure). Classification-JEL: H11, H50, H72, O40. Keywords: composition of public expenditure; economic growth; public finances, efficiency, OECD. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-48 Volume: 193 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/193_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:193:i:2:p:9-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Orea Author-Email: lorea@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: The effect of legal barriers to entry in the Spanish retail market: a local market approach. Abstract: Recent studies have shown that barriers to entry for large retail establishments in Spain have been increased in the last decade. Using information on local markets, we test whether the entry of large retail establishments was effectively limited by regional regulation and whether it effectively protected in-town shops from competition. We find that if entry barriers were reduced to their average level in 1997, the number of large retail establishments would increase by 11.7%. We also find that over-regulation in 1997 has improved in-town shops market position, with their number increasing by 13.8%. Classification-JEL: L11, L52, L81. Keywords: Barriers to entry, retail distribution, regulation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 49-74 Volume: 193 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/193_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:193:i:2:p:49-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Gil Izquierdo Author-Email: maria.gil@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Author-Name: Laura de Pablos Escobar Author-Email: lpablos@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Mar a Mart nez Torres Author-Email: mmtorres@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Los determinantes socioecon micos de la demanda de Educaci n Superior en Espa a y la movilidad educativa intergeneracional. Abstract: This paper has a two-folded aim: the determinants of Higher Education demand and the intergenerational educational mobility will be analyzed. As database, the EU-SILC (2005) is proposed. Educational demand function is estimated with a dogit model, while educational mobility is approached by using mobility indexes and transition matrix. Main results, referring to Higher Education demand, show a positive and significant impact on demand of mothers attained educational level and gender issues, as long as the presence of children and un-employed in a household has a negative influence. On the other hand, and related to mobility, for the Spanish case, children are more likely to attain higher levels of education than their parents. Besides, parents attaining the highest education level is a strong determinant of their children educational level. Classification-JEL: I21, J24. Keywords: Higher Education demand, dogit model, intergenerational educational mobility. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 75-108 Volume: 193 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/193_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:193:i:2:p:75-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Creedy Author-Email: jcreedy@unimelb.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne Author-Name: Norman Gemmell Author-Email: norman.gemmell@nottingham.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nottingham Title: Behavioural responses to corporate profit taxation Abstract: This paper examines behavioural responses by companies to changes in profit taxation in their home country. The elasticity of tax revenue with respect to changes in the corporation tax rate are decomposed into a variety of responses. As well as distinguising real from profit-shifting responses, it is important to separate the responses of gross profits from those of deductions (such as claims for past or current losses) where these are endogenously related to gross profits declared at home. This endogeneous response can be expected to differ over the business cycle, which can be important for empirical estimates of aggregate behavioural responses especially, but not exclusively, during cyclical downturns. It is suggested that the revenue elasticity can be expected to be asymmetrical between periods of aboveand below-trend growth, arising from the asymmetric treatment of losses by the tax function. Classification-JEL: H25, H32. Keywords: Corporation tax, profit shifting, revenue elasticity, tax asymmetries Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 109-130 Volume: 193 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/193_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:193:i:2:p:109-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justo de Jorge Moreno Author-Email: justo.dejorge@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Daniel Sant n Author-Email: dsantin@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Determinantes de la eficiencia educativa en la Uni n Europea. Abstract: One of the main concerns in the European Union (EU) is to improving educational achievements and the efficiency of the educational systems. In this work we analyse the educational efficiency in 18 European countries through a methodology that employs the pupil as decision making unit using PISA database. We calculate a whole frontier using data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the analysed pupils faced up to their own education. Efficiency scores are explained taking into account pupil, school, and country factors affecting the productive process. Results show that simply belonging to a country, repeating grade or even to be educated in a good managed school explains a high proportion of European pupils efficiency. Classification-JEL: C61, D20, I21, H52. Keywords: DEA, productive efficiency, education Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 131-156 Volume: 193 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/193_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:193:i:2:p:131-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inmaculada Garc a Mainar Author-Email: igarcia@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Carmen Marcuello Serv s Author-Email: cmarcue@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Isabel Saz Gil Author-Email: sazgil@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Trabajo voluntario en Organizaciones No Lucrativas: an lisis de los factores determinantes de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Abstract: Doing volunteer work in Nonprofit Organizations represents a means of community participation enriching the whole of a society and those involved. According to the 2002-2003 Spanish Survey on Time Employment, 10,8% of voluntary workers were men compared with 9,4% for women. However, studies on the characteristics of voluntary work show divergence regarding differences in participation when gender is considered. In this paper, based on the above-mentioned survey, a study is carried out of the factors influencing the decision whether or not to become a volunteer and the time to be devoted to this activity; an analysis is also made of whether these factors are different for women and men Classification-JEL: L3, M1 Keywords: Nonprofit Organizations, Participation, Volunteering, Gender Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-31 Volume: 192 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/192_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:192:i:1:p:9-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Germ Bel Author-Email: gbel@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Xavier Fageda Author-Email: xfageda@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Melania Mur Author-Email: mmur@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Por qu se privatizan servicios en los municipios (peque os)? Evidencia emp rica sobre residuos s lidos y agua. Abstract: This paper examines factors influencing privatization in solid waste collection and water distribution. We take advantage of data for a sample of municipalities of Aragon to identify the most important factors in small municipalities. The results of empirical analysis show that, for both services, the financial situation of the municipality influences significantly in delivery choices of small municipalities, while ideological factors are not relevant. The motivations related to costs differ according to the specific characteristics of the considered service. In this regard, the dispersion of population strata and intermunicipal cooperation play a particularly relevant role in small municipalities Classification-JEL: L33, R51, H72 Keywords: Privatization, contracting-out, local governments, small municipalities Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 33-58 Volume: 192 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/192_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:192:i:1:p:33-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Monasterio Escudero Author-Email: monaster@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Federalismo fiscal y sistema foral. Un concierto desafinado? Abstract: As a way of decentralizing Public Sector, the Foral System is a clear example of Asymmetrical Federalism, since Foral Finance can apply tax measures which the rest of Spanish Autonomous Communities cannot use. From the perspective of Fiscal Federalism, the Foral System gives great tax autonomy to Subcentral Finance, but as a result the Central Government has almost no tax devices. Nowadays, this system presents serious problems regarding to the contribution to national public goods financing and the cooperation to economic stabilization. In quantitative terms, analyzing financial relations between the Foral System of Basque Country and Central Government as a whole, the paid amount underestimates more than 2500 million of euros a year the contribution of Foral Finance for period 2002-2006 Classification-JEL: H71, H77. Keywords: Decentralization of Public Sector, Asymmetrical Federalism, Foral System of Basque Country. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 59-103 Volume: 192 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/192_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:192:i:1:p:59-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier A. Prado Dom nguez Author-Email: ajaprado@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Author-Name: Antonio Garc a Lorenzo Author-Email: aglec@uc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Title: Competencia e incentivos a la cooperaci n en la interacci n de grupos de inter s que pretenden aumentar su influencia pol tica directa: cu l es la importancia de la presi n pol tica? Abstract: This study is about the interactions between GDI and government under political pressure, in a context with an agency relationship and the existence of relevant information. In particular, interactions are studied when the agency relationship is with symmetric information and it is build a research model of the GDI-government interactions in a context with an agency relationship and asymmetric information, where groups can operate in a competitive or cooperative manner. The model highlights that government expectations of utility are higher when the GDI works together, and the benefit when the GDI makes pressure in an independent way is limited to the reserve. Cooperation establishes a type of relations based on credibility that benefit to the government and the GIDI, and this will help to strengthen those links Classification-JEL: D72, D78, D82, H10, H11 Keywords: Groups with Direct Influence (GDI), Political Pressure, Lobby (-ing), Agency Relationship, Symmetric and Asymmetric information Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 105-125 Volume: 192 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/192_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:192:i:4:p:102-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Lago Pe as Author-Email: slagop@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Jorge Mart nez V zquez Author-Email: jorgemartinez@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Title: La descentralizaci n tributaria en las Comunidades Aut nomas de r gimen com n: un proceso inacabado. Abstract: Even though fiscal decentralization in Spain has advanced in several fronts over the last three decades, important issues remain and the decentralization of tax capacity to regions is among the most important unfinished items. This review paper focuses on what has gone wrong and the causes for it, at the same time that proposes several avenues for reform in the future. The paper is divided in two parts. First, we quickly review the theoretical foundations of revenue assignments and the most relevant international experience in this area. Second, we critically assess the Spanish experience to date and outline what needs to be done in the future to strengthen fiscal autonomy, responsibility and accountability of sub-national governments Classification-JEL: H7, H2 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, tax decentralization, regional taxation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 129-151 Volume: 192 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/192_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2010:v:192:i:1:p:129-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Oca a P rez de Tudela Author-Email: carloso@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Yolanda Polo Author-Email: ypolo@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Francisco Javier Ses Author-Email: javisese@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Existencia y heterogeneidad de los costes de cambio en la industria de la Telefon a M vil. Abstract: Switching costs have received increasing attention from academics and practitioners in recent years.Although the implications of switching costs for consumers and firms have been well-documented in the literature, less attention has been paid to studying the consequences of switching costs for public policy. In general, switching costs have been shown to reduce market competition leading to higherprices, lower product and service quality, higher entry barriers and lower customer welfare. In order to gain more insight into the study of switching costs from a regulatory perspective and to evaluate the need for the regulator to intervene in the market, this study extends prior research in this field by measuring switching costs at the customer-level and investigating the switching costs distribution in the mobile phone market. The study results reveal that switching is costly in the mobile phone industry and that switching costs are highly heterogeneous among consumers. Implications for public policy are discussed. Classification-JEL: M38, H54 Keywords: Switching costs, public policy, mobile phone services, multilevel modeling Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-26 Volume: 191 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/191_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:191:i:4:p:9-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roi Dur n Author-Email: roiduram@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Mar a Xos V zquez Rodr guez Author-Email: maxose@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Efectos sociales de la contaminaci n ac stica. Una aplicaci n de valoraci n al transporte ferroviario. Abstract: The article describes an application of contingent valuation to estimate welfare losses caused by noise pollution in the railway line connecting Galicia and Portugal. In addition, temporary specification related to the payment vehicle in the valuation and the internationally used rating scales of annoyance were applied to the analysis of the data. Results show a positive willingness to pay of about 97 /household.We have observed that the correct definition of the temporary period in the payment vehicle plays a fundamental role in the quality of the results. We have also obtained that individuals show a simplified perception of the commonly used scale to rate the annoyance Classification-JEL: A13, D62, Q51, Q53. Keywords: contingent valuation, stated preferences, noise, railway transport, spike, non parametric models. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 27-42 Volume: 191 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/191_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:191:i:4:p:27-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Esteller Mor Author-Email: aesteller@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Jonathan Jorba Gim nez Author-Email: jjorba@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Albert Sol Oll Author-Email: asole@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: Las prioridades sociales de gasto en obra social de las cajas de ahorro: estimaci n a partir de la aplicaci n de un juego presupuestario . Abstract: How would you allocate an additional amount of 100 million among different welfare projects (WP)? Basically, this is the question that by means of a personal survey structured as a budget game has been asked to a sample of 519 people around all the Spanish territory in order to infer their expenditure priorities. The Welfare Projects (in Spanish, Obra Social ) is the main distinctive feature of the Spanish savings banks with respect to the rest of financial entities. That is why, it is so important analyzing to what extent the expenditure carried out by those entities in WP matches social preferences. First of all, from the results of the survey we infer a very intense demand for all those expenditure categories within the area so-called social and health assistance , followed by those related with research and education . Regarding this, by means of a simple econometric analysis, we have been able to show that the savings banks have internalized that social demand and so adjust their expenditure policy at the same speed that the citizenship demands. Second, the database obtained from the survey has permitted us carrying out a regression analysis in order to determine the patterns of social demand with respect to the WP. The results of the analysis show that variables like being customer of a savings bank, age, education level, income or the geographical area of residence have a significant impact on the socialpreferences expressed by the surveyed population. Classification-JEL: G2, H4, C8 Keywords: Welfare Projects, Social Preferences, Contingent Choice, Public Goods Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 43-72 Volume: 191 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/191_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:191:i:4:p:43-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Eduardo Mart nez P rez Author-Email: jorgemp@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Ildefonso M ndez Mart nez Author-Email: ildemm@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: Qu podemos saber sobre el Valor Estad stico de la Vida en Espa a utilizando datos laborales? Abstract: This paper analyzes what can be learned about the value of a statistical life (VSL) using the hedonic wage model. The time series variation of cross sectional estimates, along with the endogeneity of risk choices and the absence of adequate instruments recommends moving to panel data analysis. These estimates show that the evidence of a positive and significant VSL stems from people changing jobs possibly endogenously. Once again the absence of valid instruments recommends an alternative strategy and we move to identify bounds on the VSL. Controlling for measurement error and individual heterogeneity yields a range for the estimated VSL of 2.8-8.3 million Euros. Classification-JEL: D61, J17, J28, J31. Keywords: Value of statistical life; hedonic wages; endogeneity; panel data. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 73-93 Volume: 191 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/191_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:191:i:4:p:73-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a C. Latorre Author-Email: mmunozla@estad.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: The economic analysis of multinationals and foreign direct investment: a review. Abstract: This article provides an up-to-date, comprehensive synthesis and evaluation of the existing literatura on multinational firms and foreign direct investment. Unlike most previous reviews it combines severalinsights showing their inconsistencies and complementarities. Through a chronological description it presents the main strands since the earliest perfect competition studies from the 1960s till some new recent contributions such as the knowledge-capital model, heterogeneous firms models, and internalisation issues. The paper also offers a new perspective, by reviewing the available computable general equilibrium models that include multinationals and foreign direct investment. Classification-JEL: F21, F23, C68 Keywords: Multinational enterprises, Foreign direct investment, Computable general equilibrium models. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 97-126 Volume: 191 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/191_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:191:i:4:p:97-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jenny de Freitas Author-Email: jecadefreitas@yahoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Title: A probabilistic voting model of progressive taxation with incentive effects Abstract: The purpose of this work is to show under what conditions a marginally progressive income tax emerges as the result of political competition between two parties when labor is elastically supplied and candidates are uncertain about voters' decisions on election day. Assuming a decreasing wage elasticity of labor supply, if we follow Coughlin and Nitzan (1981), only marginal-rate progressive taxes are chosen by both candidates in equilibrium. If, instead, we adopt Lindbeck and Weibull s (1987) probabilistic voting model, the equilibrium tax schedule will be progressive as long as the political power of the rich voter is sufficiently low. The degree of progressivity decreases with population polarization. Classification-JEL: D3, D63, D72, H24 Keywords: Political economy, progressive taxation, elastic labor supply Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-26 Volume: 190 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/190_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:190:i:3:p:9-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teresa Leal Linares Author-Email: mtleal@dehie.uhu.ese Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Huelva Author-Name: Javier J. P rez Author-Email: javierperez@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: Un sistema ARIMA con agregaci n temporal para la previsi n y el seguimiento del d ficit del Estado. Abstract: Our aim is to develop a temporal aggregation ARIMA model to monitor and forecast the annual Spanish central government deficit in order to detect in advance a possible deterioration of the annual public sector balance, using monthly data. We compare the predictive performance of the proposed model with competing forecasting methods, such as annual forecasts directly derived from monthly ARIMA models, and official forecasts published by the government. The results confirm the large improvement in forecasting performance of the aggregated ARIMA system when compared to other alternatives. Classification-JEL: C22, C53, H68 Keywords: Fiscal forecasting, time series analysis, monitoring, forecasting, public deficit Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 27-58 Volume: 190 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/190_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:190:i:3:p:27-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel Prieto Author-Email: angel.prieto@irnasa.csic.es Author-Workplace-Name: Iranasa-CSIC Author-Name: Jos L. Zofio Author-Email: jose.zofio@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Author-Name: Inmaculada Alvarez Author-Email: inmaculada.alvarez@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Title: Econom as de escala, densidad y alcance en la provisi n p blica de infraestructura b sica municipal. Abstract: Municipalities manage their budgets in a complex national, regional, and local legal framework while being under the cross-pressure between of citizens claiming for better public goods and higher-level Administrations requiring higher allocative efficiency in public spending. The legal framework determines the scheme of intergovernmental finance based on well specified cooperation programs for the provision of basic infrastructure that result in different stocks of local infrastructures. We est mate translog cost functions to quantify economies of scale, density and scope in the provision of infrastructure dealing with water supply, sewerage and cleansing of residual waters, paving and lighting. We find that these economies are present to a large degree due to the existing rural structure, characterized by a suboptimal municipal size. This carries an excess cost in the provision of infrastructure in terms of the existing infrastructure stock and the amount of intergovernmental finance. Taking Castilla y Leonas the geographical reference, we estimate infrastructure stocks relying on the Local Infrastructure and Equipment Survey while developing a new price database based on best practice engineering approaches. Classification-JEL: C3, D23, H1, H4, H54 Keywords: Municipalities, Public infrastructure, Translog cost function, Economies of scale, density and scope. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 59-94 Volume: 190 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/190_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:190:i:3:p:59-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Piedra Mu oz Author-Email: lapiedra@ual.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Almer a Author-Name: Manuel Ja n Garc a Author-Email: mjaen@ual.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Almer a Title: Transferencias redistributivas en met lico y en especie: una s ntesis. Abstract: Although the traditional argument states that transfers should always be made in cash, based on the idea of the consumer s absolute sovereignty; in an imperfect world, there are many reasonings which are clearly in favor of in-kind transfers (egalitarianism in term of goods, paternalism, externalities, Second-Best scenarios, effects on the incentive to work, The Samaritan s dilemma , pecuniary effects, social insurance, transmission of individual values, political considerations, or inflation). In this paper we review all these theoretical arguments given in the literature to justify that public transfers are carried out in cash or in kind. In addition, we outline the most relevant empirical studies. Classification-JEL: H53, D60 Keywords: Public expenditure, cash transfers, in-kind transfers, efficiency, equity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 95-126 Volume: 190 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/190_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:190:i:3:p:95-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Gonz lez-P ramo Author-Email: office.gonzalez-paramo@ecb.int Author-Workplace-Name: European Central Bank Title: Financial market failures and public policies Abstract: The financial turmoil, which began in the summer of 2007, has developed into one of the most disruptive financial and economic crisis experienced by the world in many decades. At the root of the crisis we find a combination of macroeconomic imbalances and microeconomic factors, including market failures and deficiencies in the design of regulatory and supervisory frameworks. This article analyses the underlying causes which contributed to the crisis and reviews the key measures adopted by public authorities to mitigate its effects as well as some of the lessons learned to make the international financial markets more resilient. Classification-JEL: E58, E61, E65, G28 Keywords: Market failures, financial crisis, public policies, ECB Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 127-156 Volume: 190 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/190_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:190:i:3:p:127-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Grad n Author-Email: cgradin@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Coral del R o Author-Email: crio@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Aspectos distributivos de las diferencias salariales por raz n de g nero en Espa a: un an lisis por subgrupos poblacionales. Abstract: In this paper we analyze changes in gender wage differentials in Spain between 1995 and 2002, with special attention to the distribution of labor and socioeconomic characteristics across female workers. A decline was observed in the differential, mainly driven by an increasing percentage of women holding a college degree. However, there is a persistent, if not increasing, wage gap which cannot be explained by observed productivity characteristics (discrimination component), this being especially important among high paid women without college degree. This fact contributed to reinforce the well known glass ceilings phenomenon among these females. On the contrary, discrimination appeared to decline among women holding a university degree, as well as among low paid female workers, mitigating the sticky floors problem in this last case. Classification-JEL: J16, J31, J71. Keywords: Distributional analysis, gender economics, wage discrimination, glass ceilings, sticky floors Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-46 Volume: 189 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/189_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:189:i:2:p:9-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurence J. Kotlikoff Author-Email: kotlikoff@bu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Boston University Author-Name: Bernd Raffelh eschen Author-Email: bernd.raffelhueschen@vwl.uni-freiburg.de Author-Workplace-Name: Freiburg University (Germany) Author-Name: Christian D. Hagist Author-Email: christian.hagist@generationenvertraege.de Author-Workplace-Name: Freiburg University (Germany) Title: How regional differences in taxes and public goods distort life cycle location choices Abstract: This paper has considered an issue which only a few considered in the literature on harmonization of regional fiscal policies. The lack of attention paid to location distortions may reflect the sense that few individuals actually move to different states or countries because of differences in fiscal policies. This study confirms this view for the U.S.; for the U.S. economy as a whole the distortion of location choice appears to be small. However, for the four percent or so of Americans induced, by regional differences in fiscal policy, to relocate, the location distortion may range from .5 to 1.5 percent of the present value of their lifetime consumption which is not small. In addition, the results suggest that location distortions rise geometrically with the size of regional fiscal differences. Classification-JEL: H73, H71, H72 Keywords: Life cycle location choices, regional tax distortions, regional public goods Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 47-79 Volume: 189 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/189_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:189:i:2:p:47-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andr s Leal Marcos Author-Email: aleal@aragon.es Author-Workplace-Name: Gobierno de Arag n Author-Name: Julio L pez Laborda Author-Email: julio.lopez@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Efectos externos del endeudamiento sobre la calificaci n crediticia de las Comunidades Aut nomas. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of the public debt externalities of the central and regional governments have on the credit rating of the Spanish Autonomous Communities. The analysis was done by estimating an ordered probit model from panel data for the Autonomous Communities during the period 1992-2007. The results show that the level of indebtedness of the own regional government, as well as the stock of debt of the regional level and central government, have a significant impact on the probability of obtaining a particular rating. Classification-JEL: C2, H74, H77 Keywords: Public debt, externalities, rating, ordered probit, panel data Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 81-106 Volume: 189 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/189_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:189:i:2:p:81-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berta Rivera Author-Email: Berta.Rivera.Castineira@sergas.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Author-Name: Bruno Casal Author-Email: bcasal@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Author-Name: Luis Currais Author-Email: lcurrais@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Title: Provisi n de cuidados informales y enfermedad de Alzheimer: valoraci n econ mica y estudio de la variabilidad del tiempo. Abstract: Alzheimer's disease represents a significant burden in terms of time for the carer of the patient not institutionalized. The aim of this article is to estimate the cost of the time of the informal care depending on the type of disability and study the underlying factors of its variability. The empirical analysis has been made with data obtained through a retrospective questionnaire administered by the caregiver, using a probabilistic estimation model. The results show that most of the time is spent on personal care activities and physical mobility, increasing the average cost when considering more severe stages of the disease. Differences in time are explained mainly by the stage of the disease, the state of health of the caregiver and the availability of professional care. Classification-JEL: C13, I11, I12, J14 Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; informal care, cost, time Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 107-130 Volume: 189 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/189_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:189:i:2:p:107-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andreas Kyriacou Author-Email: andreas.kyriacou@udg.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Girona Author-Name: Oriol Roca sagal s Author-Email: oriol.roca@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Fiscal descentralization and the quality of government: evidence from panel data Abstract:In this paper we focus on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and government quality. In a sample of 29 developing and developed countries over the period 1984-1997, fiscal decentralization has a positive effect on institutional quality but this effect diminishes as countries become wealthier. Moreover, the positive effect of fiscal decentralization on government quality is reduced by electoral and decision-making decentralization in poor and medium income countries whereas these forms of decentralization seem to improve the impact of fiscal decentralization on government quality in rich countries. Classification-JEL: H11, H77, K42. Keywords: Quality of government, fiscal decentralization, political decentralization, panel data Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 131-155 Volume: 189 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/189_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:189:i:2:p:131-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: In s P. Murillo Huertas Author-Email: ihuertas@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Francisco Pedraja Chaparro Author-Email: Pedraja@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: Es rentable para el sector p blico invertir en educaci n? Abstract: The present paper analyzes one of the advantages that a country can derive from people with higher educational levels, i.e. higher tax revenues resulting from the higher earnings from higher school attainment.More specifically, we test whether the marginal revenue obtained by the public sector from taxpayers holding an additional educational level is higher than the marginal public expenditure on them. To accomplish this aim, we extend Psacharopoulos (1981) analysis and calculate internal rates of return for public expenditure in schooling. Our results suggest that taxpayers with an additional educational level, including those attaining post-compulsory educational levels, are profitable for the public sector. Classification-JEL: I2, H3, H5. Keywords: Education expenditure, tax burden, internal rate of return. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-29 Volume: 188 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/188_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:188:1:p:9-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Luis Torres-Chac n Author-Email: jtorres@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Capital p blico y crecimiento econ mico en Espa a 1980-2004. Abstract: This paper analyses the contribution of public capital stock to output and productivity growth in Spain. We use a simple growth general equilibrium model in which public capital stock is included as an additional input to private factors. Calibration of the model to the Spanish economy for the period 1980-2004 shows that the output elasticity of public capital is 0.068. For the period 1980-2004 we find that the average contribution of public capital to output growth was of 0.35 percentage points, of an output growth of 2.8% per year. This implies that about 13% of all output growth was due to public capital. Classification-JEL: E22, O30, O40 Keywords: Public capital, growth decomposition, productivity, general equilibrium Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 31-53 Volume: 188 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/188_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:188:1:p:31-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Hagist Author-Email: Christian.hagist@generationenvertraege.de Author-Workplace-Name: Freiburg University Author-Name: Laurence J. Kotlikoff Author-Email: kotlikoff@bu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Boston University Title: Who s going broke? Comparing growth in Public healthcare expenditure in Ten OECD Countries Abstract: Government healthcare expenditures have been growing much more rapidly than GDP in OECD countries. How much of this growth is due to demographic change versus increases in benefit levels (expenditures per person at a given age)? This paper answers this question for ten OECD countries Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Japan, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the U.S. using data from 1970-2002. Growth in benefit levels explains 89 of overall healthcare spending growth in the ten countries over the period, with Norway, Spain, and the U.S. recording the highest annual benefit growth rates. As we show, allowing government healthcare benefit levels to grow at historic rates is fraught with danger given the impending retirement of the baby boom generation. Classification-JEL: H51, I11. Keywords: Healthcare expenditure growth, long-term fiscal imbalance Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 55-72 Volume: 188 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/188_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:188:1:p:55-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zenon Jim nez-Ridruejo Ayuso Author-Email: zenon@eco.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Carlos Borondo Arribas Author-Email: Borondo@eco.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Julio L pez D az Author-Email: jlopez@eco.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Carmen Lorenzo Lago Author-Email: clorenzo@eco.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Carmen Rodr guez Sumaza Author-Email: sumaza@eco.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: El efecto de la inmigraci n en la sostenibilidad a largo plazo del sistema de pensiones en Espa a. Abstract: In this paper we build a socio-economic simulation model, called Carrion, to project the public expenditure on the retirement pensions, the social security contributions and the GDP through 2060. The model makes use of detailed hypothesis backed with econometric estimations on the behavior of current and future immigrants related to the length of stay, fertility, wages and employment rates. This information, along with the same for the native population, allows a detailed analysis of the effect of immigration on the balance of the social security system. The main result is that the solvency ratio (contributions over pensions) of immigrants is clearly above that of natives and will be so until 2055, when both ratios will be well under current values Classification-JEL: H55, J11, O47 Keywords: Demographic projections, Social Security, pensions, sustainability of pension system Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 74-121 Volume: 188 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/188_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:188:1:p:74-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel Melguizo Esteso Author-Email: angel_melguizo@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Servicio de Estudios del BBVA Title: Qui n soporta las cotizaciones sociales empresariales y la fiscalidad laboral? Una panor mica de la literatura emp rica. Abstract: This paper surveys the empirical literature on the incidence of labour taxation, and Social Security contributions specifically. The goal is to analyse if the fiscal burden is borne by employees, consumers or firms. Despite the consensus in public finance handbooks (where workers are supposed to bear entirely social taxes due to lower wages), the evidence shown is mixed for Spain, the OECD and Latin America, covering the whole range of results. Results are affected by the econometric technique, the period, the country sample, the definition of taxation and the labour market institutions, especially collective bargaining and union coverage. Classification-JEL: E24, H22, H55. Keywords: Social Security contributions, labour taxes, economic incidence Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 125-182 Volume: 188 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/188_Art5.PDF File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePec:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:188:1:p:125-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Beatriz Corchuelo Mart nez-Az a Author-Email: bcorchue@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Ester Mart nez Ros Author-Email: ester.martinez@uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Title: Application of R & D fiscal incentives in Spanish manufacturing firms Abstract: This paper explores the factors that influence the decision to apply R&D fiscal incentives in a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms. The observation that few innovative firms apply these incentives has motivated this analysis. We developed a model considering that behind the decision to use these fiscal incentives, firms carry out a cost-benefit evaluation. The data used come from the Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE) provided by the Ministry of Industry. The results show that firms evaluate positively the benefits from fiscal incentives, although there are some difficulties in applying them. The lack of information, the lack of some resources and the absence of results related to innovation activities are obstacles that may justify the scarce application of the tax incentives for R&D by the Spanish manufacturing firms. Classification-JEL: O31, H25, H32. Keywords: R&D obstacles, fiscal incentives, Spanish manufacturing firms. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-39 Volume: 187 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/187_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:187:i:4:p:9-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena del Rey Author-Email: elena.delrey@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Girona Author-Name: Mar a Racionero Author-Email: maria.racionero@anu.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National University Title: An efficiency argument for affirmative action in higher education Abstract: We consider a dynamic framework in which generations are linked by educational background. In particular, individuals differ in ability to benefit from education, parental education and appurtenance to a group (either a disadvantaged minority or a non-minority). The individual decision to undertake education is inefficient because people fail to account for the fact that their getting education increases the chances that their children will also gain access to education. This intergenerational externality is higher for people from the disadvantaged minority, provided that the difference in expected utility for children of uneducated and educated individuals is larger within this group. This provides an argument for affirmative action in higher education, in the form of larger subsidies to individuals from the minority group, which is exclusively based on efficiency considerations. Classification-JEL: H21, I28. Keywords: Affirmative action, intergenerational externality. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 41-48 Volume: 187 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/187_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:187:i:4:p:41-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Reis Mourao Author-Email: paulom@eeg.uminho.ptw Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National University Title: Towards a Puviani s Fiscal Illusion Index Abstract: This paper presents an index of Fiscal Illusion for 68 democratic countries from 1960 to 2006. The theory of Fiscal Illusion studied relates to a wrong perception of government budget aggregates from the voters and taxpayers perspectives. In the construction of the index, methodological issues were carefully taken into account. The results obtained reveal that Fiscal Illusion varies greatly around the world. Countries such as Mali, Pakistan, Russia, and Sri Lanka have the highest average values over the time period considered, while Austria, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and New Zealand have the lowest. Regarding the time dimension, between 1980 and 1995 there was a significant decrease in the average value of the index across countries, suggesting a reduction in the adoption of Fiscal Illusion practices during this period. After 1995, the index remained stable in most countries. Classification-JEL: C82; E62; H11; H30 Keywords: Fiscal Illusion; Indexes/Indicators; Democracy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 49-86 Volume: 187 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/187_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:187:i:4:p:49-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ignacio Ab solo Author-Email: iabasolo@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Jaime Pinilla Author-Email: jpinilla@dmc.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Author-Name: Miguel Negr n Author-Email: mnegrin@dmc.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Equity in the utilization of public health care services by regions in Spain: a multinivel analysis. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse if there is horizontal equity in the utilisation of public health care services by regi n (comunidad aut noma) of residence in Spain. Data from the 2006 National Health Survey were considered to undertake a multilevel analysis, using a binary logistic function for each of the public health care services analysed (general practitioner GP- visits, specialist visits and hospitalisations). Health care need and other socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were controlled at individual level. It can be concluded that, although there is no evidence of territorial inequity in hospitalisations, there is territorial inequity in the case of GP and also of specialist visits, which can not be explained by regional differences in the availability of resources at both health care levels Classification-JEL: C01, D39, I19, R53 Keywords: Equitiy, public health care utilization, multinivel analysis, region. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 87-106 Volume: 187 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/187_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:187:i:4:p:87-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel Angel Alonso Neira Author-Email: miguelangel.alonso@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Antonio Mart nez Gonz lez Author-Email: antonio.martinez@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Title: The determinants of military spending in the academic literature over the last fifty years: A survey of the main contributions and models Abstract: Although it is difficult to establish a classification of the models which analyze the determinants of defence expenditure due to their great heterogeneity, the present article takes as a starting point the contributions of Smith (1989) and Dunne and Perlo-Freeman (2003a y 2003b), to offer an alternative taxonomy of the theoretical studies proposed in the academic literature over the last fifty years. In particular, it establishes a division in three blocks: 1) Analysis of the external influences of military spending (models of arms races and economic theory of military alliances), 2) examination of the internal factors that reverberate on the design of the defense budget (Bureaucratic and Organizational Politics Models), and 3) empirical studies of the determinants of defence spending, which examine the effects of a wide combination of economic, political, and geostrategic variables on the military budget. Classification-JEL: D73, D4, H41, H56 Keywords: Defence economics, arms races, models of military alliances, organizational politics models, determinants of military spending. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 109-139 Volume: 187 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/187_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:187:i:4:p:109-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Luz Gonz lez Alvarez Author-Email: luz@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name:Antonio Clavero Barranquero Author-Email: clavero@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: An analysis of income-related inequalities in the health care use by dynamic models Abstract: This paper aims to determine the explanatory factors of the income-related inequality in the health care utilisation by decomposition approach. The above method has been executed by a specification that can bear in mind the uncertainty of the patients about their self-assessed health and the habits or rigidities to accommodate their decisions. For this reason, two theoretical hypotheses have been imposed, adaptive expectations and partial adjustment, in order to base the formulation of dynamic models. Using the PHOGUE (1995-2001), the results show evidence of horizontal inequity favouring the poorest in the conditional number of GP visits and pro-rich inequity in the probability of specialist visits. In both cases, the inequity indexes decrease when the use of previous periods is considered. Classification-JEL: D63, I11, C23, C25. Keywords: concentration indexes, decomposition of inequality, dynamic models, panel data Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-42 Issue: 3 Year: 2008 Month: October File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/186_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:186:i:3:p:9-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pere Riera Author-Email: pere.riera@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Ra l Brey Author-Email: rbresan@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Author-Name: Guillermo G ndara Author-Email: guillermo.gandara@itesm.mx Author-Workplace-Name: EGAP, Tecnol gico de Monterrey Title: Bid design for non-parametric contingent valuation with a single bounded dichotomous choice format Abstract: This paper examines how the number of different bids used in a dichotomous choice contingent valuation exercise influences the non-parametric estimation of the mean willingness to pay. This task has been undertaken by several simulation experiments that combine different non-parametric procedures, number of bids, bid distribution, sample sizes, and willingness to pay distributions over the simulated population. The criteria used to analyze the effect of the number of bids in each experiment are (1) the mean square error of the differences between the actual and estimated mean maximum willingness to pay, and (2) an equality test between actual and estimated mean willingness to pay. The main conclusion is that it is advisable to use a larger number of distinct bids than currently practiced for the non-parametric procedures. Classification-JEL: D62, Q51. Keywords: non-parametric methods, bid design, Contingent valuation method, Monte Carlo simulation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 43-60 Issue: 3 Year: 2008 Month: October File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/186_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:186:i:3:p:43-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Casado Mar n Author-Email: david.casado@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Title: Policy options for a public long-term care system in Spain: a microsimulation model Abstract: To date, both in Spain as well as in the other Southern European countries, the care for dependent elderly people has been implicitly considered as a problem of a private nature to be solved by the family. Nevertheless, following the passing of the new Dependency Act, the foundations have been laid for the creation in Spain of a public longterm care system with universal coverage. In that context, through the development of a microsimulation model, the main objective of the article is to assess alternative policy designs that consider higher levels of coverage than those in place prior to the Dependency Act. Classification-JEL: I18, J14. Keywords. Ageing, dependency, long-term care, microsimulation Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-90 Issue: 3 Year: 2008 Month: October File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/186_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:186:i:3:p:61-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Angeles Davia Author-Email: MAngeles.Davia@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Oscar D. Marcenaro Guti rrez Author-Email: odmarcenaro@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Exploring the link between employment search time and reservation Abstract: In our piece of work we are facing a two-fold problem: on the one hand, we study the behaviour of young job seekers and the extent to which reservation wages and unemployment benefits play a relevant role in the transition into working life. On the other hand, we intend to find out whether the determinants of the job search process may also affect subsequent wages. We undertake an empirical approach combining one-step estimations with two-step instrumental variables techniques. The data used to this end come from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for the period 1995-2001. To be precise, the sub-sample gathers both male and female Southern European (Italian, Greek, Spanish and Portuguese) workers. From the results of the analysis important subtleties arise, particularly related to differences across countries. Classification-JEL: J31 y J64. Keywords: Transitions into work, unemployment benefits, reservation wages, earnings. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 91-121 Issue: 3 Year: 2008 Month: October File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/186_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:186:i:3:p:91-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ram n Barber n Ort Author-Email: barberan@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Alicia Costa Toda Author-Email: Acosta@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Alfonso Alegre Val Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: The cost of urban water utilities. A necessary analysis for rate setting and control Abstract: Urban water utilities are a typical case of a public service with regulated prices. This paper examines the costs of the service, which must be understood if rates are to be set and controlled on an appropriate basis. We adopt a highly practical approach. In the first place, we establish two cost classifications in order to establish the level and structure of the costs of the utility, analysing the difficulties inherent in calculation. We then go on to analyse the municipal water and sewerage service in the city of Zaragoza. This case study is of particular interest in a context where public information about the cost of such utilities and the cost systems employed is in short supply.The analysis reveals the practical difficulties inherent in the accurate classification and quantification of costs and highlights the weaknesses of the systems applied by both local entities and river basin agencies to capture the true economic costs of providing the utility. Our estimates suggest that costs are currently understated, and that the cost structure is taken as a point reference but not a key factor to determine the structure of water rates. Classification-JEL: H71, L95 y Q25. Keywords: water costs, recovery costs, water rates, price regulation, urban water utility, water supply and sewerage. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 123-155 Issue: 3 Year: 2008 Month: Octuber File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/186_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:186:i:3:p:123-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ignacio Cont n-Pilart Author-Email: contin@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Aad Correlj Author-Email: a.correlje@tbm.tudelft.nl Author-Workplace-Name: Delft Technical University Author-Name: Mar a. Blanca Palacios Navarro Author-Email: blanca.palacios@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Title: Pricing (A) symmetries and evolution of margins in the Spanish diesel market Abstract: With the restructuring of the Spanish oil sector during the 1980s and early 1990s, a highly concentrated oligopoly emerged in the automotive fuels market. The restructuring ended up with the abolishment of the sate oil monopoly in January 1993. A system of price ceiling replaced administered prices in June 1990, which was abolished for automotive diesel in June 1996. This paper analyzes the price dynamics of the Spanish retail automotive diesel market over the period 1993-2005. Concretely, it deals with the issue of asymmetries in the relation between the retail price of diesel before taxes and its spot price. The paper also analyzes the collaboration between the government and the major operators in setting prices. For the period 1993-1998, we find symmetric and full adjustment of the Spanish retail diesel prices before taxes to the Rotterdam prices, whereas from the late 1998 onward the empirical evidence suggests a weak positive price asymmetry. Furthermore, the paper shows how the government and the major operators have effectively collaborated in setting retail diesel prices since 1999 in order to control the inflation rate. Classification-JEL: D43, L51, Q48. Keywords: Competition, price asymmetries and diesel. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-37 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 Month: July File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/185_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:185:i:2:p:9-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Gonz lez G mez Author-Email: fcojose@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Miguel Angel Garc a Rubio Author-Email: MAGRUBIO@telefonica.net Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Efficiency in the management of urban water services. What have we learned after four decades of research? Abstract: The analysis of efficiency in the management of urban water services offers valuable information both for the managers of this service and for public bodies in order to introduce improvements in business practices and in the design of public policies. Since the pioneering study carried out by Ford and Wardford (1969), there have been many attempts to follow this line of research. Due to the importance of the subject and the volume of publications in this field, we believe it is necessary to provide a balance of the work carried out over the last four decades. In this overview, we look at the main questions which have arisen over this period, we provide a synthesis of the results obtained and, finally, we point out some challenges for future research. Classification-JEL: L95, L20, D21, Q25 Keywords: Water utilities; Efficiency; Firm behaviour; Water Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 39-67 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 Month: July File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/185_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:185:i:2:p:39-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Ramon Borrell Author-Email: jrborrell@ub.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Juan Luis Jim nez Author-Email: jljimenez@daea.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: The drivers of antitrust effectiveness Abstract: This paper shows what drivers the effectiveness of antitrust policy, by using internationally collated data on the perception of effectiveness of competition policy. It concludes that average antitrust effectiveness depends on per capita income and supranational policy leadership, such as the one at the core of the EU. Additionally, it shows that some aspects of competition policy design have a significant impact on policy results. Effectiveness is driven by using an economic approach to judge dominance and abusive practices. We show that antitrust is sounder when the legal mandate on merger policy focuses on competition in markets, rather than on more broadly defined public interests. Antitrust effectiveness is also spurred by taking an active stance against cartels and especially by introducing a leniency programme to enforce the prohibition of cartels. Finally, it is important that an independent antitrust authority has the final say on prohibiting competition restrains. Classification-JEL: D7, L4, O4 Keywords. Antitrust; Policy Effectiveness; Political economy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 69-88 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 Month: July File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/185_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:185:i:2:p:69-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesc Trillas Author-Email: Francesc.Trillas@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Miguel Angel Montoya Author-Email: mmontoya@itesm.mx Author-Workplace-Name: ITESM, Title: The degree of commitment to regulator independence: measurement and impact Abstract: This study computes measures of the degree of independence in practice of telecommunications regulators for Latin American and Caribbean countries in a new data set for 23 countries between 1990 and 2004. We focus on the degree to which governments are able to commit to preserve regulator independence. We combine this information with data on legal independence to construct indices of regulator independence that are more realistic than those used by the existing literature. Econometric results confirm that regulator independence has a positive impact on telecommunications performance, but purely legal indices appear to under-estimate this impact. Classification-JEL: L51, L96. Keywords: regulation, independence, strategic delegation, telecommunications. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 89-114 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 Month: July File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/185_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:185:i:2:p:89-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leticia Bl zquez G mez Author-Email: Leticia.Blazquez@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Emili Grifell-Tatj Author-Email: emili.grifell@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut moma de Barcelona Title: Multi-Output compensation system in electricity distribution: the case of Spain Abstract: The Marco Legal Estable provides us with a rare opportunity to study a system of multi-output reimbursements applied to the distribution of electricity in Spain over an extensive period of time: 1988 1997. To do so, an analysis structure is proposed based on a Bennet-type indicator (1920), which allows us to identify the variations in the revenues associated with the activity of electricity distribution, for each of the companies and each one of the outputs. The Law recognized, regulated and compensated four products differently. This indicator is broken down into a quantity effect and a reimbursement effect. The quantity effect evaluates the impact on revenues of the variations in demand for each of the outputs, and the reimbursement effect the modifications in revenues due to the changes in the remuneration per product, which are based on standard costs. Modern production theory is used to explain the quantity indicator by means of a productivity and activity effect. Lastly, the productivity indicator is broken down into operating efficiency, allocative efficiency and technical change. To do so, a sequential-type technology is defined whose information begins in 1952. Mathematical programming techniques are used to resolve the proposed economic decomposition. Classification-JEL: L51, L54 Keywords: electricity distribution regulation, Marco Legal Estable, electricity distribution revenues, Bennet indicator. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 115-148 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 Month: July File-URL:https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/185_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:185:i:2:p:115-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier Cap Parrilla Author-Email: javier.capo@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Title: Income Redisitribution and Income Stabilization through Fiscal Policy Abstract: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the redistributive and stabilizing functions of the Spanish budget through the automatic stabilizers, applying methodologies developed by the literature about the economic effects of the fiscal federations. An analysis at an autonomous region level for the period 1995-2002 has been carried out using panel data. The obtained results show the entity of the redistributive effect and the scarce economic relevance of the stabilizing function of the direct taxes, the social benefits and contributions and, in this way, they confirm the estimations obtained by preceding studies for previous periods. The incorporation of the in kind transferences reveals that these ones exert a considerable redistributive and stabilizing effect. Classification-JEL: E62, H20, H22, H23 y H24. Keywords: fiscal policy, redistribution and stabilization Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-34 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/184_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:184:i:1:p:9-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angeles Marra Dom nguez Author-Email:amarra@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: The Effects of Fiscal Incentives and Public Subsidies on Private R & D Investment. Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of fiscal incentives and public R&D subsidies on the level of R&D investment. The econometric model of R&D investment is estimated using an unbalanced panel sample of Spanish manufacturing firms in the period 1991-1999. Our results provide evidence that fiscal incentives are effective in increasing R&D investment, especially in SME, while R&D subsidies have a small positive effect on company financed R&D expenditure, with no crowding out of private funds. Classification-JEL: O31, O32, H25. Keywords: R&D activities, fiscal incentives, public subsidies, SME. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 35-66 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/184_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:184:i:1:p:35-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coral del R o Author-Email: crio@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Carlos Grad n Author-Email: cgradin@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Olga Cant Author-Email: ocanto@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Poverty and Gender Wage Discrimination in Spain Abstract: Using data from the European Community Household Panel Survey (ECHP), the authors analyze the effects of gender wage gap on household income distribution in Spain. The empirical approach consists of three steps. First, the individual wage gap is estimated for each female worker. Second, a counterfactual household income distribution is generated by adding to household income the hypothetical non-discriminatory wage of working females. Finally, poverty and inequality levels of observed and counterfactual income distributions are compared. Classification-JEL: J16, J31, J71 Keywords: Poverty, Distribution, Gender, Wage Discrimination, Unemployment. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 67-98 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/184_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:184:i:1:p:67-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Toni Mora Author-Email: amora@cir.uic.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Title: The relevance of satisfaction with coverage for health care utilization: evidence from Catalonia Abstract: This paper discloses satisfaction with medical coverage as a key determinant factor of heath care utilization in Catalonia (Spain). We use data from the 2002 Catalan Health Interview Survey for exploring its relevance either for the event of the visit or the number of visits. In the two cases we account for endogeneity derived from the availability of duplicate coverage and underreporting bias in health self-reported status. We evidence that those who are more satisfied will take more use of the health care services like it succeeds in other consumer events. Classification-JEL: 110, 118, 138 Keywords: consumer satisfaction; health care services utilization; duplicate coverage. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 99-116 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/184_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:184:i:1:p:99-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura de Pablos Escobar Author-Email: lpablos@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense Author-Name: Mar a Gil Izquierdo Author-Email: maria.gil@uam.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Title: Incidence analysis of higher education financing system in Spain using a behavioural model. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the distributive effects of some potential reforms in the Higher Education Financing System using a behavioural model, for the Spanish case in the new millennium. Specifically, improvements in income distribution due to some reforms in the educational policy are evaluated, based on international trends and experts recommendations. These measures refer to changes in quantity and coverage of grants, tuition fees and public subsidies per student in public universities. Classification-JEL: I21, D31, H52. Keywords: distributive incidence, behavioural models, Higher Education Financing System, microsimulation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 117-152 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/184_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2008:v:184:i:1:p:117-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desiderio Romero Jord n Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Jos F lix Sanz Sanz Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Eficacia de los incentivos fiscales a la inversi n en I+D en Espa a en los a os noventa* Abstract: Este trabajo analiza la eficacia de los incentivos fiscales a la inversi n en I+D en Espa a. Para ello se utiliza una muestra de empresas manufactureras referida al per odo 1990 a 2001. Los resultados muestran que el cr dito fiscal, y en menor medida las amortizaciones, son instrumentos adecuados para reducir el precio de la I+D. Sin embargo, la respuesta de la inversi n a tales variaciones en precio es moderada ya que las elasticidades oscilan entre -0,98 y -1,01. Asimismo, cada unidad monetaria adicional de gasto fiscal genera entre 1,24 y 1,26 unidades monetarias de inversi n bruta. Por ltimo, los resultados indican que la relaci n entre activos fijos productivos e I+D es muy d bil. Classification-JEL: H20, H23, H41 Keywords: I+D, incentivos fiscales, elasticidad, coste-eficacia Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-32 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/183_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:183:i:4:p:9-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Calero Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Josep-Oriol Escard bul Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: Evaluaci n de servicios educativos: el rendimiento en los centros p blicos y privados medido en PISA-2003 Abstract: Este art culo tiene como objetivo principal conocer el efecto del tipo de centro educativo y, en concreto, su titularidad (p blica o privada) sobre los resultados de los usuarios del sistema educativo espa ol. El an lisis emp rico se basa en la aplicaci n de t cnicas de regresi n multinivel a los datos procedentes de la evaluaci n efectuada en el programa PISA-2003, de la OCDE. Los resultados del an lisis dan respaldo a la hip tesis de trabajo, en la que se afirma que las diferencias de puntuaciones que se observan a favor de los centros privados no vienen explicadas por la titularidad del centro, sino por otras variables referidas a los usuarios (individuales y familiares), a sus compa eros y al propio centro. Classification-JEL: H52, I21, I28 Keywords: financiaci n de la educaci n, evaluaci n de servicios p blicos, rendimiento educativo, an lisis multinivel, programa PISA Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 33-66 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/183_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:183:i:4:p:33-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jordi Caball Author-Workplace-Name: Unitat de Fonaments de l An lisi Econ mica and CODE, Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Judith Panad s Author-Workplace-Name: Unitat de Fonaments de l An lisi Econ mica and CODE, Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Tax Rates, Tax Evasion, and Growth in a Multi-period Economy Abstract: We extend the basic tax evasion model to a multi-period economy exhibiting sustained growth. When individuals conceal part of their true income from the tax authority, they face the risk of being audited and hence of paying the corresponding fine. Both taxes and fines determine individual saving and the rate of capital accumulation. We show that, if the penalty imposed on tax evaders is proportional to the amount of evaded taxes, then the growth rate is decreasing in the tax rate. However, the relationship between growth and tax rate becomes non-monotonic when the penalty rate is imposed on the amount of evaded income. Classification-JEL: H26, E62, O41 Keywords: Tax evasion, Growth Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 67-80 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/183_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:183:i:4:p:67-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Onrubia Fern ndez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Mar a del Carmen Rodado Ru z Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Santiago D az De Sarralde M guez Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: C sar P rez L pez Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Progresividad y redistribuci n a trav s del IRPF espa ol: Un an lisis de bienestar social para el periodo 1982-1998 Abstract: En este trabajo se estudia la capacidad redistributiva mostrada por el IRPF espa ol a lo largo del periodo 1982-1998, as como su impacto en el bienestar social. En el an lisis se han considerado las cuatro grandes reformas del impuesto de este periodo, calculando para cada ejercicio la contribuci n a la progresividad global y al efecto redistributivo de los principales elementos de su estructura. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del Panel de Declarantes por IRPF del IEF muestran que la capacidad redistributiva del IRPF en este periodo ha venido explicada, esencialmente, por la progresividad de su tarifa y, en menor medida, por el tratamiento de las rentas del trabajo personal. Su aplicaci n ha generado ganancias de bienestar social crecientes en el tiempo, tan solo limitadas en los a os de fuerte recesi n econ mica. Classification-JEL: D31, H23, H24 Keywords: impuesto sobre la renta personal, progresividad, redistribuci n, bienestar social, reformas IRPF Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 81-124 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/183_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:183:i:4:p:81-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Eduardo Mart nez P rez Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Econom a Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Jos Mar a Abell n Perpi n Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Econom a Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia Author-Name: Jos Luis Pinto Prades Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Econom a, M todos Cuantitativos e Historia Econ mica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide Title: El Valor Monetario de la Vida Estad stica en Espa a a trav s de las Preferencias Declaradas Abstract: En este trabajo estimamos el Valor Monetario de una Vida Estad stica en Espa a a partir de preferencias declaradas por la poblaci n general. El contexto de valoraci n elegido es el de los accidentes de tr fico. La metodolog a empleada es la Valoraci n Contingente. En la encuesta realizada se intentaron comunicar correctamente los riesgos mediante el recurso a ayudas visuales. Los valores obtenidos (no inferiores a 2,7 millones de euros) son similares a otras estimaciones efectuadas en Europa, si bien un aspecto de la consistencia de estos resultados (cuasi-proporcionalidad) s lo se verifica parcialmente. Investigaciones futuras deber n emplear estrategias alternativas a la aqu utilizada con la finalidad de intentar incrementar la consistencia de los valores obtenidos. El procedimiento encadenado ideado por Carthy et al. (1999) puede ser un instrumento adecuado para ese objetivo. Classification-JEL: D61, J17 Keywords: Valor de la vida, preferencias declaradas, accidentes de tr fico, valoraci n contingente, comunicaci n de riesgos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 125-144 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/183_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:183:i:4:p:125-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseba Sanmart n Sola Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: El efecto de los cambios en los tipos marginales sobre la base imponible del IRPF Abstract: Los cambios en los tipos marginales del impuesto sobre la renta inducen una serie de respuestas en el comportamiento de los contribuyentes. El tama o conjunto de las mismas determina el efecto de una reforma fiscal sobre la recaudaci n y el bienestar. El par metro b sico que permite aproximar la magnitud agregada de las respuestas es la elasticidad de la base imponible. Este estudio estima la elasticidad de la base imponible en Espa a, comparando las declaraciones de los mismos contribuyentes antes y despu s de las reformas en el IRPF introducidas por la Ley de Presupuestos para 1988 y por la Ley de Adaptaci n de 1989. No se encuentra evidencia de respuesta importante de la base imponible a los cambios en los tipos marginales, puesto que la elasticidad de la base imponible se sit a en torno a 0,1. Classification-JEL: H2, H24, H31. Keywords: Impuesto sobre la renta; Respuestas de comportamiento; Elasticidad de la base imponible. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-28 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/182_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:182:i:3:p:9-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacques Silber Author-Email: silberj@mail.biu.ac.il Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics. Bar-Ilan University Israel Title: Measuring poverty: taking a multidimensional perspective Abstract: This paper reviews the main problems that have to be faced when taking a multidimensional approach to poverty and gives a survey of the solutions that have hitherto been proposed to solve these problems. The paper starts with a quick summary of the cardinal approach to uni-dimensional poverty analysis. After that, it reviews the cardinal ordinal approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement. It is also stressed that there is a qualitative approach to poverty measurement. Key words: JEL classification: Classification-JEL: D31, D63, I32. Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, cardinal approach, ordinal measurement. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 29-74 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/182_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:182:i:3:p:29-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Gil Author-Email: joangil@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Centre d An lisi Econ mica i de les pol tiques Socials (CAEPS), Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Miguel Angel L pez Garc a Author-Email: miguelangel.lopez@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Jorge Onrubia Author-Email: jorge.onrubia@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: C o Patxot Author-Email: cio.patxot@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales y CAEPS, Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Guadalupe Souto Author-Email: Guadalupe.souto@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: A projection model of the contributory pension expenditure of the spanish social security system: 2004-2050 Abstract: The need for long-term fiscal projections is self evident. Of these projections, pension expenditure is one of the most important since firstly it represents a large share of total expenditure, and secondly because of the positive correlation between this variable and demographic ageing. In this paper, we develop a model to project contributory pension expenditures in the Spanish Social Security System disaggregating the results by pension category, social security regime and sex. The most salient of the results obtained is the expected steady growth of total expenditure in contributory pensions. This would lie around 15% of GDP around 2045 compared to its initial level of barely 8% even though the baseline scenario incorporates a substantial recovery of employment and female participation rates. By pension categories, retirement pensions are those that determine the tendency of total expenditure evolution. Interesting conclusions can also be extracted from the analysis by sex. For instance, even accounting for an increase in female retirement pensions due to their higher participation, the corresponding increase in widow male pensions implies a higher total increase of the total number of contributory pensions accruing to men. Classification-JEL: E62, H55. Keywords: Pensions system, sustainability, public expenditure. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 75-116 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/182_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:182:i:3:p:75-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Aixal Past Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Gema Fabro Esteban Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Indicadores institucionales y crecimiento econ mico: un panorama. Abstract: En este trabajo se analizan las disposiciones de los nuevos estatutos regionales y proyectos de estatuto que intentan condicionar en alguna medida el dise o del nuevo sistema de financiaci n regional. Prestamos especial atenci n a las implicaciones del nuevo Estatuto catal n en el que se fijan las l neas generales de una reforma que podr a suponer un cambio cualitativo en la estructura y filosof a del sistema. Classification-JEL: H70, H71. Keywords: Financiaci n auton mica, estatutos de autonom a. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 117-162 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/182_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:182:i:3:p:117-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ngel de la Fuente Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de An lisis Econ mico, CSIC Author-Name: Mar a Gund n Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Title: La financiaci n auton mica en los nuevos estatutos regionales. Abstract: Ante el gran inter s que la literatura sobre crecimiento ha mostrado en los ltimos a os por las cuestiones institucionales, el primer objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un panorama de indicadores institucionales disponibles clasificados de forma sistem tica, que incluye algunas reflexiones sobre su validez y utilidad para facilitar al investigador su adecuada selecci n. Un segundo objetivo es presentar una revisi n de la literatura que utiliza estos indicadores para contrastar la relaci n entre instituciones y crecimiento econ mico, que permita mostrar el estado actual de la cuesti n, el grado de consenso alcanzado y facilitar la comparaci n de resultados obtenidos. Classification-JEL: O10, O17, O50. Keywords: Indicadores Institucionales, Crecimiento Econ mico. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 163-199 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/182_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:182:i:3:p:163-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio G mez-Plana Author-Email: agomezgp@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Title: Pol tica medioambiental y sustituci n tecnol gica entre inputs Abstract: Este art culo analiza una modificaci n de la pol tica medioambiental del Gobierno de un pa s (Espa a) que establece la existencia de permisos de emisi n de CO2 e impone una restricci n sobre el n mero de permisos disponibles como medida tributaria. El objetivo es tratar de detectar en qu medida los efectos macro y microecon micos por la reducci n del n mero de permisos de emisi n podr an depender de las tecnolog as de producci n que utilizan las empresas, cuando todav a no ha tenido lugar una innovaci n tecnol gica diferente a la sustituci n entre inputs. Los resultados muestran que, aunque a nivel macroecon mico las repercusiones no ser an muy relevantes, a nivel sectorial la estructura de consumos intermedios ser a la m s afectada. Adem s, estos cambios no estar an nicamente vinculados al componente de inputs energ ticos. Classification-JEL: D58, O38, Q38. Keywords: Pol tica medioambiental, tecnolog a, permisos de emisi n, modelos de equilibrio general aplicado o computacional din micos. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-28 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/181_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:181:i:2:p:9-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Riera Font Author-Email: antoni.riera@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centre de Recerca Econ mica (UIB Sa Nostra). Universitat de les Illes Balears Author-Name: Aina M. Ripoll Penalva Author-Email: aripollp@cre.sanostra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centre de Recerca Econ mica (UIB Sa Nostra). Universitat de les Illes Balears Author-Name: Joseph Mateu Sbert Author-Email: jmateus@cre.sanostra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centre de Recerca Econ mica (UIB Sa Nostra). Universitat de les Illes Balears Title: Estimaci n del valor estad stico de la vida en Espa a: Una aplicaci n del M todo de Salarios Hed nicos Abstract: Los intentos de cuantificaci n del valor estad stico de la vida (VEV) a trav s de los intercambios entre riesgo y salario se han desarrollado mayoritariamente a partir del Modelo de Salarios Hed nicos. Bajo este esquema conceptual, el presente trabajo realiza una estimaci n del VEV a partir de una amplia base de datos del mercado de trabajo espa ol y de la construcci n de ndices de riesgo laboral que incorporan simult neamente la ocupaci n y la rama de actividad para el per odo 1997-2000. Los principales resultados de la aplicaci n constatan una relaci n positiva entre el riesgo de accidentalidad y el salario percibido y sit an el VEV en Espa a en el rango de 2 a 2,7 millones de euros, a precios del 2000. Classification-JEL: D61, J17, J28, J31 Keywords: valor estad stico de la vida, ndices de riesgo laboral, modelo de salarios hed nicos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 29-48 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/181_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:181:i:2:p:29-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mercedes Prieto Alaiz Author-Email: prietoal@eaee.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Carmelo Garc a P rez Author-Email: carmelo.garcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: Tendencias de la distribuci n personal de la renta en Espa a (1985-2002). Inferencia sobre indicadores y sensibilidad ante encuestas y escalas de equivalencia Abstract: El estudio emp rico de la evoluci n de la distribuci n personal de la renta en Espa a en las dos ltimas d cadas puede acometerse utilizando diferentes fuentes de datos y una pluralidad de enfoques sobre el concepto de renta considerado, de forma que la valoraci n final de los cambios experimentados por los niveles de renta, desigualdad o pobreza queda muchas veces condicionada a estos elementos de partida. En consecuencia, la disparidad de resultados de los estudios no ayuda a clarificar el efecto de las pol ticas sociales y otros factores que afectan a la distribuci n. En el presente trabajo se analizan y comparan, mediante t cnicas de inferencia bootstrap, las distribuciones personales de renta construidas a partir de las Encuestas Continuas de Presupuestos Familiares, base 1985 y 1997, y el Panel de Hogares de la Uni n Europea. Se utilizan metodolog as id nticas sobre los microdatos disponibles, con el fin de verificar si ambas fuentes indican tendencias distributivas coincidentes o no, ante una variedad de escalas de equivalencia. Classification-JEL: C15, D31, I32. Keywords: Distribuci n personal de la renta, Desigualdad, Pobreza, M todos bootstrap. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 49-80 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/181_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:181:i:2:p:49-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Melguizo Garde Author-Workplace-Name: Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales de Zaragoza Title: La motivaci n de las transmisiones lucrativas entre generaciones de una familia: modelos te ricos y evidencia emp rica. Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una revisi n sint tica y actualizada de la literatura econ mica sobre las transmisiones lucrativas de bienes entre generaciones de una familia. Primero se desarrollan los distintos modelos explicativos de la motivaci n de este tipo de transmisiones. Seguidamente se sintetizan los trabajos emp ricos que han tratado de discriminar entre modelos. En tercer lugar se analiza la influencia de la fiscalidad en la elecci n de cu ndo transmitir. Se concluye que nos encontramos ante un fen meno plural tanto si atendemos a los individuos (los ricos y ancianos presentan un comportamiento diferenciado del resto de individuos: desean transmitir y atienden al coste fiscal) como al tipo de transmisiones (las inter vivos muestran matices redistributivos y las mortis causa se reparten igualitariamente entre hermanos). Classification-JEL: D12, D60, D64, H31. Keywords: Transmisiones lucrativas, herencia, donaci n, impuesto sobre transmisiones gratuitas. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 81-118 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/181_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:181:i:2:p:81-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Zabalza Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: La financiaci n auton mica en el Estatuto de Catalu a. Abstract: Este art culo identifica el tipo de financiaci n que el nuevo Estatuto de autonom a de Catalu a implica. Se argumenta que, en materia de financiaci n auton mica, el Estatuto de Catalu a da cobertura a una pluralidad de modelos con caracter sticas distintas en lo que a sus propiedades de nivelaci n se refiere. El art culo especifica dos modelos b sicos que ilustran esta indeterminaci n e identifica los dos modelos l mite y la familia de mecanismos de financiaci n legalmente admisibles por el Estatuto. Todos estos modelos son simulados utilizando datos de las Comunidades Aut nomas de r gimen com n para 2004. Classification-JEL: H2, H4, H6, H7. Keywords: Federalismo fiscal, Nivelaci n fiscal territorial, Modelo de financiaci n auton mica, Transferencias intergubernamentales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 119-161 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/181_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:181:i:2:p:119-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Balmaseda del Campo Author-Workplace-Name: CEMEX Author-Name: Angel Melguizo Esteso Author-Email: angel.melguizo@grupobbva.com Author-Workplace-Name: Servicio de Estudios del BBVA Title: I+D como factor productivo en la econom a espa ola: un an lisis emp rico regional y sectorial Abstract: En los ltimos a os se asiste a un notable consenso internacional acerca de la relevancia de la inversi n en nuevas tecnolog as y en actividades de innovaci n como medio para fomentar el crecimiento de largo plazo de la econom a. Este art culo tiene como principal objetivo contrastar cuantitativamente la aportaci n de la I+D a la actividad productiva en Espa a en las dos ltimas d cadas. Ello se aborda desde una doble perspectiva, al contrastar la contribuci n del capital tecnol gico medido como el stock de I+D a la producci n desagregada por CC.AA. y por sectores productivos de la econom a privada no agraria, diferenciando stos en funci n de su intensidad tecnol gica. Adem s, se eval a la presencia de externalidades positivas derivadas de la inversi n en I+D realizada fuera de la propia regi n o del sector. Classification-JEL: D62, E23, O3, O4. Keywords: Crecimiento econ mico, Externalidades Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-34 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/180_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:180:i:1:p:9-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ismael Ahamdanech Zarco Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Nacional de Estad stica Author-Name: Carmelo Garc a P rez Author-Email: carmelo.garcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: Bienestar, desigualdad y pobreza en Espa a (1993-2000). Un an lisis basado en t cnicas inferenciales de dominancia estoc stica Abstract: La medici n y las comparaciones de bienestar, desigualdad y pobreza de las distribuciones de renta son temas que suscitan gran controversia, dada la necesidad de introducir juicios de valor. En este trabajo, se compara la desigualdad, el bienestar y la pobreza en Espa a, en el per odo 1993-2000, mediante t cnicas inferenciales de dominancia estoc stica. Dos son las principales ventajas de esta metodolog a. Por un lado, se utilizan juicios de valor expl citos y ampliamente aceptados. Por otro lado, las t cnicas de inferencia estad stica contribuyen a detectar qu resultados son estad sticamente significativos. Los datos del Panel de Hogares de la Uni n Europea permiten el an lisis de las tendencias en un per odo crucial en la evoluci n de la econom a espa ola. Keywords: Bienestar, desigualdad, pobreza, dominancia estoc stica, Espa a. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 35-60 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/180_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:180:i:1:p:35-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Javier Casado Izaga Author-Email: franciscojavier.casado@ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad del Pa s Vasco/EHU Title: Imposici n y bienestar social bajo discriminaci n espacial de precios Abstract: Este trabajo analiza los efectos de la imposici n directa e indirecta sobre el bienestar social, en un modelo de entrada en el que las empresas practican discriminaci n espacial de precios. Se muestra que en un oligopolio la imposici n directa puede afectar positiva o negativamente al bienestar social, mientras la imposici n indirecta es neutral. Cuando el mercado est monopolizado en ausencia de impuestos, los efectos de los impuestos nunca pueden ser beneficiosos desde la perspectiva del bienestar social. Classification-JEL: H25, L13, D43. Keywords: Discriminaci n espacial de precios, impuestos directos, impuestos indirectos. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-76 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 Month: marzo File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/180_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:180:i:1:p:61-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Jes s Manceb n Torrubia Author-Email: mjmance@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Domingo P rez-Xim nez de Emb n Author-Email: dpxe@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Conciertos educativos y selecci n acad mica y social del alumnado Abstract: En este art culo se lleva a cabo una valoraci n del sistema de conciertos educativos desde la perspectiva de su contribuci n efectiva a la igualaci n de las oportunidades de selecci n de centro escolar por parte de las familias. Tomando como marco te rico las aportaciones realizadas por los estudiosos de los efectos de las pol ticas de fomento de la libertad de elecci n de escuela, y a partir de una encuesta realizada a estudiantes de segundo curso de bachillerato en el curso 2001-2002 en las comunidades aut nomas de Arag n, Asturias y Extremadura, el trabajo realizado permite concluir que los conciertos educativos en su dise o actual no han facilitado la integraci n socioecon mica de los alumnos de los centros p blicos y concertados de ense anza secundaria. El an lisis de las caracter sticas de los alumnos que eligen un centro concertado realizado en la ltima secci n del art culo mediante la especificaci n de un modelo probit permite adem s apreciar una relaci n significativa entre el nivel acad mico y socioecon mico y la elecci n de centro privado concertado, indicando que la segregaci n intersectorial encontrada en el trabajo puede ser atribuida en parte al patr n de elecci n de los usuarios del sistema educativo. Palabras clave: Conciertos educativos, segregaci n escolar, elecci n de centro educativo. Clasificaci n JEL: I21, I28. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 77-108 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/180_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:180:i:1:p:77-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M del Mar Salinas Jim nez Author-Name: Javier Salinas Jim nez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura e Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Title: Corrupci n y actividad econ mica: una visi n panor mica Abstract: Junto a los desarrollos te ricos que tratan de comprender las causas de la corrupci n, por qu sta tiende a presentar un alto grado de persistencia, o cu les son los efectos sociales, pol ticos o macroecon micos de la corrupci n, en la ltima d cada ha aparecido una gran cantidad de trabajos emp ricos que estudian la relaci n entre la corrupci n y distintas variables econ micas. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una revisi n sint tica de esta literatura, discutiendo los principales planteamientos te ricos y los resultados emp ricos obtenidos en relaci n tanto con los factores determinantes de la corrupci n como con las consecuencias econ micas que se derivan de la misma. Palabras clave: Corrupci n, gobierno, actuaci n p blica. Clasificaci n JEL: D73, E62, H11. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 109-137 Issue: 1 Year: 2007 Month: March File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/180_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2007:v:180:i:1:p:109-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Mart nez V zquez Author-Email: jorgemartinez@gsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Georgia State University Author-Name: Robert M. McNab Author-Workplace-Name: Naval Postgraduate School Title: Fiscal decentralization, macrostability and growth Abstract: This paper examines how fiscal decentralization may influence economic growth. Previous research on this question has primarily focused on the potential direct relationship between decentralization and growth. In this paper, we also examine the potential indirect influence of decentralization on growth through its impact on macroeconomic stability. We find that decentralization may positively influence price stability in developed countries, though this impact is much less clear in developing and transitional countries. We also find some evidence suggesting that decentralization may directly and negatively affect economic growth in higher-income countries but that this effect is reduced through the indirect positive impact of decentralization on growth through macroeconomic stability. Classification-JEL: E62, H77, O20, O40 Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization, Economic Growth, and Macroeconomic Stability. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 25-49 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/179_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:179:i:4:p:25-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena B rcena Mart n Author-Email: mbarcena@flog.uned.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Frank A. Cowell Author-Email: F.Cowell@lse.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: London School of Economics Title: Static and Dynamic Poverty in Spain, 1993-2000 Abstract: We focus on the statics and dynamics of poverty in Spain using income data from the first eight waves of the European Community Household Panel. These data are for the years 1993-2000, a period not sufficiently covered by recent literature. The results confirm the pattern of poverty changes noted by other authors for the early nineteen-nineties. After this period poverty reduces slightly in incidence and intensity, but 2000 is a turning point. In the dynamic perspective, the pattern revealed is one of much mobility, but most of it short-range. Classification-JEL: D1, D31, I32 Keywords: ECHP, income distribution, poverty dynamics, re-entry and exit rate, static poverty. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 51-77 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/179_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:179:i:4:p:51-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel Angel Malo Author-Email: malo@gugu.usal.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Salamanca Author-Name: Fernando Mu oz-Bull n Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III Title: Employment promotion measures and the quality of the job match for persons with disabilities Abstract: We evaluate the influence that employment promotion measures and labour market intermediation services addressed to disabled individuals have on the latter s quality of the job match through the use of matching analysis techniques. Our focus is placed on two aspects of quality: the type of contract held (either permanent or temporary) and whether or not the individual is searching for another job. We find that those measures do not improve the quality of the job match. Implications for labour market policy are discussed. Classification-JEL: J480, J40, I120. Keywords: Disability, job matching, employment promotion, evaluation, matching analysis, permanent contract, job-to-job search. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 79-111 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/179_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:179:i:4:p:79-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pilar Abad Romero Author-Email: pabad@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Bego a Alvarez Garc a Author-Email: alvarez@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Eva Rodr guez M guez Author-Email: emiguez@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Antonio Rodr guez Sampayo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Title: Social preferences measures and the quality of the job match for persons with disabilities. Abstract: Waiting lists are the main mechanisms for rationing demand in national health systems. The usual way to organize patients in a waiting list is on a simple first come first serve basis. Characteristics like the intensity of symptoms or the patient s limitations in daily activities are not considered explicitly. In this paper, we apply a point system that incorporates social preferences in the management of waiting lists for surgical intervention on the prostate. The results show that both clinical and social variables are important for prioritizing patients waiting for this intervention. Furthermore, we detect some differences between the preferences of patients and general population. Keywords: Waiting lists; priority setting; point system; discrete choice experiments; rank-ordered logit model. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 113-134 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/179_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:179:i:4:p:113-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Alvarez Author-Email: alvarez@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Carlos Arias Author-Email: deecas@unileon.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Le n Author-Name: Luis Orea Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Econometric testing of spatial productivity spillovers from public capital Abstract: In this paper we review two different approaches followed in the empirical literature to test for the existence of public capital spillovers. Additionally, we explore the role played by an additive aggregator of public capital in neighboring regions versus the multiplicative aggregator used previously in the literature. In the empirical application we compare the different methodologies using a panel data set of the 47 mainland Spanish provinces. We do not find evidence of the existence of spillover effects of public infrastructure. Classification-JEL: H54, R11, R53. Keywords: Public capital, public infrastructure, spatial spillovers. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-21 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/178_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:178:i:3:p:9-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Castells Author-Email: antoni.castells@udlap.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Daniel Montolio Author-Email: montolio@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Albert Sol Author-Email: esole@eco.ub.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Title: Infrastructure investment across Spanish regions: determinants and calculation of an expenditure needs index Abstract: This paper constructs an index of infrastructure needs for the Spanish regions (Comunidades Aut nomas). Using theoretical models, we define and econometrically estimate equations on the determinants of public investment in infrastructures undertaken by the different levels of government (regional and central) for the period 1987-1996. The estimated parameters for the investment determinants allow us to calculate a needs index, which reveals (and quantifies): first, the existence of a trade-off between equity and efficiency for the different levels of government when deciding public investments in infrastructures, and second, the importance on including additional (to GDP and population) need variables to calculate a territorial distribution rule of public investment in infrastructures. Classification-JEL: H1, H54, H72. Keywords: Infrastructures, investment needs, public investment. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 23-54 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/178_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:178:i:3:p:23-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Rahona Author-Email: rahonam77@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: The influence of socioeconomic background to University Education: the case of Sapin during the nineties. Abstract: From the last decades of the XX century, university education has experienced a strong increase, which has been fostered by some socio-economic changes and several educational policies. In fact, Mora (1997) and Lamo de Espinosa (2000) consider that, in a short period of time, Spanish University has become a mass University. In that context, the aim of this paper is to analyse if everybody has the same probabilities to attend to University at this moment or if socio-economic background is a relevant factor in this kind of decisions. Taken the data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey 2000 ad hoc Module Data on School to Work Transitions, we estimate several logit models in order to detect the influence of personal and regional characteristics on the educational decisions. The results show that, in spite of the disappearance of universities for only the elite, socioeconomic variables heavily influence the demand for university education, so the equal of opportunities in this educational level has not completely managed. Classification-JEL: I20, I21. Keywords: Equity on University education, socioeconomic background, Spain. .Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 55-80 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/178_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:178:i:3:p:55-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Prieto Rodr guez Author-Email: jprietor@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Mar a Jos Su rez Fern ndez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Like father like son? Intergenerational links within occupations and public employment Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze how parents' occupations determine occupational success or employment sector of their kids. For this purpose, 1991 Encuesta de Estructura, Conciencia y Biograf a de Clase and 2004 Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo have been used. The results indicate that family background still has a significant effect on occupational and sector choices. Classification-JEL: J24, J45. Keywords: Intergenerational mobility, occupational attainment, public employment. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 81-111 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/178_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:178:i:3:p:81-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Angel Sanz Lara Author-Email: angel@emp.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Luis C sar Herrero Prieto Author-Email: herrero@emp.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: Valoraci n de bienes p blicos relativos al patrimonio cultural. Aplicaci n comparada de m todos de estimaci n y an lisis de segmentaci n de demanda Abstract: The valuation of non-market goods is an increasingly widespread subject of study in economic analysis, both in terms of theoretical contributions and empirical applications. Analysis of natural resources has long engaged scholars attention, although growing interest is focusing on assets linked to cultural heritage. We establish various objectives in this article. Firstly, using the contingent valuation method, we aim to estimate the economic value of an enclosed prototype of cultural heritage, the National Sculpture Museum at Valladolid. Secondly we carry out a comparative application of three statistical estimation methods; non-parametric, parametric and semiparametric for checking result robustness. Finally, we perform a segmentation analysis of the willingness to pay shown by individuals dependant upon differing socio-demographic characteristics so as to classify possible payment profiles. These results may provide useful information concerning the maximum amounts, which might be paid in the form of donation quotas, an issue drawing increasing interest in the current context of change regarding the financing of new museums and other similar public institutions through legislation governing foundations and nonprofit organizations. Classification-JEL: H41, D60, C14, Z10. Keywords: Cultural economics, valuation of public goods, contingent valuation, statistical estimation methods. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 113-133 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/178_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:178:i:3:p:113-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M . Dolores Garza Gil Author-Email: dgarza@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Manuel M. Varela Lafuente Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name:Juan C. Sur s Regueiro Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Management of a fishery using taxes: The European hake fishery Abstract: The management by means of taxes of a fishery in which the fishing technology of the fleets has different effects on resource is analysed in this paper. This effect can be included in the natural growth of the marine resource function itself. The results show that the tax equilibrium level depends on shadow price, marginal productivity of the effort and effect of each gear on natural growth. The fleet that has a greater impact on resource will pay a higher rate of tax. And this rate will fall as the fleet in question improves its degree of fishing selectivity. Likewise we present some economic policy recommendations for this fishery. Classification-JEL: H23, Q22, Q28 Keywords: taxes, intra-species selectivity, European hake. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-23 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 Month: July File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/177_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:177:i:2:p:9-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel Angel Barber n Lahuerta Author-Email: mabarber@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Redistribution and progressivity of taxes on inheritances and donations and analysis with data of panel Abstract: Nowadays, there is an interesting discussion about the utility of keeping the taxes on heritage in modern fiscal systems. Nevertheless this controversy has not been properly reflected yet in the acedemic research and there is not enough investigation into the reasons that justify their existence and their real situation in our tax system. The aim of this investigation is to quantify the main support of this tax: its contribution to wealth distribution. Apart from the metodology explained, we make an estimation based on the real data of tax-payers as well as the theoretical progressiv its of the tax s design on the overall redistributive impact, separating the deferent tax elements and between groups of family relationship. Classification-JEL: H21, H23. Keywords: Tax incidence, progresivity, wealth redistribution, fiscal system optimum Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 25-55 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/177_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:177:i:2:p:25-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Sant n Author-Email: dsanting@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Measuring technical efficiency in schools: a critic revision Abstract: From its origin, the techniques for measuring efficiency in schools have been widely applied to evaluate public expenditure in education. The aim of this study is to make a critic revision over the risks of performing efficiency analysis without considering the special characteristics of education, where production function is so complex. Moreover, this paper proposes decision trees in order to analyze the educational sector. This technique is able to generate logical rules to model the educational production function offering an easy framework to take decisions about the allocation of public expenditure in education. To illustrate these ideas this paper conducts an empirical analysis using a Spanish 15 year old students database from PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) captured in 2000. Classification-JEL: C44, C61, H52, I21 Keywords: efficiency, public expenditure in education, decision trees. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 57-82 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/177_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:177:i:2:p:57-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge E. Ara a Author-Email: jarana@daea.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Author-Name: Carmelo J. L on Author-Email: cleon@daea.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Title: Modelling contingent valuation iterated elicitation data with an MCMC approach Abstract: The valuation of non-market goods involves iterated elicitation questions which obtain more information from the sample respondents and lead to more efficient welfare estimates. In this paper we consider the improvements which could be obtained by utilising a Bayesian MCMC approach to model this type of data. A fully informative prior resulting from previous stages is compared with a flat non-informative prior utilising both simulated and empirical data. These priors are combined with data in each stage to form the posteriors which are simulated with Gibbs sampling algorithms. The models are applied to an elicitation tree involving two successive dichotomous choice questions followed by an open-ended question. Monte Carlo simulations show that taking into account the information process implicit in successive elicitation improves the performance of the results at each stage and increases efficiency. Thus, the model allows the researcher to consider the evolving process along the elicitation tree, while increasing useful information obtained from the individual. Keywords: Bayesian methods, Contingent valuation, Gibbs sampling, Iterated Elicitation, National Parks. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 83-105 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/177_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:177:i:2:p:83-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Prieto Rodr guez Author-Email: jprietor@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Mar a Jos Sanzo P rez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Javier Su rez Pandiello Author-Email: jspandi@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Economic analysis of attitudes towards fiscal fraud in Spain Abstract: This paper is inscribed in the literature on fiscal fraud and moral of taxpayers. We analyse the attitude of the Spaniards respect to two kinds of fraud: the hiding of income to pay less taxes and the hiding of information to benefit fraudulently from goods and services that otherwise one would not have the right to enjoy. Besides, we examine the determining factors on these variables by estimating ordered probit models. According to the postulates of Public Choice Theory we have included in the analysis political orientation variables. These factors have verified the significant effects of the politics, confirming its importance on the individual s fiscal moral. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 107-128 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/177_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:177:i:2:p:107-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier Andr s Author-Email: javier.andres@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Rafael Dom nech Author-Email: rafael.domenech@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Fiscal Rules and Macroeconomic Stability Abstract: In this paper we analyze the impact of fiscal rules on the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a macroeconomic stabilizing instrument. First, we review the available evidence on the effects of fiscal policy to affect output in the short run and real interest rates and investment and growth in the long run, and we show how the use of fiscal rules has proved useful in restraining debt and deficits. Secondly, we discuss if debt consolidation rules trade off higher output instability in exchange for lower deficits, using three alternative representations of the intertemporal substitution mechanism in a SDGE framework. Our main conclusion is that both the impact of discretionary fiscal policy and the strength of automatic stabilizers are largely unaffected by the 'tightness' of these rules. Therefore, there is nothing in the design of fiscal rules aimed at preventing huge and long-lasting deviations of debt from the steady state level, which makes them an impediment to fiscal policy carrying out its job as a significant stabilizing policy instrument. Classification-JEL: E32, E52, E63. Keywords: Fiscal rules, output volatility, automatic stabilizers. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-41 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/176_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:176:i:1:p:9-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juli n L pez Mill Author-Email: j.lopez@ua.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alicante Title: The Quality of Electricity Supply and the Regulation of the Payments to the Distribution Companies Abstract: The quality of electricity supply depends, among others aspects, on the transmission and distribution networks for energy flows required to deal with the increasing demand by Spanish consumers. However, the modernization and expansion of such a function requires appropriate investments. In this paper we examine the legal framework that regulates the payments to the distribution companies in the Spanish electric industry, in order to determinate what type of incentives are provided to these companies. We also analyse if these incentives are appropriate to encourage the investments required to improve the quality of the service, and then, we make a proposal to correct the insufficiencies of the current legal framework, pointing out the guidelines that should be followed to provide incentives to improve the efficiency without overlooking the quality of the supply .Classification-JEL: L50, L51, L94 Keywords: Regulation, electricity industry, electricity distribution, quality of electricity supply Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 43-71 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/176_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:176:i:1:p:43-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Garc a Lorenzo Author-Email: aglec@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Author-Name: Javier Prado Dom nguez Author-Email: ajaprado@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Title: The Implication of Groups with Direct Influences on Political Decision-Making: It s a Chance to Stoke up Governments Role? Abstract: In this work we present a model basis on Bernheim-Whinston model, which considers that political decisions are the result of various interactions between groups with direct influence (GDI) on political decision making. According to our approach, this model stokes up government role which consists in to strengthen not only the competitiveness amongst lobbies which occurs in an flawed market and non-market and political framework, but also in the creation of counterweight power among the aforementioned lobbies, therefore a explicit regulation is required to give an efficient response to rapid politician market changes. Classification-JEL: D72, D78, H10, H11. Keywords: flawed state, political decision-making, groups with direct influence (GDI), competitiveness, counterweight powers, and explicit regulation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 73-85 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/176_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:176:i:1:p:73-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raquel Ar valo Tom Author-Email: arevalo@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: M . Soledad Otero Gir ldez Author-Email: sotero@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Jacobo de U a Alvarez Author-Email: jacobo@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Estimation of Spanish Households Duration of Residence from Data on Current Residence Time Abstract: The study of the housing market s peculiarities is of great interest, since they influence the economy and welfare of a given country.Households duration of residence plays a key role for explaining private decisions (as buying or renting a house) as well as public decisions (politics oriented to increase the leasing offer or to reduce the cost when entering a house for the first time). Despite of the relevance of this durable good in socio-economics, we are not aware of any investigation on the households duration of residence in Spain, which constitutes an extra motivation for performing such a study. The goal of the present work is inferring the distribution of households duration of residence from data on current residence time. The Theory of Renewal Processes will be a key tool in our study. Our data come from the Survey of Family Budgets (1980 and 1990) and from the Complete Panel Survey of Homes in the EU (2000). The richness of these data allows for an evaluation of the heterogeneity of the duration of residence according to some variables of interest: tenure, geographic localization, total salary, and value of the housing. Classification-JEL: C41, D19 Keywords: Residential duration, EPF, PHOGUE, Renewal Processes Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 87-105 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/176_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:176:i:1:p:87-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carmen D az Rold n Author-Email: carmen.diazroldan@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Diego Mart nez L pez Author-Email: diego.martinez@centrodeestudiosandaluces.es Author-Workplace-Name: Fundaci n Centro de Estudios Andaluces Title: Public investment and growth: a survey Abstract: The relationship between public investment and economic is one of the most highly debated issues in economic policy circles in recent years. This topic has been analyzed from several approaches, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective. In this paper we present a survey of the main results found in the literature, with a special emphasis on those concerning productive public spending and economic growth. Classification-JEL: O40, H54, E62 Keywords: Growth, infrastructures, regional policy Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 109-140 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: April File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/176_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2006:v:176:i:1:p:109-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gonzalo Fern ndez de C rdoba Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Salamanca Author-Name: Ram n J. Torregrosa Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Salamanca Title: Efectos de una sustituci n de impuestos sobre el trabajo por impuestos sobre el capital: el caso de Espa a Abstract: La participaci n de las rentas del trabajo en los ingresos fiscales en Espa a es superior a la participaci n de las rentas laborales en la renta nacional. Dado que la participaci n de las rentas laborales en la renta nacional es constante, la nica manera de aproximar estas participaciones es a trav s de una reforma fiscal en la que el tipo efectivo sobre las rentas laborales sea menor. El principal postulado de este art culo es que no es posible dise ar una pol tica de sustituci n de impuestos que consiga disminuir los impuestos sobre las rentas del trabajo y compensar esta disminuci n con un incremento de los impuestos sobre las rentas del capital que tenga la propiedad de mantener el ingreso fiscal y la producci n constantes. Classification-JEL: E62, H20, O40. Keywords: Pol tica fiscal, equilibrio general din mico. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-23 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/175_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:175:i:4:p:9-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a A. Garc a-Vali as Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Econom a. Universidad de Oviedo. Author-Name: Manuel Antonio Mu iz P rez Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Econom a. Universidad de Oviedo. Author-Name: Javier Su rez Pandiello Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Econom a. Universidad de Oviedo. Title: Prevenciones ex ante y validaciones ex post en la selecci n de outputs para evaluar servicios p blicos: el caso de la educaci n Abstract: La selecci n de indicadores de resultados y productividad es una cuesti n de plena actualidad en el campo de la gesti n y evaluaci n de los servicios p blicos en general, y en el caso de la Educaci n Secundaria en particular. Para dar respuesta a este problema, en este trabajo se analizan dos aspectos complementarios. En primer lugar y como paradigma de an lisis ex ante de la cuesti n, detectar si se dan en la realidad en un n mero significativo de escuelas situaciones problem ticas que podr an sesgar la evaluaci n, como la especializaci n en determinados resultados o la aparici n de estrategias. Posteriormente y como contraste ex post, se comprobar la adecuaci n de distintas alternativas de variables de output educativo a los casos pol micos detectados. Como datos del estudio se emplean los relativos a una muestra de 215 Institutos de Educaci n Secundaria p blicos localizados en las CC. AA. de Asturias, Arag n y Extremadura. La metodolog a aplicada es el An lisis Envolvente de Datos o DEA, t cnica no param trica de evaluaci n de la eficiencia productiva que se ha revelado en los ltimos a os como la m s utilizada para la evaluaci n de la eficiencia productiva en los servicios p blicos. Classification-JEL: C61, D61, H41, I20. Keywords: eficiencia, outputs, servicios p blicos, educaci n, DEA. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 25-60 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/175_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:175:i:4:p:25-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaime Vall s Gim nez Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Econ micas de Zaragoza Author-Name: Anabel Z rate Marco Author-Workplace-Name: Escuela de Estudios Empresariales de Zaragoza Title: La influencia de la deducci n por descendientes en el tama o de la familia. Un ejercicio con microdatos para Espa a Abstract: En este trabajo analizamos la relaci n que puede existir entre la deducci n por descendientes contemplada en el IRPF y la elecci n del tama o familiar de las mujeres en edad f rtil, con objeto de extraer alguna conclusi n sobre la efectividad de dicha deducci n para elevar la natalidad. Para ello, utilizando el PHOGUE, hemos estimado un modelo ordenado jerarquizado y un modelo censurado. Los resultados muestran que la deducci n por descendientes, junto con otras variables, resulta relevante en la explicaci n del tama o familiar, si bien, el efecto de la deducci n sobre la end gena es modesto. A pesar de ello, la facilidad y rapidez con que se act a sobre las variables fiscales, frente a otros aspectos como los culturales, puede apoyar la actuaci n del Sector P blico a trav s de este instrumento para estimular la natalidad, especialmente si se dise a una estrategia que concentre los potenciales recursos adicionales en la deducci n por el segundo descendiente. Classification-JEL: H24, H31. Keywords: deducci n marginal relativa por descendientes, tama o familiar, probabilidad. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-101 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/175_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:175:i:4:p:61-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pilar Garc a G mez Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: ngel L pez Nicol s Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra, CRES y Universidad Polit cnica de Cartagena Title: Socio-economic inequalities in health in Catalonia Abstract: In this paper we measure the degree of socio economic inequality in both mental health and general health for the Catalan population. We find that income is the main contributor to inequality, especially in the case of mental health. The regional variations in both health measures are striking, with the Barcelona districts faring relatively bad and Lleida being the region where the population reports the greatest level of health all else held equal. A big share of inequality in the two health measures is due to the favourable position in both health and income of those who enjoy an indefinite contract. We also find that risky working conditions affect both health measures and explain an important share of socio-economic inequality. Classification-JEL: D63, I12, C21. Keywords: Health inequalities, decomposition analysis, mental health, Spain. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 103-121 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/175_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:175:i:4:p:103-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel-Angel L pez Garc a Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: La vivienda y la reforma fiscal de 1998: un ejercicio de simulaci n Abstract: IEn este trabajo se discuten las consecuencias que puede tener la reforma del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F sicas de 1998 sobre los precios reales de la vivienda y el stock de capital residencial (bajo la forma de tenencia en propiedad). El nfasis se coloca en los efectos a largo plazo. Para ello se especifica, parametriza y calibra un modelo de vivienda agregado que reproduce las disposiciones fiscales antes y despu s del cambio impositivo. Las simulaciones realizadas sugieren que es probable que el efecto precio de la reforma acabe predominando sobre el efecto renta , dando lugar a una reducci n tanto en el precio real como en el stock. Los resultados son robustos frente a variaciones de algunos par metros clave (en particular de la elasticidad-precio de la inversi n residencial). No obstante, las cifras involucradas son peque as. Classification-JEL: H22, H24, R21. Keywords: subsidios a la vivienda, reforma fiscal, modelos de simulaci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 123-147 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/175_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:175:i:4:p:123-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emilio Padilla Rosa Author-Email: emilio.padilla@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Auton ma de Barcelona Author-Name: Joan Pasqual Rocabert Author-Email: Joan.Pasqual.Rocabert@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Individual and Social optimality of Intergenerational Investments Abstract: Conventional evaluation methods, as the net present value, consider any future consumption applying the time preference of present individuals. A more coherent analysis requires distinguishing between time preferences and the preferences about the consumption to be enjoyed by the individuals of future generations. In this paper we use an overlapping generations model with intergenerational altruism for studying optimality conditions of intergenerational investments. This tool allows us to consider the problem of intergenerational allocation without obviating the individuals intertemporal allocation of consumption. Classification-JEL: D61, D64, H43. Keywords: Cost-benefit analysis, Future generations, Intergenerational altruism, Net present value, Project appraisal, Time discounting Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-24 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/174_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:174:i:3:p:9-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Javier Amador Morera Author-Email: famador@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Rosa Marina Gonz lez Marrero Author-Email: rmglzmar@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Title: Value of Travel Time Savings for University Students and Preference Heterogeneity Abstract: This paper examines the sensitivity of value of travel time savings (VTTS) to assumptions on individual preferences in a random utility discrete choice framework. Preferences heterogeneity is incorporated by introducing random parameters and by interacting characteristics of travel modes with characteristics of the individual. The data set is a revealed preference survey on student travel mode choice. The results indicate that there is a systematic influence of gender on VTTS and additional heterogeneity is explained by unobserved characteristics. The evidence also suggests model specifications that impose preferences homogeneity tend to produce lower estimates of VTTS compared with more flexible structures that allow random variation of parameters over individuals. However, the degree of underestimation seems to be context dependent.. Classification-JEL: R41, C25, D61 Keywords: Random utility discrete choice models, preference heterogeneity, subjective value of travel time, random parameter logit. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 25-41 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/174_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:174:i:3:p:25-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Mart nez L pez Author-Email: diego.martinez@centrodeestudiosandaluces.es Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Estudios Andaluces Title: On states behavior with equalization grants Abstract: This paper discusses how state government s behaviour is affected when the so-called Representative Tax System (RTS) equalization scheme is implemented. In particular, we study the changes in the marginal cost of public funds (MCPF), and in the first order conditions for the optimal provision of public inputs. Following Smart (1998), those equalization transfers might create a price effect that induces the subnational governments to raise taxes. However, this result has to be qualified under certain assumptions. Also we find that there is an ambiguous relationship between the degree of fiscal equalization and the marginal cost of providing the public input and the level of taxation. In a sense, it is not clear that more redistribution necessarily leads to more inefficiency caused by higher taxes. Classification-JEL: H71, H72 Keywords: Fiscal federalism, MCPF, vertical transfers Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 43-54 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/174_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:174:i:3:p:43-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F lix Dom nguez Barrero Author-Email: fdomin@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Julio L pez Laborda Author-Email: julio.lopez@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Fernando Rodrigo Sauco Author-Email: frodrigo@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Do Corporate and Personal Income Taxes Affect Incorporation? Abstract: The paper estimates the impact that the differences of taxation in the Spanish Personal Income Tax (IRPF) and Corporate Income Tax (IS) cause in the division of the economic activity between corporate and noncorporate firms. The exercise is based on the approach proposed by Mackie-Mason and Gordon (1997), who specifies the relation between both taxes by means of the construction of a variable that measures the fiscal distortion to incorporating. In our research, the fiscal distortion is estimated from the calculation of the average effective tax rates for the sole and social proprietors, adapting the methodology established by Devereux and Griffith (1998b). The paper concludes that the tax factors do not turn out to be significant in the organizational decisions of the firms in Spain, and that are the nontax and macroeconomic aspects those that explain the weight of the corporate firms in the managerial activity. Classification-JEL: H24, H25, H32. Keywords: Personal Income Tax, Corporate Tax, organizational form, fiscal distortion, average effective tax rate. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 55-86 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/174_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:174:i:3:p:55-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Jos Imedio Olmedo Author-Email: imedio@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Encarnaci n Macarena Parrado Gallardo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Mar a Dolores Sarri n Gavil n Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Horizontal equity, equal progression: an utilitarian approach Abstract: We consider an heterogeneous population in which we make a partition into two groups that are homogeneous with respect to the characteristics, other than the income, with fiscal incidence. The differences between both groups are taken into account by means of a profile of utility functions and the fiscal system is constituted by two tax schedules, one for each group. In this context, taking as equal those tax payers with the same level of utility, we define a scale of equivalence and we give several definitions of the horizontal equity principle. We characterize the fiscal systems which satisfy it in terms of utility loss, it allows us the incorporation of the equal sacrifice principle to the analysis. Furthermore, we obtain the conditions under which the equal face the same degree of progression. Finally, we particularize our results to the case of isoelastic utility functions. Classification-JEL: D63 Keywords: equal sacrifice, isoelastic utility functions and equivalence scales, heterogeneous populations. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 87-115 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/174_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:174:i:3:p:87-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos E. Bosc Author-Email: jose.e.bosca@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Jos R. Garc a Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: David Tag as Author-Workplace-Name: Servicio de Estudios, BBVA Title: Effective Tax rates and Fiscal Convergence in the OECD: 1965-2001 Abstract: In this work we elaborate a data base that includes 21 OECD countries along the 1965-2001 period. It includes average effective tax rates on consumption, capital and labour, which are adequate to analyse macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy. Additionally, we make a description of the most important features of fiscal structures in OECD countries along the last decades. Thus, we find that the ratio of fiscal revenues to GDP has steadily increased in these countries, mainly due to the increase of taxation on labour earnings. This increase in fiscal revenues has gone together with a process of convergence across countries both in the level of fiscal revenues, as in labour and capital tax rates. However, consumption tax rates, which have not been converging across OECD countries, present a clear convergence pattern across European countries since the beginning of the eighties. Classification-JEL: H2, H87 Keywords: Tax rates, consumption tax, labour tax, capital tax. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages:119-141 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/174_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:174:i:3:p:119-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: In s Macho Stadler Author-Email: ines.macho@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Auton ma de Barcelona Author-Name: David Perez-Castrillo Author-Email: david.perez@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Optimal inspection policy and income-tax compliance Abstract: In this paper, we present a review of the literature on optimal auditing of tax evasion and we fill some existing gaps with new results. The main contribution is to give a unified vision on the optimal audit policy when the Agency can pool the taxpayers as a function of the main activity they obtain the income from (because it determines their income distribution and their possibilities to evade), or as result of some additional information about them. We also study the consequences of the existence of a group of taxpayers who are characteristic since they are always honest. Classification-JEL: H26, D82. Keywords: Tax evasion, optimal audit policy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-45 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/173_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:173:i:2:p:9-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Pasqual Rocabert Author-Email: joan.pasqual@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Jos Antonio Tarr o Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Mar a Jos P rez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Title: Anomalies in net present value calculations. A solution Abstract: The so-called anomalies that arise in the computation and interpretation of the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) can be easily overcome if the properties of the NPV function are taken into account and it is clearly defined what is an investment and what is a credit. All the roots of the NPV function have economic meaning and, when there is at least one IRR, the NPV and the IRR criteria agree. Classification-JEL: Q28; D92 Keywords: Net Present Value; Internal Rate of Return; Investment Analysis; Project Evaluation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 47-60 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/173_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:173:i:2:p:47-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Cordero Ferrera Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Email: pedraja@unex.es Author-Name: Francisco Pedraja Chaparro Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Author-Name: Javier Salinas Jim nez Author-Email: Javier.salinas@ief.meh.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. Universidad de Extremadura Title: Secondary schools efficiencyand non-controllable inputs: sensibility of the results to different DEA model specifications Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study how much sensitive efficiency scores are when different approaches proposed in the literature are used to include exogenous factors in efficiency analysis. Specifically, we will concentrate on two crucial issues. One the one hand, although we have an extensive data set on these variables derived from school surveys, it is not possible to use all these data, so we consider the possibility of either including the most relevant variables in the efficiency analysis or using Principal Components Analysis to summarise information contained in such variables. On the other hand, two alternative methodologies are considered to include these factors in efficiency analyisis, we will compare the approach according to which such factors must be taken into account to calculate the final efficiency indices and alternative multi-stage approaches. The analysis covers 79 public high schools in the region of Extremadura (Spain) for the 2001-02 school year. Classification-JEL: D20, I22 Keywords: Data Envelopment, Analysis (DEA), secondary schools, non-controllable inpunts Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-83 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/173_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:173:i:2:p:61-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Calzada Author-Email: calzada@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Francesc Trillas Author-Email: francesc.trillas@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: The interconnection prices in telecomunications: from theory to practice Abstract: This paper evaluates the main measures that have been used to regulate the interconnection prices in the telecommunication sector. We show that many of the regulations that are applying the vast majority of countries have very little theoretical support, and we identify the restrictions that prevent a more efficient intervention in the sector. In order to conduct this research, we firstly review the results of the theoretical literature on one and two-ways interconnections and we explain the problems that the national regulatory agencies have had when introducing the lessons of the academic contributions in their regulations. Secondly, we analyse the cost orientated interconnection prices, which are at present the regulatory practices most widely used. We evaluate the efficiency of some versions of this mechanism and explain the efforts that are being made to improve it. Classification-JEL: L13, L51., L96, H54, D43 Keywords: Telecommunications, regulation, interconnection, access charges Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 85-125 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/173_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:173:i:2:p:85-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Clavero Barranquero Author-Email: clavero@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: M . Luz Gonz lez Alvarez Author-Email: luz@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: A survey of econometric models to analyze the demand and utilisation of health care Abstract: The aim of this article is to revise the literature about the applied econometric models to the analysis of the demand and utilisation of health care. Due to the difficulty to measure directly the demand of these services, the empirical investigations resort to data of the use of medical services. If the information is obtained from surveys corresponding to individualised data, the econometric specifications more appropriate will be the discrete choice models, censored, count data and hurdle, depending on: the explicated variable and the agent who decides. When the utilisation is quantified by aggregate data, it is possible to analyse the themes of variability in geographical areas and the inappropriate use by multivariate regression models. The mentioned methods show some limitations that can be overcome by panel data and multilevel models. Classification-JEL: C2, I11, I18 Keywords: health case utilisation;discrete choice models; geographical areas variation: multilevel models Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 129-162 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/173_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:173:i:2:p:129-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teresa Palmer Tous Author-Email: teresa.palmer@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de las Islas Baleares Author-Name: Antoni Riera Font Author-Email: antoni.riera@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de las Islas Baleares Title: Road transport taxation: a critical review of their internalising effectiveness Abstract: Over the last two decades there have appeared a lot of studies, with a European Union scope, aimed to estimate the externalities linked to the transport sector. An attempt to provide a tax instrument to get a socially optimal level is the ultimate reason of this kind of valuations. More specifically, this paper deals with the taxation of road transport. We analyse taxes in this sector in order to identify its real corrective design or, on the contrary, identify the criteria that should be introduced to improve its internalising efectiveness. Classification-JEL: H23, R41, R48. Keywords: externalities, road transport, taxes, internalising effectiveness. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 165-191 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/173_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:173:i:2:p:165-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Arrazola Author-Email: marrazol@est-econ.uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Author-Name: Jos de Hevia Author-Email: jhevia@est-econ.uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Author-Name: Marta Risue o Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Europea de Madrid Author-Name: Jos F lix Sanz Sanz Author-Email:jsfrscs3@terra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: A proposal to estimate human capital depreciation: some evidence for Spain Abstract: This article formulates an empirical model for salary determination, which permits the identification of the depreciation rate of the stock of professional qualifications. The analysis is implemented using the 1994 European Community Household Panel data referring to Spanish salaried males. The depreciation rate of the stock of qualifications is estimated at a narrow interval centred at 1%. Empirical evidence also suggests that although the depreciation rate does not vary according to the level of education, it does so depending on unemployment spells endured by the worker in recent years and on whether the worker has undertaken training courses. Classification-JEL: J24; J31. Keywords: Human capital, depreciation, experience-earnings profiles Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-22 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/172_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:172:i:1:p:9-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Gonz lez-P ramo Author-Workplace-Name: Banco Mundial Europeo Title: Imperfect factor mobility, unemployment, and the short-period incidence of a capital income tax Abstract: A crucial feature of the short-run perspective in many policy-relevant issues is the existence of unemployment due to wage rigidities. At the same time, imperfections in the degree of factor mobility between sectors or regions determine the nature and flexibility of the responses of the economy to exogenous shocks. It is no wonder then that the incidence of taxation upon employment and income distribution is a central preoccupation of the fiscal authorities. In this paper we explore the structure of the incidence and the economic effects of a selective capital income tax in a neoclassical, two-sector, two-factor, short-period model in which the existence of a sticky wage that exceeds the maximum level consistent with full-employment leads to unemployment of labour . Classification-JEL: H22, H25 Keywords: Tax incidence, capital mobility, unemployment, general equilibrium Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 23-59 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/172_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:172:i:1:p:23-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Mulas-Granados Author-Email: Carlosm@ceacs.march.es Author-Workplace-Name: Oficina Econ mica del Presidente del Gobierno Title: Fiscal Adjustments and the Short-Term Trade-Off between economic growth and equality Abstract: This article examines the short-term economic impact of alternative fiscal adjustment strategies, with an especial focus on their effect on economic growth and income distribution Based on a sample of 53 adjustment episodes occurred in the fifteen EU Member States between 1960-2000, this article shows that different strategies of fiscal adjustment bring about different economic consequences. Expenditure-based adjustments that are preceded by bad economic and fiscal initial conditions, that are accompanied by a devaluation, and that succeed in cutting the least productive expenditures of the budget, are likely to have anti-Keynesian effects and to be expansionary. Nevertheless, they do so at the expense of increasing income inequality. The opposite is true for revenue-based consolidations. The nineties epitomize the story of expansionary fiscal consolidations via strong wealth and credibility effects, but also the rebirth of the trade-off between growth and equality, mediated by fiscal policy. Classification-JEL: E62, E23, H30, H50. Keywords: Fiscal adjustment, economic growth, equality, budget composition. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-92 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/172_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:172:i:1:p:61-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M . Jes s San Segundo G mez de Cadi anos Author-Email: mjsan@eco.uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Title: Promotion and remuneration of university professors: from the LRU to the COU Abstract: This paper analyzes policy changes introduced by a law in 2001 regarding selection and remuneration of university professors. The effects of the previous law, passed in 1983, are described, as well as the likely consequences of the new law. Economic analysis is combined with a comparison of the models applied in different developed countries. Classification-JEL: I21, I23, J45. Keywords: professors, incentives, universities. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 93-117 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/172_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:172:i:1:p:93-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Angeles Garc a Vali as Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Promotion and remuneration of university professors: from the LRU to the COU Abstract: This paper analyzes policy changes introduced by a law in 2001 regarding selection and remuneration of university professors. The effects of the previous law, passed in 1983, are described, as well as the likely consequences of the new law. Economic analysis is combined with a comparison of the models applied in different developed countries. Classification-JEL: I21, I23, J45. Keywords: professors, incentives, universities. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 119-143 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/172_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:172:i:1:p:119-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bel n Gonz lez D az Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: La actuaci n de los rganos de control externo en la fiscalizaci n de las universidades p blicas Abstract: El prop sito de este trabajo consiste en investigar, a partir de los informes de fiscalizaci n sobre universidades, dos aspectos: 1) el tipo de informaci n que los rganos de control externo facilitan en los informes de fiscalizaci n sobre universidades; y 2) el grado de homogeneidad de dichos informes. Ello permitir concluir si se cumplen las exigencias m nimas reguladas por las normas de auditor a vigentes y si la informaci n presentada en los informes de fiscalizaci n es homog nea. Classification-JEL: L31, H83, M42. Keywords: universidades, informes de fiscalizaci n, ndice de informaci n. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 145-177 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/172_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2005:v:172:i:1:p:145-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel G mez de Antonio Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Angel Ala n Pardo Author-Email: angel@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Evaluaci n y an lisis espacial del grado de incumplimiento fiscal para las provincias espa olas (1980-2000) Abstract: El objetivo de esta investigaci n es obtener una estimaci n de la econom a sumergida de origen fiscal, para el per odo 1980-2000, tanto para el conjunto de la econom a espa ola como para sus provincias, ofreciendo una primera aproximaci n de su cuant a y su distribuci n territorial. El trabajo utiliza un enfoque monetario que estima un modelo de regresi n para explicar la demanda del agregado monetario, M2, introduciendo entre las variables explicativas una medida de presi n fiscal an loga al ndice local de progresividad de la carga, pero para el conjunto del sistema impositivo. Una vez estimada la ecuaci n de regresi n del agregado monetario M2, bajo determinados supuestos, se obtiene una ecuaci n que permite aproximar el porcentaje que representa la econom a sumergida respecto de la econom a oficial . A los resultados provinciales se les aplican contrastes espaciales para ver si el grado de cumplimiento fiscal sigue alg n patr n de distribuci n espacial definido. Classification-JEL: E61, H20, H26. Keywords: econom a sumergida, cumplimiento fiscal, econometr a espacial, funciones de demanda de efectivo Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-32 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/171_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:171:i:4:p:9-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Carb Valverde Author-Email: scarbo@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Antonio Palomares Bautista Author-Email: anpalom@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Author-Name: Victoriano Ram rez Gonz lez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: La regulaci n de los rganos de gobierno de las cajas de ahorros: consideraciones electorales Abstract: El presente trabajo supone un avance en la resoluci n de los problemas de elecci n social y reparto proporcional de las cajas de ahorros espa olas. La regulaci n estatal y regional relativa a estas instituciones no resuelve adecuadamente los problemas en las elecciones a representantes a los rganos rectores de dichas entidades financieras. La elecci n de un m todo para un problema de reparto proporcional, debe hacerse en funci n de las propiedades que se desean. Consistencia e imparcialidad son, entre otras, dos propiedades importantes a cumplir. Por ello, proponemos St. Lagu como m todo de reparto. Por otra parte, introducimos el concepto de proporcionalidad en la elecci n social y probamos que existe un m todo tipo Borda que la consigue. Utilizando estas opciones, se realizan simulaciones para la distribuci n de los representantes en los rganos de gobierno de las cajas de ahorros. Classification-JEL: G21, D71, D72. Keywords: cajas de ahorros, regulaci n, rganos de gobierno, reparto proporcional, elecci n social Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 33-55 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/171_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:171:i:4:p:33-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ram n M -Dolores Author-Email: ramonmar@um.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Murcia Title: Public capital effects on spanish regions productivity: a non-parametric approach (1965-1998) Abstract: This paper contributes to the empirical literature on public capital effects on Spanish regions productivity by applying an alternative approach to examine its influence based on a non-parametric FDH production technology with variable scaling parameters (VP-FDH) proposed in Kersten and Vanden Eeckaut (1999). This technique has significant advantages for regional comparisons of productivity and, more generally, wherever the assumption of convexity for the production set is not likely to be appropriate. My results show that public capital has a significant impact in the less developed regions. When I disaggregate public capital in the so-called core and non-core infrastructures I find that the first type of infrastructure have developed an important role in the majority of periods. Classification-JEL: C31, O47. Keywords: cross-regions productivity, technological efficiency, public capital, convexity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 57-74 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/171_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:171:i:4:p:57-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo Pag n Author-Email: rpr@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Andr s J. Marchante Author-Email: marchante@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: An lisis de las diferencias salariales por discapacidad en Espa a: el caso de los varones Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar las diferencias salariales entre las personas con discapacidad y sin discapacidad en Espa a, descomponiendo tales diferencias entre los factores que m s contribuyen a explicarlas. A partir de los microdatos del Panel de Hogares de la Uni n Europea para el per odo 1995-2000, se estiman para una muestra de hombres ecuaciones de salarios para cada colectivo, corregidas por el sesgo de selecci n a trav s del m todo de estimaci n de dos etapas de Heckman. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que aunque un 57,02 por 100 de la diferencia salarial ofrecida es explicada por las diferencias en las caracter sticas observadas (especialmente en el nivel educativo y el tipo de ocupaci n), una parte importante es atribuible a las diferencias en los rendimientos de tales caracter sticas (42,98 por 100). Classification-JEL: I1, J2 y J3 Keywords: Discapacidad, discriminaci n salarial, sesgo de selecci n Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 75-100 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/171_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:171:i:4:p:75-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fidel Picos S nchez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Alberto Gago Rodr guez Author-Email: agago@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: El impuesto dual: argumentos te ricos e implicaciones de pol tica fiscal Abstract: Entre 1987 y 1993 los pa ses escandinavos llevaron a cabo importantes reformas de sus IRPF, pasando de modelos formalmente sint ticos a modelos duales que gravan progresivamente las rentas de trabajo y proporcionalmente las de capital. Pese a la innovaci n que supuso en su d a la adopci n de estos modelos, no ha tenido lugar desde entonces un debate de fondo sobre las ventajas e inconvenientes de los mismos. En este trabajo se realiza una revisi n de los argumentos que se han utilizado hasta ahora como justificaci n del Modelo Dual y de los estudios emp ricos que han examinado sus efectos. El objetivo final es determinar si nos encontramos ante una opci n reformista viable o si, al menos, es posible extraer alguna conclusi n parcial de inter s en t rminos de pol tica fiscal. Classification-JEL: H24 H31 Keywords: : Reforma del IRPF; impuesto dual; pol tica fiscal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 103-130 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/171_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:171:i:4:p:103-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos M Arranz Author-Email: josem.arranz@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Juan Muro Author-Email: juan.muro@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: An extra time duration model with application to unemployment duration under benefits in Spain Abstract: This paper postulates that the effect of unemployment benefits on the hazard rates changes considerably using a traditional duration model that uses only unemployment insurance (UI) data, or deals with unemployment assistance (UA) as a mere extension of UI, instead of an extra time duration model that accounts separately for transition rates to work of the unemployed who receive UI and UA. For UI recipients the hazard rate rises dramatically when UI benefits lapse approaches. On the contrary, for UA recipients the hazard rate remains flat or even has a slight fall nearby the UA lapse. Finally, there is a group of unemployed qualified for UA that quit UI due to the income fall that they will experience when they pass from UI to UA. Classification-JEL: J64 Keywords: : unemployment insurance, unemployment assistance, mixed proportional hazard model, sequential exits, unobserved heterogeneity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 133-156 Issue: 4 Year: 2004 Month: december File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/171_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:171:i:4:p:133-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Angeles Marra Dom nguez Author-Email: amarra@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Incentivos fiscales, inversi n en actividades de I+D y estructura de costes. Un an lisis por tama o para una muestra de empresas manufactureras espa olas, 1991-1999 Abstract: El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar los efectos que los incentivos fiscales a la inversi n en actividades de I+D tienen sobre la estructura de costes y la demanda de capital de I+D privado de una muestra de empresas manufactureras espa olas clasificada seg n tama o en dos grupos: Pymes (??200 trabajadores) y Grandes Empresas (>200 trabajadores) durante el per odo 1991-1999. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los incentivos fiscales a la I+D, amortizaci n inmediata fiscalmente permitida y cr dito fiscal a la I+D, tienen un efecto positivo significativo para estimular la demanda de inversi n en capital de I+D privado, observ ndose que en media estos mecanismos contribuyen en mayor medida a estimular la demanda de capital de I+D privado en las Grandes Empresas que en las Pymes. Classification-JEL: H20, H25, O30, O32. Keywords: Actividades de I+D, Incentivos fiscales a la inversi n en I+D, Coste del capital de I+D privado, Funci n de costes Cobb-Douglas. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-35 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 Month: september File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/170_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:170:i:3:p:9-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Teresa Balaguer Coll Author-Email: bcoll@cofin.uji.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Jaume I Title: La eficiencia en las administraciones locales ante diferentes especificaciones del output Abstract: En este trabajo se analizan los niveles de eficiencia de las administraciones locales ante diferentes especificaciones del output, a partir del empleo de la metodolog a DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). En concreto, se diferencian tres tipos de modelos: aquellos cuyo output es de producci n (cantidad), aquellos otros en los que se incluye la calidad de los servicios, y un tercer modelo en el que se introducen todas las variables. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los niveles de eficiencia son inferiores cuando el output que se incluye en el modelo es de calidad. En t rminos de producci n de los servicios, los ayuntamientos son m s eficientes y m s semejantes que en calidad. Estos resultados indican que los gestores p blicos deber an priorizar aquellas actuaciones encauzadas a mejorar la calidad de los servicios prestados. Classification-JEL: H21, H71, H72. Keywords: Administraciones Locales, An lisis Envolvente de Datos, Eficiencia, Calidad y Funciones de Densidad. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 37-58 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 Month: september File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/170_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:170:i:3:p:37-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Marqu s Sevillano Author-Email: manuelm@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Author-Name: Joan Rossell Villallonga Author-Email: joan.rosello@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Illes Balears Title: Public employment and regional redistribution in Spain Abstract: We study the determinants, beyond the process of decentralisation, of the regional allocation of public jobs by the Central Government and the increase in the number of public employees at the Regional Governments in Spain during 1990-1999. Using standard panel data econometric procedures we show that the Central Government might have been increasing the number of public jobs in those regions with lower levels of GDP per capita. Also we show that the number of public employees is larger in those regions in which there has been a coincidence between the political orientation of the ruling parties in the Regional and Central Governments. Finally, we find that political variables might explain part of the increase in the number of public employees in the Regional Governments, together with the process of decentralisation and GDPpc. Classification-JEL: H0, H1, R7 Keywords: Public Employment; Regional Redistribution; Fiscal Policy Instruments Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 59-80 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 Month: september File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/170_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:170:i:3:p:59-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaime Alonso-Carrera Author-Email: jalonso@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Mar a Jes s Freire-Ser n Author-Email: mjfreire@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Baltasar Manzano Author-Email: bmanzano@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Rentabilidad social de la inversi n p blica espa ola en infraestructuras Abstract: En este trabajo se cuantifican los efectos de la inversi n p blica espa ola en infraestructuras sobre el bienestar social. Para ello se calibra con datos de la econom a espa ola un modelo de equilibrio general din mico de agente representativo, donde la inversi n p blica se financia con impuestos distorsionantes. El stock de infraestructuras p blicas tendr un efecto positivo sobre la productividad agregada de los factores aunque, como aportaci n te rica novedosa, asumiremos que este efecto vendr determinado por la dotaci n efectiva de infraestructuras. Consideraremos rendimientos decrecientes a escala a nivel privado derivados de la existencia de costes de transporte, los cuales dependen negativamente de la dotaci n de infraestructuras por unidad de output. La actividad inversora del sector p blico tendr , por lo tanto, dos efectos contrapuestos sobre el bienestar. Por un lado, un incremento del stock de infraestructuras provoca un aumento de la producci n efectiva agregada, mientras que por otra parte, hace que crezca la recaudaci n impositiva distorsionante, afectando a la renta disponible y a la decisi n de los individuos sobre consumo, ahorro y oferta de trabajo. De esta forma, el efecto final sobre el bienestar de un incremento en la inversi n p blica depender de la pol tica fiscal inicial y de la estrategia de financiaci n de ese incremento. Classification-JEL: E62, H20, O40. Keywords: Pol tica fiscal, equilibrio general din mico, din mica comparativa, bienestar. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 81-103 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 Month: september File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/170_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:170:i:3:p:81-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Dur n Author-Email: dj_christianduran@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Rovira I Virgili Title: Evaluaci n microeconom trica de las pol ticas p blicas de empleo: aspectos metodol gicos Abstract: En este trabajo se muestran de forma esquem tica los problemas fundamentales de evaluaci n de las pol ticas p blicas. El impacto de un determinado programa de formaci n en un participante se mide como la diferencia entre el valor de la variable-resultado (salario, duraci n del desempleo) alcanzado en su situaci n actual, en la que ha participado en el programa y el valor de su resultado contrafactual en la situaci n hipot tica de que no hubiese participado en el programa. Sin embargo, el resultado contrafactual no puede observarse por lo que es necesario recurrir a su estimaci n mediante m todos econom tricos y estad sticos. Classification-JEL: 824, 23, 30. Keywords: Evaluaci n de pol ticas activas del mercado de trabajo, modelo de Roy-Rubin, M todos experimentales y no-experimentales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 107-133 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 Month: september File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/170_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:170:i:3:p:107-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudia P rez- Forni s Author-Email: claperez@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: M Dolores Gadea Author-Email: lgadea@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Eva Pardos Author-Email: epardos@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Gasto en defensa y renta en los pa ses de la Alianza Atl ntica (1960-2002) Abstract:Este trabajo analiza la relaci n entre el gasto en defensa y la renta de los quince miembros de la OTAN entre 1960 y 2002 con un tratamiento homog neo que permite hacer comparaciones entre pa ses que pertenecen a una misma alianzamilitar. La estimaci n simult nea de la demanda de defensa con la ayuda del m todo de regresiones aparentemente relacionadas divide la muestra entre pa ses de alta y de baja elasticidad renta. Estos ltimos incluyen a las grandes potencias econ micas y militares dentro de la Alianza. En conjunto, la renta explica bien la demanda de gasto en defensa la principal excepci n es Estados Unidos y el comienzo de la posguerra fr a aparece como una inflexi n relevante en la estimaci n. Classification-JEL: H56, C22 Keywords: Econom a de la defensa, Gasto en defensa, SURE Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 137-153 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 Month: september File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/170_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:170:i:3:p:137-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cecilia Albert Author-Email: Cecilia.albert@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Mar a A. Davia Author-Email: MAngeles.Davia@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Title: Salud, salarios y educaci n Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar la evidencia sobre el efecto de la educaci n en la salud y los salarios. Se estima un ndice sint tico del estado de salud para paliar el problema de subjetividad de los indicadores de autoevaluaci n. Para tener en cuenta la endogeneidad entre los salarios y la salud se estima simult neamente una ecuaci n de salud y una de salarios considerando el sesgo de selecci n muestral. El estudio se realiza para Espa a con el Panel de Hogares de la Uni n Europea. Como resultados fundamentales destacan los siguientes: un mayor nivel educativo afecta positivamente a los salarios y a la salud, aunque no existen diferencias entre el estado de salud de los individuos con estudios medios y los que han alcanzado estudios superiores. Classification-JEL: I12, I20, J31 Keywords: rendimientos de la educaci n, salud y salarios Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 11-34 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:11-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergi Jim nez-Mart n Author-Email: sergi.jimenez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Alfonso R. S nchez Mart n Author-Email: arsanmar@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Imperial College London Title: The effect of pension rules on retirement monetary incentives with an application to pension reforms in Spain Abstract: In this work we theoretically disentangle the effects of pension provisions on a variety of financial incentives to retirement, trying to reconcile them with some key Spanish retirement patterns. We find that the average individual, who is never affected by any cap of contributions or benefits, has weak incentives to retire early and strong incentives to retire at the normal retirement age. Alternatively, individuals at the bottom of the wage distribution have strong incentives to retire as early as possible, as a result of the interaction between age-related penalties and the minimum pension. Both findings perfectly accommodate the retirement hazard of medium and low earners respectively. In contrast, high earners (those that have their contributions capped) do not retire early despite having strong incentives to do so. This is because, for those workers, financial incentives are not a good proxy for the marginal utility from working. Finally, we analyze the reasons behind the failure of the 1997 reform in improving the sustainability of the Spanish public pension system. Classification-JEL: H3, H5. Keywords: retirement, Social Security, Monetary incentives, Pension Reform, Spain Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 35-66 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:35-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fco. Javier Ramos Real Author-Email: miramos@uell.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Eduardo Mart nez Budr a Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Title: Regulaci n y cambio t cnico en la industria el ctrica espa ola (1985-1996) Abstract: En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de los cambios en la productividad explicados por el cambio t cnico en el sector el ctrico espa ol durante el per odo de vigencia del sistema regulatorio denominado Marco Legal y Estable. Para ello, hemos estimado una funci n de costes cuadr tica de corto plazo con datos del per odo 1985-1996 considerando que esta actividad es multiproductiva y multifase. A partir de esta estimaci n, se ha calculado el cambio t cnico y su descomposici n. Los resultados indican ahorros en costes variables de un 1,9 por 100 anual que fueron m s acentuados durante los primeros a os de aplicaci n del Marco Legal y Estable, siendo el cambio t cnico puro el principal factor explicativo. Classification-JEL: L94, L51. Keywords: : sector el ctrico, cambio t cnico, multiproducci n, funci n de costes cuadr tica. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 67-85 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:67-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Salas Velasco Author-Email: m.salas@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granana y Columbia University Title: Rendimientos privados de las inversiones en educaci n superior a partir de ecuaciones de ingresos Abstract: A pesar de su amplio uso en los trabajos aplicados sobre rendimientos de la educaci n, este art culo demuestra que la funci n minceriana est ndar no arroja una medida exacta del valor econ mico de la Educaci n Superior si sta es una variable end gena. El problema de la endogeneidad de la educaci n se ha corregido a trav s de la t cnica de variables instrumentales. Nosotros obtenemos una rentabilidad del 13,6 por 100 para los estudios universitarios; alternativamente, observamos que los licenciados ganan un 57 por 100 m s que los diplomados. No obstante, y tras usar el m todo biet pico de Heckman, no se detecta sesgo de selecci n muestral. Classification-JEL: C35, H00; I20; J31. Keywords: : rendimientos de la educaci n, variables instrumentales, m todo biet pico de Heckman, demanda educativa Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 87-117 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:87-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferran Sancho Author-Email: ferran.sancho@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Una estimaci n del coste marginal en bienestar del sistema impositivo en Espa a Abstract: Los sistemas impositivos no se adecuan en la pr ctica a las recomendaciones normativas de la teor a de la imposici n ptima. Las dificultades son de dos tipos: una primera es de nivel informacional en cuanto al desconocimiento de los valores de los par metros y elasticidades clave; otra es la complejidad pol tica, incluso si se conocieran correctamente los par metros, que significar a establecer modalidades de impuestos que podr an romper con la tradici n de mantener un sistema impositivo que se percibe socialmente como redistributivo . En consecuencia, una reforma integral ex novo del sistema fiscal puede ser inviable mientras que, en contraste, ajustes en el margen del actual sistema fiscal podr an ser pol ticamente m s aceptables y econ micamente m s simples de implementar. El objetivo de este trabajo es elucidar, como paso previo a considerar cualquier posible reforma del sistema impositivo, cu l es el coste marginal en bienestar del actual sistema fiscal en Espa a. Partimos, por tanto, de una situaci n hist rica dada y procedemos a estimar con un modelo computacional de simulaci n el coste marginal en bienestar de modificar limitadamente la actual estructura fiscal. Los resultados muestran que el sistema impositivo espa ol segrega un considerable lastre del orden de 0,5 unidades monetarias por cada unidad adicional de recaudaci n. Classification-JEL: JEL: C68, D61, H21. Keywords: coste marginal en bienestar, lastre fiscal, modelos num ricos de equilibrio general computacional, reforma fiscal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 117-132 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:117-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julio Segura Author-Email: jsegura@ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Competencia, disciplina de mercado y regulaci n en presencia de conflictos de inter s en las empresas Abstract: Este trabajo revisa los fundamentos anal ticos y la evidencia emp rica de los problemas b sicos relacionados con el gobierno de las empresas, las normas contables y la transparencia y analiza el comportamiento de las empresas auditoras, los analistas y las agencias de calificaci n en la reciente crisis. En el art culo se discute la funci n de las instituciones reguladoras en este campo y se eval an las propuestas y reformas llevadas a cabo en Espa a y otros pa ses en los ltimos a os. Classification-JEL: G32, G34, G38. Keywords: Gobierno de las empresas, reglas contables, regulaci n financiera, conflictos de inter s Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 135-170 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:135-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F lix Dom nguez Barrero Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Neutralidad fiscal y ahorro previsi n en la empresa: Efectos de la reforma del IRPF de 2002 Abstract: l presente trabajo estudia los efectos de la reforma del IRPF en las instituciones de previsi n social en la empresa, nalizando hasta qu punto el sistema fiscal discrimina entre ellas, y c mo han variado la carga/incentivos fiscales e cada una. Las figuras analizadas son los planes de pensiones de empleo, las mutualidades de previsi n social, los ontratos de seguros vida y los fondos internos. En el trabajo se observa que la reforma llevada a cabo rebaja de tipos mpositivos y reducciones en la parte de rendimientos gravada ha acarreado mejora de la fiscalidad de algunas nstituciones de previsi n y empeoramiento de otras. En las instituciones fiscalmente subvencionadas, una reducci n e tipos impositivos supone un empeoramiento de la fiscalidad, mientras que supone una mejora de aquellas que est n gravadas fiscalmente. Classification-JEL: : H24, H25, J31. Keywords: previsi n social en la empresa, planes de pensiones de empleo, contratos de seguros de vida, fondos internos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 173-202 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/169_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:169:i:2:p:173-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel Angel L pez-Garc a Author-Email: miguelangel.lopez@uab.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Welfare, Revenue and Indirect Tax Harmonization under the Origin Principle Abstract: This paper discusses whether some propositions concerning the effects of indirect tax harmonization that have been derived when taxes are levied on a destination basis and revenue is returned to the individuals as a lump-sum transfer can, when accurately reformulated, be extended to a framework where commodities are taxed according to the origin principle and the governments use their revenue to finance the purchase of goods and services. Using a two-country model, it is argued that a non-uniform proportional convergence of domestic taxes towards a properly designed average tax structure can be characterized as potentially Pareto-improving. However, these reforms will not, in general, lead to a strict Pareto-improvement where every country is better off without any need for international transfers. Classification-JEL: F15, H87 Keywords: : indirect tax harmonization, origin principle, reform of commodity taxes. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-25 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 Month: marzo File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/168_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:168:i:1:p:9-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Jes s Delgado Rodr guez Author-Email: mariajesus.delgado@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Inmaculada Alvarez Ayuso Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Capital p blico y eficiencia productiva: evidencia para la UE-15 Abstract: En este trabajo se mide la eficiencia productiva de los quince Estados miembros de la Uni n Europea (UE-15) durante el per odo 1980-2001, con el objetivo de analizar su evoluci n y explorar la influencia del capital p blico. Para ello se utiliza un modelo de frontera estoc stica que permite estimar la eficiencia productiva y determinar los factores que pueden explicar las diferencias existentes entre pa ses. Los stocks de capital p blico y privado utilizados en esta investigaci n se han elaborado a partir de informaci n contenida en la base de datos NewCronos, de la que tambi n proceden el resto de variables empleadas. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo del capital p blico sobre la producci n privada y la eficiencia productiva, siendo m s eficientes aquellos pa ses que mantienen una ratio capital p blico-capital privado menor. Se constata tambi n un proceso de catch-up tecnol gico entre los Estados miembros. Classification-JEL: C23, H54, D24 Keywords: capital p blico, eficiencia productiva y frontera estoc stica. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 27-46 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 Month: marzo File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/168_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:168:i:1:p:27-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Mar a Arranz Author-Email: josem.arranz@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Author-Name: Carlos Garc a- Serrano Author-Email: carlos.garcia@uah.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alcal Title: The influence of previous labour market experiences on subsequent job tenure Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of individual s previous labour market experiences on the duration of subsequent job matches in the Spanish labour market. The study draws on a sample of workers extracted from a Spanish administrative dataset. We find evidence on the existence of a scarring effect: the longer the time spent in non-employment since previous job separation, the shorter the duration of subsequent re-employment relationships. Other result is that workers whose previous job match terminated due to the ending of a temporary contract are very likely to come back to employment under another temporary job and have a higher probability of job termination. The exhaustion of unemployment benefits also seems to exert a scarring effect on job duration. Classification-JEL: J24, J44, J63 Keywords: job tenure, job separations, non-employment, employment. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 47-68 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/168_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:168:i:1:p:47-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V ctor M. Gim nez Garc a Author-Email: victor.gimenez@uab.eat Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Un modelo FDH para la medida de la eficiencia en costes de los departamentos universitarios Abstract: Este trabajo presenta un modelo FDH para la medida de la eficiencia en costes de los departamentos universitarios. El modelo determina el coste ptimo que deber a lograr un departamento dados sus niveles de producci n y calidad. Posteriormente, atribuye la diferencia entre el coste observado y el ptimo a cuatro fuentes de ineficiencia. La aplicaci n emp rica, realizada en los departamentos de la Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona, revela como principal fuente de ineficiencia en costes los problemas de escala. Classification-JEL: C61, H52, I21 Keywords:. Eficiencia en costes, educaci n superior, FDH, calidad universitaria, modelos frontera. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 69-92 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/168_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:168:i:1:p:69-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Angeles Garc a Vali as Author-Email: mariangv@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Eficiencia y equidad en el dise o de precios ptimos para bienes y servicios p blicos Abstract: La motivaci n fundamental de esta investigaci n ha radicado en revisar las posibilidades que manejan los entes p blicos en el dise o de instrumentos de financiaci n basados en el principio del beneficio. Numerosos bienes y servicios p blicos son suministrados a cambio de una contraprestaci n directa por parte de los usuarios. En este sentido, la estructura de estas tarifas ha de ser analizada con detalle, para intentar perfeccionar el sistema de ingresos del sector p blico (Albi et al., 2000). Las diferentes opciones han sido abordadas en funci n de su complejidad, centr ndose en el papel que tienen los criterios de eficiencia y equidad en este contexto. Igualmente, en base al trabajo seminal de Ramsey (1927), se han mostrado las conexiones existentes con la Teor a de la Imposici n ptima. Classification-JEL:. D40, D60, H20, H40. Keywords:. fijaci n de precios en el sector p blico, eficiencia, equidad. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 95-119 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/168_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:168:i:1:p:95-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. B. Atkinson Author-Workplace-Name: Nuffield College, Oxford Title: Income Tax and Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century Abstract: The first section of the paper gives a stylised account of the development of the UK income tax structure over the past 200 years, and refers to recent changes in other OECD countries. The second section turns to the distribution of income and summarises the evidence about the top of the income distribution that can be derived from the income tax data. The main results relate to the UK, but comparisons are made with similar evidence for Canada, France, the Netherlands, and the US. The third part of the paper considers the explanation of the observed changes in the distribution and the impact of progressive income taxation. How far are changes in income shares a reflection of the re-arrangement of income? How far are they associated with changes in the composition of top incomes? Conclusions about distributional incidence have to be based on modelling the determination of the personal income distribution, but such modelling is not typically treated in public finance textbooks. The fourth section of the paper considers how the analysis of distributional incidence can be developed, paying specific attention to the explanation of the upper tail of the distribution Classification-JEL: H2 Keywords:. : Income, Taxation, Income Distribution, Tax Incidence Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 123-141 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/168_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2004:v:168:i:1:p:123-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaime Alonso-Carrera Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Baltasar Manzano Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: An lisis din mico del coste de bienestar del sistema impositivo espa ol. Una exploraci n cuantitativa Abstract: En este trabajo utilizamos un modelo de equilibrio general din mico para cuantificar el coste de bienestar del sistema impositivo espa ol. Calibraremos el modelo neocl sico de crecimiento para replicar algunas caracter sticas relevantes de la econom a espa ola, poniendo especial inter s en las relativas a los tipos efectivos de gravamen del sistema impositivo. Con esta econom a calibrada, aproximaremos num ricamente cu l es el exceso de gravamen del actual sistema impositivo espa ol. Adem s, se eval an las ganancias de bienestar de diferentes reformas de este sistema impositivo, tanto aquellas neutrales en recaudaci n como aquellas de presupuesto equilibrado. Classification-JEL: E62, H20, O40. Keywords: Pol tica fiscal, equilibrio general din mico, din mica comparativa. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-31 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/167_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:167:i:4:p:9-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asunci n Arner G erre Author-Email: aarner@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Ram n Barber n Ort Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Jes s Mur Lacambra Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Las pol ticas p blicas de fomento del reciclaje: La regeneraci n de aceites usados Abstract: Los aceites usados son un residuo peligroso del que pueden derivarse graves da os medioambientales si su gesti n es inadecuada; al mismo tiempo, tienen un indudable valor econ mico, ya que conservan gran parte de los hidrocarburos que los lubricantes conten an originalmente. La gesti n de los aceites usados ofrece distintas alternativas, dirigidas principalmente al reciclaje, siendo de destacar la combusti n y la regeneraci n. Esta ltima es la que habitualmente se considera preferible desde la perspectiva ambiental y la que, por tanto, los gobiernos tratan de fomentar. Por ello, en este trabajo analizamos la eficacia de las pol ticas p blicas dirigidas al fomento de la regeneraci n de los aceites usados a partir de la estimaci n de las funciones de oferta y demanda del mercado espa ol de aceites regenerados en el per odo de 1965-1999. Classification-JEL: H23, L71, Q31, Q38. Keywords: Residuos, reciclaje, aceites usados, regeneraci n, mercados secundarios, pol ticas p blicas. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 33-55 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/167_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:167:i:4:p:33-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis J. Imedio Olmedo Author-Email: imedio@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Encarnaci n M. Parrado Gallardo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Maria Dolores Sarri n Gavil n Author-Email: dsarrion@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: C digos impositivos lineales. Su efecto sobre poblaciones heterog neas Abstract: En este trabajo se considera una poblaci n de contribuyentes heterog nea respecto de las caracter sticas que, adem s de la renta, tienen incidencia fiscal. Realizada una partici n finita de esa poblaci n en subpoblaciones homog neas, se proponen distintas definiciones de progresividad (relativa y absoluta) basadas en relaciones de dominancia, ordinaria o secuencial. Adem s se caracterizan los c digos impositivos formados por tarifas lineales con un tipo marginal com n que son progresivos de acuerdo con dichas definiciones. Classification-JEL: D31, D63, H24. Keywords: Diferencias en necesidades, dominancia ordinaria, dominancia secuencial, desigualdad relativa, desigualdad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 57-85 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/167_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:167:i:4:p:57-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Cant Author-Email: ocanto@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Coral del R o Author-Email: crio@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Carlos Grad n Author-Email: cgradin@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: La evoluci n de la pobreza est tica y din mica en Espa a en el per odo 1985-1995 Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evoluci n de la pobreza econ mica en Espa a, tanto desde una perspectiva est tica como din mica, entre mediados de los a os ochenta y mediados de los noventa, per odo todav a no suficientemente abordado en la literatura. Se muestra c mo tras un fuerte impulso inicial de reducci n de la pobreza, ste se agota y revierte en los ltimos a os. El an lisis din mico permite comprobar en qu medida se producen variaciones en los flujos de entrada y salida de la pobreza a lo largo del per odo, as como cu l fue la intensidad de los mismos. Classification-JEL: D1, D31, I32 Keywords: distribuci n de la renta, pobreza est tica, pobreza din mica, Espa a. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 87-119 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/167_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:167:i:4:p:87-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuria Badenes-Pl Author-Email: nbadenpla@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Andrew M. Jones Author-Email: amj1@york.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of York Title: Addictive goods and taxes: A survey from an economic perspective Abstract: In this paper we present an overview of the empirical evidence about the effectiveness of using taxation to influence addictive behaviour, and we address the normative question: should greater use be made of sin taxes to fund health care? First, we raise the desirability of linking health care financing and taxation of addictive goods, taking into account efficiency and equity principles. Secondly we present the approaches adopted by economists in the study of addiction and their policy implications. At the end, the empirical evidence of effectiveness of taxes is summarised. Classification-JEL: I18, H21, H23, H51. Keywords: Addiction, tobacco, alcohol, sin taxes Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 123-153 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/167_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:167:i:4:p:123-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge Bl zquez-Lidoy Author-Email: blazquezlidoy@telefonica.net Author-Workplace-Name: Servicio de Estudios BBVA Author-Name: Luciana Taft Author-Email: lucia.taft@grupobbva.com Author-Workplace-Name: Servicio de Estudios BBVA Title: La sostenibilidad de la deuda externa en econom as emergentes Abstract: En este trabajo se desarrolla un indicador de sostenibilidad de la deuda externa y se aplica a un conjunto amplio de pa ses emergentes. Los resultados del modelo te rico indican que el tipo de cambio real juega un papel fundamental para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la deuda. Cuando se aplica el modelo a las econom as emergentes se distinguen tres tipos de pa ses: los que no tienen problemas de sostenibilidad. Los pa ses que presentan problemas potenciales de sostenibilidad, pero que pueden ser solventados con un ajuste del tipo de cambio real. Y finalmente, pa ses cuya deuda es insostenible. Classification-JEL: F21, F32, F34, F41 Keywords: sostenibilidad de la deuda externa, tipo de cambio real, flujos de capital. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 157-183 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/167_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:167:i:4:p:157-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaime Vall s Gim nez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Pedro Pascual Arzoz Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Ferm n Cabas s Hita Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Title: Endeudamiento municipal y efectividad de las restricciones institucionales de disciplina crediticia (1988-2000) Abstract: El per odo de cambios normativos profundos que actualmente afecta a los ayuntamientos espa oles plantea un nuevo contexto plagado de incertidumbres y aconsejan realizar un balance del escenario en que se desenvuelve la Hacienda municipal. En concreto, el objeto de este trabajo es estudiar la situaci n financiera y crediticia de los municipios espa oles desde 1988 hasta 2000, desagregando dicho an lisis para considerar los distintos estratos de poblaci n, ya que pueden existir discrepancias relevantes asociadas a la configuraci n legal de las fuentes de ingresos y competencias de gasto que dise a la normativa nacional. En especial, dos son las cuestiones que pretendemos abordar con la presente investigaci n. Primero, sometemos a evaluaci n los preceptos que regulan el acceso de los municipios al endeudamiento y la tendencia hist rica que presentan las pol ticas de deuda de los ayuntamientos espa oles. El segundo objetivo tiene como finalidad realizar una aproximaci n econom trica al endeudamiento de los municipios espa oles a trav s de la estimaci n de un panel por estratos de poblaci n, estableciendo un conjunto de hip tesis explicativas para la deuda municipal que se someter a verificaci n emp rica, restringiendo el per odo objeto de estudio a los ejercicios para los que se dispon a de los datos de las liquidaciones presupuestarias (1988-1998). Classification-JEL : H7. Keywords:. deuda municipal, gastos de capital, l mites. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-47 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/166_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:166:i:3:p:9-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irene Perrote Author-Email: ireneperrote@uclm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Europea de Madrid Author-Name: Juan Gabriel Rodr guez Author-Email: juangabriel.rodriguez@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid Author-Name: Rafael Salas Author-Email: r.salas@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: La inequidad horizontal y la redistribuci n vertical en el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F sicas: Un an lisis de robustez Abstract: En este trabajo se descompone el efecto redistributivo del sistema fiscal en su componente vertical y horizontal por medio de la estimaci n no param trica siguiendo la metodolog a de Perrote et al. (2001) y Rodr guez y Salas (2001). La base de datos utilizada es el panel de declarantes del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas F sicas del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales para los a os 1990 a 1994. Esta metodolog a nos permite realizar un ejercicio de robustez de los resultados obtenidos con respecto a un conjunto de ndices alternativos. Adem s, estos resultados se comparan con los que se obtendr an con otras descomposiciones existentes en la literatura (Aronson et al., 1994 y Lambert y Ramos, 1997). Classification-JEL : H23, D63, D31 y C14. Keywords:. Redistribuci n vertical, Inequidad horizontal y estimaci n no param trica. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 49-60 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/166_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:166:i:3:p:49-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Ignacio S nchez-Mac as Author-Email: smacias@usal.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Salamanca Author-Name: Pedro Calero P rez Author-Email: pcalero@usal.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Salamanca Title: Regulaci n de las tarifas de acceso a las redes y liberalizaci n del sector el ctrico espa ol Abstract: El Real Decreto 1164/2001 regula con car cter general las tarifas de acceso a las redes de transporte y distribuci n de energ a el ctrica por parte de terceros, estableciendo un sistema uniforme. Un modelo econ mico estilizado permite ilustrar que con este sistema se establecen subsidios cruzados impl citos que, adem s de ser m s ineficientes que los subsidios expl citos, pueden enmascarar se ales informativas de inversi n en generaci n y ampliaci n de redes de transporte. Despu s de comparar la opci n escogida por el regulador espa ol con otras alternativas propuestas en la literatura, en el trabajo se muestra c mo con la vigente estructura de peajes y con los precios actuales del pool, no parece previsible que se vaya a producir en el segmento de consumidores de baja tensi n un volumen importante de transacciones en el mercado, al menos en el corto plazo. Classification-JEL : L51, L94, L98. Keywords:. Regulaci n, tarifas el ctricas, electricidad, tarifas de acceso, peajes de redes. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-83 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/166_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:166:i:3:p:61-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Ignacio Gobernado Rebaque Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: Un an lisis de incidencia fiscal municipal: Efectos redistributivos de los presupuestos de los ayuntamientos de Castilla y Le n Abstract: Este art culo pretende realizar una aproximaci n emp rica a la incidencia fiscal neta del presupuesto de los grandes municipios espa oles, representados por los principales ayuntamientos de Castilla y Le n, mediante el uso de un modelo de incidencia especialmente concebido para el mbito municipal. El objeto del trabajo es la determinaci n de la capacidad efectiva de los ayuntamientos para alterar la distribuci n de la renta de los individuos a trav s de sus presupuestos de ingresos y gastos. Los resultados del an lisis ponen de manifiesto que los ayuntamientos cuentan con una reducida capacidad para redistribuir renta debido fundamentalmente a sus limitaciones financieras y a la regresividad de su sistema impositivo, a pesar de la progresividad demostrada por los gastos. Classification-JEL : D31, D63, H71, H72. Keywords:. Haciendas municipales, incidencia personal, redistribuci n de la renta. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 85-111 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/166_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:166:i:3:p:85-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Manuel Gonz lez P ramo Author-Email: jmgparamo@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: Midiendo el coste marginal en bienestar de una reforma impositiva Abstract: Cu nto cuesta recaudar un euro adicional en impuestos? En otras palabras, cu l es el coste marginal de los fondos p blicos (CMF)? En los ltimos a os se ha desarrollado una vasta literatura que ha tratado de medir este precio sombra fundamental. Un problema de los trabajos en este campo es la existencia de muchas medidas alternativas de CMF. El prop sito de este art culo es revisar y clarificar el sentido en el que los diferentes conceptos pueden utilizarse. En particular, se reconcilian los dos conceptos principales de CMF, y se ofrecen c lculos ilustrativos para los pa ses de la OCDE. Classification-JEL : H20, H21, H43, D61 Keywords:. : Coste marginal de los fondos p blicos, exceso de gravamen marginal, coste marginal en bienestar, eficiencia, impuestos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 115-147 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/166_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:166:i:3:p:115-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrique Alberola Author-Email: alberola@bde.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Jos M. Gonz lez M nguez Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Pablo Hern ndez de Cos Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Author-Name: Jos M. Marqu s Author-Email: jmmc@infor.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: How cyclical do cyclically-adjusted balances remain? An EU study Abstract: Observed budget balances are an imperfect indicator of the fiscal policy stance, because fluctuations in economic activity induce automatic changes in the balance, hence the use of cyclically-adjusted balances (CAB). However, this paper shows that CABs (as measured through one of the two methods currently used by the Commission) tend to be systematically overestimated during downturns and underestimated during expansions. The dominant source of this distortion arises from the filtering of revenues deemed to be cyclical, possibly signalling a problem with the computation of elasticities. The effect of the items which are assumed not to move with the cycle is non significant, but this overall result conceals offseting effects: public investment turns to be significantly procyclical and interest payments and transfers to firms are countercyclical. Classification-JEL : H6, E6. Keywords:. cyclically adjusted balances, fiscal policy, EU. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 151-181 Issue: 3 Year: 2003 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/166_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:166:i:3:p:151-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arthur C. Brooks Author-Email: brooks.contact@maxwell.syr.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Syracuse University Title: Charitable giving to humanitarian organizations in Spain Abstract: This paper studies influences on private donations in Spain. After surveying economic theory and past empirical findings on charitable behavior, I introduce Spanish microdata from 1992 on giving to humanitarian organizations. Using binary and multinomial logit models, I probe the likelihood of giving to these organizations, as well as that of stating different reasons for not giving. I find that the variable that most strongly predicts giving is income, and that, while most respondents that do not give cite financial reasons, lack of knowledge of the charities better explains low giving among most specific demographic groups. I discuss the implications of these results for public policy and nonprofit management. Classification-JEL : L3. Keywords:. Nonprofit organizations, philanthropy, Spanish economy. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-24 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/165_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:165:i:2:p:9-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Alicia Avil s Zugasti Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Rosario G mez Garc a Author-Email: rosgomez@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: Jos S nchez Maldonado Author-Email: jsanchezm@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: Capital p blico, actividad econ mica privada y efectos desbordamiento: Un an lisis por Comunidades Aut nomas de los sectores Industria y Construcci n en Espa a Abstract: En este trabajo se presenta una valoraci n del impacto de la infraestructura p blica sobre la actividad privada espa ola en los sectores de Industria y Construcci n por CC.AA. para el per odo 1980-1993. El enfoque utilizado consiste en la estimaci n de una funci n de costes transcendental logar tmica, obteniendo resultados, entre otros, de la productividad del capital p blico y privado a corto y a largo plazo. Adem s, a diferencia de otros estudios, se considera la posible existencia de efectos desbordamiento del capital p blico entre regiones. Classification-JEL : D21, H54, O47 Keywords:. Infraestructura p blica, efectos desbordamiento, funci n de costes, productividad. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 25-51 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/165_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:165:i:2:p:25-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Sant n Gonz lez Author-Email: dsantin@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Rosa Romay L pez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: El control del gasto p blico por incapacidad temporal mediante redes neuronales Abstract: La incapacidad temporal (IT) en Espa a gener en el a o 2001 unos costes directos de cuatro mil millones de euros y unos costes indirectos aproximados de doce mil millones de euros. Los m todos actuales de control de la IT se realizan a posteriori, una vez recibida la baja laboral y principalmente sobre la base de duraciones normativas para cada enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un modelo para la gesti n de la IT con el fin de disminuir de forma racional el coste de la prestaci n por IT no justificado, por medio del control de su duraci n de manera individualizada. Para este fin se propone el uso de una herramienta flexible, las redes neuronales artificiales (RNAs), que permita predecir la duraci n de la baja laboral esperada para cada afiliado activo en funci n de determinadas variables individuales, adem s de la enfermedad, que tambi n influyen en el tiempo de baja pero que no tienen en cuenta los m todos actuales. Los resultados emp ricos de este trabajo, obtenidos para la provincia de Guadalajara durante el per odo 1995-2001, muestran c mo el modelo de RNAs permite realizar mejores predicciones individualizadas que un modelo tradicional de regresi n lineal m ltiple. Adem s, estas predicciones a priori van a permitir racionalizar el proceso de gesti n y control de la prestaci n econ mica por IT con el consiguiente ahorro de gasto p blico. Classification-JEL : H51, I18 Keywords:. Incapacidad temporal, redes neuronales artificiales, control del gasto p blico. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 53-78 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/165_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:165:i:2:p:53-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Mogas Author-Email: joan.mogas@urr.cat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Rovira i Virgili Author-Name: Pere Riera Author-Email: pere.riera@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Validaci n del experimento de elecci n en la transferencia de beneficios Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar la validez en la transferencia de beneficios de las disposiciones marginales a pagar por distintos atributos asociados a un aumento de la superficie de bosques, obtenidas a partir de una aplicaci n del experimento de elecci n. Para ello se valoran mediante el m todo de valoraci n contingente dos alternativas de aforestar una determinada superficie y se comprueba que uno de los valores puede obtenerse a partir del otro corregido por los valores marginales de los atributos estimados en el ejercicio de elecci n nuevo. Classification-JEL : Q26, Q28, Q23 Keywords:. : transferencia de beneficios, experimento de elecci n, valoraci n contingente, externalidades, econom a forestal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 79-95 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/165_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:165:i:2:p:79-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guadalupe Souto Nieves Author-Email: guadalupe.souto@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: El descuento social Abstract: En este trabajo se presenta una revisi n de las principales teor as sobre el descuento social, la preferencia temporal y el coste de oportunidad del capital, cuyos resultados emp ricos suelen arrojar diferencias significativas. Sin embargo, se muestra que no se trata de dos enfoques alternativos sino complementarios, pues la forma correcta de actualizar los flujos de un proyecto social consiste en combinarlos. Para ello es necesario disponer de estimaciones de la tasa de preferencia temporal, del coste de oportunidad del capital, del precio sombra del capital y de los efectos que el proyecto provoca sobre el consumo y la inversi n privados. El procedimiento correcto para llevar a cabo dichas estimaciones tambi n es objeto de an lisis. Classification-JEL : H43 Keywords:. coste de oportunidad, precio sombra del capital, preferencia temporal Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages:99-126 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/165_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:165:i:2:p:99-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angel de la Fuente Author-Email: angel.delafuente@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de An lisis Econ mico (CSIC) Title: El impacto de los Fondos Estructurales: Convergencia real y cohesi n interna Abstract: En este trabajo se presenta una estimaci n de la contribuci n de los Fondos Estructurales de la Uni n Europea al crecimiento del producto y el empleo del conjunto de las regiones espa olas Objetivo 1. Los resultados indican que las ayudas europeas han contribuido de forma muy significativa al acercamiento de la renta espa ola al nivel medio de la UE y han ayudado a mitigar las disparidades internas, relajando de alguna forma el trade-off entre crecimiento agregado y cohesi n territorial. La previsible p rdida de buena parte de estas ayudas en un futuro no muy lejano constituye un reto importante para el que convendr a empezar a prepararse. Classification-JEL : R58, H50, E62. Keywords:. fondos estructurales, pol tica regional, infraestructuras Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 122-129 Issue: 2 Year: 2003 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/165_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:165:i:2:p:122-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaume Garc a Author-Email: jaume.garcia@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Mar a Jos Su rez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Female labour supply and income taxation in Spain: The importance of behavioural assumptions and unobserved heterogeneity specification Abstract: We estimate four models of female labour supply using a Spanish sample of married women from 1994, taking into account the complete form of the individual s budget set. The models differ in the hypotheses relating to the presence of optimisation errors and/or the way non-workers contribute to the likelihood function. According to the results, the effects of wages and non-labour income on the labour supply of Spanish married women depend on the specification used. The model which has both preference and optimisation errors and allows for both voluntarily and involuntarily unemployed females desiring to participate seems to better fit the evidence for Spanish married women. Classification-JEL : J22 Keywords: labour supply, optimization errors, budget set. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-27 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/164_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:164:i:1:p:9-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcos Alvarez D az Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Manuel Gonz lez G mez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Modelizaci n semiparam trica y validaci n te rica del m todo de valoraci n contingente. Aplicaci n de un algoritmo gen tico Abstract: En este trabajo aplicamos una novedosa t cnica capaz de modelizar y predecir la disposici n a pagar de un visitante por mantener el actual nivel de protecci n de tres islas del Parque Nacional de las Illas Atl nticas de Galicia (en concreto, las conocidas como Islas C es). El procedimiento, denominado Algoritmo Gen tico o Evolutivo, est inspirado en la gen tica y en las teor as darwinianas de supervivencia y selecci n natural. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con las t cnicas tradicionales tanto en t rminos de porcentajes de aciertos como en t rminos de las variables finalmente seleccionadas. Classification-JEL : C14, Q26. Keywords: m todo de valoraci n contingente, validez te rica, algoritmos gen ticos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 29-47 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/164_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:164:i:1:p:29-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desiderio Romero Jord n Author-Email: desiderio.romero@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Jos F lix Sanz Sanz Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: El Impuesto sobre las Ventas Minoristas de Determinados Hidrocarburos. Una evaluaci n de sus efectos econ micos Abstract: En enero de 2002 entr en vigor en Espa a el nuevo Impuesto sobre las Ventas Minoristas de Determinados Hidrocarburos. Este impuesto, cuya recaudaci n est cedida a la Comunidades Aut nomas, se destinar fundamentalmente a la financiaci n de gastos de naturaleza sanitaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar los efectos recaudatorios, distributivos y de bienestar que genera dicha medida fiscal. Los resultados indican que el nuevo impuesto aumenta en 1,2849 por 100 la recaudaci n conjunta de IVA y accisas. Asimismo, la reforma tiene un efecto sobre la desigualdad pr cticamente despreciable, aunque reduce ligeramente el bienestar global de los hogares al generar peque os costes de eficiencia. Classification-JEL : H24, H31. Keywords: accisas, recaudaci n, bienestar, distribuci n, microsimulaci n Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 49-73 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/164_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:164:i:1:p:49-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena del Rey Author-Email: elena.delrey@udg.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Girona Title: Competition among universities: The role of preferences for research and government finance Abstract: We build on previous results to explore the effect of student mobility on university behaviour. Our results suggest that, if universities do not care for research, they do not react to increased competition when students are able to choose where to study. Further, neither do they react to the incentives provided by the government through the financing scheme. Preferences for research thus turn out to be the key element for success of policies which aim at (i) enhancing competition in the higher education sector and (ii) affecting resulting levels of education quality and research through incentives provided by the financing scheme. Classification-JEL : L3, I22. Keywords: university competition, higher education finance. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 75-80 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/164_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:164:i:1:p:75-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Rodr guez Alvarez Author-Email: ana@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Javier Su rez-Pandiello Author-Email: jspandi@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: Organizaciones burocr ticas e ineficiencia X: Una revisi n de modelos Abstract: El presente trabajo es una revisi n de los principales modelos microecon micos que han analizado el problema de la ineficiencia X en organizaciones burocr ticas. A partir del trabajo seminal de Niskanen, que parte del supuesto de que existe eficiencia productiva en las organizaciones burocr ticas, analizamos posteriores trabajos que modifican los supuestos iniciales de Niskanen con el objetivo de explicar la existencia de ineficiencia X en las agencias burocr ticas. La conclusi n a la que llegamos es que en estas organizaciones pueden existir objetivos no coherentes con la idea de eficiencia productiva. As , para cada modelo, analizamos las implicaciones que tal comportamiento tiene sobre la ineficiencia X. Classification-JEL : D21; D73; H32. Keywords: Naturaleza de la ineficiencia, ineficiencia productiva, teor a de la burocracia. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 83-107 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/164_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:164:i:1:p:83-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mar a Arrazola Author-Email: mariajesus.arrazola@uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Author-Name: Jos de Hevia Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Title: Evaluaci n econ mica de pol ticas educativas: Una ilustraci n con la Ley General de la Educaci n de 1970 Abstract: En este trabajo se trata de evaluar el impacto econ mico de las pol ticas educativas tomando como ilustraci n los cambios inducidos por la promulgaci n y posterior implementaci n de la Ley General de Educaci n de 1970. Bas ndose en la interpretaci n de la estimaci n de Variables Instrumentales sugerida en Imbens y Angrist (1994) se estima el impacto econ mico de la reforma sobre aquellos individuos cuyo nivel educativo aument gracias a dicha reforma. Classification-JEL : I21, I28, J24. Keywords: Evaluaci n de pol ticas, rendimiento de la educaci n, LATE, variables instrumentales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 111-127 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/164_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2003:v:164:i:1:p:111-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emilio Padilla Rosa Author-Email: jpasqual@selene.uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Author-Name: Joan Pascual Author-Email: fdomin@posta.unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona Title: La agregaci n de costes y beneficios en la evaluaci n de proyectos intergeneracionales: El valor actual neto multigeneracional Abstract: El presente art culo estudia la agregaci n de los costes y beneficios que recaen sobre las generaciones futuras mediante una ponderaci n que refleje las preferencias sociales al respecto. Se muestra que la ponderaci n intergeneracional social y la individual divergen si se considera una sociedad con m s de una generaci n e individuos altruistas, y que ambas son distintas al peso que implica aplicar a las generaciones futuras el descuento temporal de las generaciones presentes, como ocurre con el valor actual neto convencional. El trabajo propone la aplicaci n de una nueva metodolog a que tenga en cuenta estas preferencias: el valor actual neto multigeneracional. Finalmente, se analizan las implicaciones de la nueva metodolog a con una estructura generacional m s realista. Classification-JEL : D61, D64, H43. Keywords: ltruismo intergeneracional, an lisis coste-beneficio, descuento temporal, evaluaci n de proyectos, generaciones futuras, ponderaci n intergeneracional, valor actual neto. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-34 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/163_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:163:i:4:p:9-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F liz Dom nguez Barrero Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: R gimen fiscal de la previsi n social en la empresa: Incentivos existentes y equidad del sistema Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la fiscalidad de las instituciones de previsi n social del personal, para ver la neutralidad entre las diversas instituciones y las diversas prestaciones que ofrecen, y analizar la equidad del sistema. Para ello, se elabora previamente un modelo que permita medir la incidencia de la fiscalidad en cada una de las instituciones. En el trabajo se llega a la conclusi n de que los planes de pensiones de empleo son la instituci n fiscalmente m s incentivada y que la prestaci n en forma de renta en muchos casos tiene una fiscalidad menos gravosa que la prestaci n en forma de capital. Los planes de pensiones de empleo y los seguros colectivos de vida est n m s incentivados que las correspondientes figuras de previsi n individual. La fiscalidad de planes de pensiones y contratos de seguros colectivos sin imputaci n de primas, resulta claramente regresiva. Classification-JEL : H24, H25, J31. Keywords: Planes de pensiones, contratos de seguros, fondos internos, TIR, neutralidad, equidad. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 35-70 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/163_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:163:i:4:p:35-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Isidro Garc a de Paso Author-Email: jipaso@wanadoo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: The 1628 Castilian crydown: A test of competing theories of the price level Abstract: On August 7, 1628 the Castilian government halved overnight the nominal stock of money through the 50% crydown of its copper currency. The paper argues that this helicopter lift of money is a nice historical experiment to put to the test the empirical relevance of competing theories of the price level. The experiment shows how the post-crydown behaviour of the price level predicted by the weak form fiscal theory (the so-called Sargent-Wallace theory) matches actual data better than both the strong form fiscal theory and the quantity theory (the so-called monetarist theory). Classification-JEL : E31, E42, E63, E65, N13. Keywords: crydown, monetarist theory, weak form fiscal theory, strong form fiscal theory. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 71-92 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/163_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:163:i:4:p:71-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Cutanda Author-Email: antonio.cutanda@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: La medici n de la desigualdad a trav s de un modelo de elecci n intertemporal Abstract: Este trabajo considera el uso de informaci n individual de consumo para analizar la desigualdad en renta. Dada la presumible asociaci n entre desigualdad y el nivel de la renta permanente y los problemas asociados a su identificaci n con datos individuales de ingreso, los datos microecon micos de consumo se constituyen en una alternativa muy v lida para analizar la desigualdad y los cambios en el bienestar. De acuerdo con el modelo de la renta permanente es posible identificar las varianzas permanente y transitoria de la renta a partir de informaci n microecon mica de ambas variables. Este trabajo constituye un ejemplo de aplicaci n de esta metodolog a con la Encuesta Continua de Presupuestos Familiares (ECPF), con el objetivo de analizar la desigualdad en Espa a entre 1985 y 1995. Los resultados indican que, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otras econom as, la desigualdad se ha reducido globalmente en Espa a a lo largo de este per odo. Classification-JEL : D12, D31, D91 Keywords: Desigualdad, renta permanente, datos individuales Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 93-117 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/163_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:163:i:4:p:93-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julio L pez Laborda Author-Name: Fernando Rodrigo Sauco Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: El an lisis econ mico de las amnist as fiscales: Qu hemos aprendido hasta ahora? Abstract: En las ltimas d cadas, numerosas administraciones p blicas de todo el mundo han concedido, como parte de sus pol ticas impositivas, medidas de perd n fiscal m s o menos generales. A pesar de esta frecuente concesi n y de la controversia social que siempre les rodea, el an lisis econ mico de las amnist as fiscales se encuentra todav a en sus inicios. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de mostrar cu l es el grado de desarrollo alcanzado por esta rea de estudio, explicando los esquemas te ricos que han servido para formalizar la participaci n en una amnist a, los resultados logrados por estos desarrollos, y los hallazgos ratificados por los trabajos emp ricos. El trabajo incorpora una s ntesis valorativa que sugiere limitaciones y extensiones derivadas de la revisi n de esta l nea de investigaci n. Classification-JEL : H26 Keywords: amnist as fiscales Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 121-153 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/163_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:163:i:4:p:121-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Monasterio Escudero Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: El objetivo del trabajo es el proporcionar un marco de an lisis general para entender el proceso de descentralizaci n del Sector P blico en Espa a. Partiendo de un enfoque integrado, se estudiar tanto el modelo de financiaci n de las CC.AA. de r gimen com n como el caso foral, exponiendo sus similitudes y diferencias y viendo c mo ambos modelos han evolucionado en el tiempo. Adem s, se presenta como un sistema separado el del conjunto de recursos que financian las inversiones auton micas, aspecto ste en que no existen diferencias entre CC.AA. comunes y forales. Tras la reforma del sistema de finales de 2001 se concluye que la incidencia de la Ley General de Estabilidad Presupuestaria, que se har sentir de modo notable en el subsistema de financiaci n de las inversiones, tendr consecuencias importantes en la forma en que las Haciendas auton micas vayan a utilizar sus competencias fiscales, en una b squeda previsible de recursos corrientes que compensen el hueco dejado por el endeudamiento. Classification-JEL: H4, H6 y H7 Keywords: Descentralizaci n del Sector P blico, asignaci n impositiva entre gobiernos Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 157-187 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/163_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:163:i:4:p:157-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Corrales Author-Workplace-Name: Ministerio de Hacienda Author-Name: Juan Varela Author-Workplace-Name: Ministerio de Hacienda Author-Name: Rafael Domenech Author-Email: rafael.domenech@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: Los saldos presupuestarios c clico y estructural de la econom a espa ola Abstract: En este trabajo se propone un m todo sencillo de descomposici n del saldo presupuestario en su componente c clico y estructural que trata de ser f cilmente reproducible y poco exigente con el volumen de informaci n necesario para realizar esta descomposici n. La regla propuesta se caracteriza porque la respuesta del saldo presupuestario al ciclo econ mico depende del tama o del sector p blico. Los resultados de la descomposici n efectuada permiten concluir que la mayor parte de las variaciones en el saldo presupuestario en t rminos del PIB han sido ocasionadas por cambios discrecionales de la pol tica fiscal, que no han venido guiadas por un objetivo de estabilizaci n, y que el Pacto de Estabilidad y Crecimiento no limita la actuaci n de los estabilizadores autom ticos en una situaci n de equilibrio presupuestario a largo plazo. Classification-JEL : E32, E60. Keywords: saldo presupuestario, componente c clico y estructural, estabilizadores autom ticos, output gap. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-34 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/162_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:162:i:3:p:9-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier Cap Parrilla Author-Email: javier.capo@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Author-Name: Xisco Oliver Rull n Author-Email: xisco.oliver@uib.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Title: Evaluaci n del efecto estabilizador del presupuesto espa ol y propuestas de estabilizaci n fiscal para la Uni n Monetaria Europea Abstract: El prop sito del trabajo es aportar elementos de juicio al debate sobre la conveniencia de introducir alg n mecanismo fiscal que permita a las regiones integradas en la Uni n Monetaria Europea (UME) afrontar las perturbaciones asim tricas. Para ello, en primer lugar, hemos evaluado la funci n estabilizadora del presupuesto espa ol. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la escasa relevancia econ mica de la funci n estabilizadora del presupuesto espa ol. En segundo lugar, proponemos un mecanismo de estabilizaci n a nivel federal para la UME destinado a compensar las perturbaciones asim tricas de las regiones integradas. Por ltimo, planteamos un mecanismo de estabilizaci n a nivel regional basado en un comportamiento contrac clico de la inversi n p blica. Classification-JEL : E62, E63, F42. Keywords: pol tica fiscal, uni n monetaria, estabilizaci n y funci n aseguradora de la pol tica fiscal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 35-60 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/162_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:162:i:3:p:35-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Alejandro Cardenete Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Author-Name: Ferr n Sancho Author-Email: ferran.sancho@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: Efectos econ micos de variaciones de los impuestos indirectos sobre la econom a de Andaluc a Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es utilizar una Matriz de Contabilidad Social (MCS o SAM) regional para estudiar emp ricamente la importancia de las diferentes categor as de impuestos ligados a la producci n, el uso de factores y el consumo sobre una econom a regional, en este caso la andaluza. La metodolog a seguida sigue el conocido marco anal tico- instrumental input-output sobre un modelo SAM. Tomando esta aproximaci n, hemos captado la estructura de interdependencias existente entre los sectores productivos y hemos evaluado los pesos y elasticidades-precios de los diferentes impuestos indirectos, as como indicadores de variaciones de bienestar de los consumidores. El modelo se implementa num ricamente empleando la SAMAND95 (Matriz de Contabilidad Social de Andaluc a para el a o 1995) construida por uno de los autores. Classification-JEL : C68, D58, R13, R15. Keywords: matriz de contabilidad social, an lisis input-output, equilibrio general aplicado, impuestos indirectos, Seguridad Social. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 61-78 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/162_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:162:i:3:p:61-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Lago Pe as Author-Email: slagop@uvi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Nivelaci n interterritorial e ineficiencia de las decisiones presupuestarias: reflexiones para el caso espa ol Abstract: En este trabajo se estudian los efectos negativos de los esquemas de nivelaci n horizontal sobre la eficiencia en las elecciones fiscales de los gobiernos regionales. Partiendo de unos resultados te ricos b sicos, se examinan los aspectos din micos del problema, se ofrece alguna evidencia emp rica para el caso espa ol y se presenta una soluci n que combina los criterios de eficiencia y equidad. La conclusi n principal es que la incidencia de los desincentivos se puede reducir de forma significativa, sin renunciar a un nivel de equidad elevado. Desde este punto de vista, se analiza la ltima reforma del sistema de financiaci n de las Comunidades Aut nomas y se alude a la discusi n te rica sobre los mejores indicadores de capacidad fiscal de una regi n y sus implicaciones para el caso espa ol. Classification-JEL : H73, H77. Keywords: nivelaci n horizontal, Comunidades Aut nomas, decisiones fiscales, incentivos negativos, crecimiento econ mico regional Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 79-100 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/162_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:162:i:3:p:79-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Ayala Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Author-Name: Mercedes Sastre Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: La medici n de la movilidad de ingresos: enfoques e indicadores Abstract: Este art culo trata de sistematizar las diferentes opciones disponibles para la medici n de la movilidad de ingresos. En un primer apartado se introduce dicho concepto, con una especial atenci n a las diferencias y relaciones con la desigualdad y el crecimiento econ mico. Posteriormente, se analizan los diversos enfoques e indicadores. Se examinan tambi n los diferentes procesos que determinan la estructura de la movilidad, con un an lisis de las propuestas de descomposici n que distinguen el triple componente de crecimiento, cambios en la desigualdad y reordenaciones. Finalmente, se analizan las posibilidades que ofrecen los ejercicios de descomposici n utilizados en el estudio de la desigualdad para identificar los grupos de poblaci n y las fuentes de ingresos con mayor movilidad. Classification-JEL : D31, D63, J60. Keywords: movilidad de ingresos, distribuci n de la renta, desigualdad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 101-131 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/162_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:162:i:3:p:101-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleix Calveras Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de les Illes Balears Author-Name: Juan Jos Ganuza Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Esther Hauk Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Title: Las bajas temerarias en las subastas de obras publicas. Un an lisis de la regulaci n espa ola Abstract: En este trabajo analizamos la normativa espa ola concerniente al problema de las bajas temerarias en las subastas de obras publicas, tomando como marco de referencia un modelo te rico desarrollado en Calveras, Ganuza y Hauk (2001). Despu s de exponer este modelo de bajas temerarias (basado en la propensi n de las empresas en una mala situaci n financiera a ofertar agresivamente), y discutir varios aspectos de la normativa espa ola (el sistema existente de clasificaci n de las empresas constructoras, el requisito a las empresas adjudicatarias de depositar una garant a, y el mecanismo de detecci n de las bajas temerarias), realizamos un breve an lisis comparado de la regulaci n estadounidense y europea. Classification-JEL : L51, H57, D44. Keywords: adjudicaci n de contratos, bajas temerarias, responsabilidad limitada, quiebra. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 135-153 Issue: 2 Year: 2002 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/162_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:161:i:2:p:135-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Gil Author-Email: joangil@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat de Barcelona Author-Name: Eduard Gracia Author-Workplace-Name: Deloitte Consulting (USA) Title: A comparison of the USA health care effort with other OECD countries Abstract: We use a sample of OECD countries in order to better understand why the US health care expenditure as a percentage of its Gross Domestic Product ( health care effort ) is so far above any other. To this end we employ a descriptive cross-country methodology based partially on econometric estimations, synthetic indicators and the Lerner's formula of market power, that allows us to dismiss as explanatory variables all those factors that were not differential across the sample. We advance the exploratory hypothesis that the availability of a universal public health coverage would increase the price elasticity of demand and thus would reduce the control of prices by the suppliers. Classification-JEL : H51, I18. Keywords: US health care spending, cross-country health care comparisons, price discipline. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 31-48 Issue: 2 Year: 2002 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/161_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:161:i:2:p:31-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pilar Abad Romero Author-Email: pabad@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Eva Rodr guez M guez Author-Email: emiguez@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Caracter sticas socioecon micas y estructura de los hogares de las personas mayores en Espa a Abstract: Este trabajo estudia la situaci n de la Tercera Edad en Espa a en 1980 y 1990 mediante el an lisis de los hogares en los que viven una o m s personas mayores. Se investiga, tanto desde un punto de vista descriptivo como en t rminos de probabilidad estimada, la relaci n existente entre que los mayores vivan solos o con individuos de otros grupos de poblaci n, y sus caracter sticas personales y de las del hogar en el que residen. Dadas la fuertes diferencias encontradas, los resultados obtenidos permiten sugerir programas de ayudas sociales diferentes, dependiendo del tipo de convivencia de la persona mayor. Classification-JEL : J14, C25. Keywords: tercera edad, condiciones socioecon micas, tipo de convivencia, modelos logit, EPF. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 49-68 Issue: 2 Year: 2002 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/161_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:161:i:2:p:49-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Luis S ez Lozano Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: Econom a y pol tica en la duraci n de los Gobiernos: El caso de Espa a (1977-2001) Abstract: Desde que en 1896 Lowell publicara un estudio que revisaba la relaci n entre el poder ejecutivo y los partidos en Europa, han ido apareciendo m ltiples trabajos que analizan la permanencia de los gobiernos en el poder. Fue en la d cada de los noventa, cuando los investigadores comenzaron a utilizar los modelos de duraci n, con el fin de identificar los factores que determinan la supervivencia de los gabinetes. En este art culo planteamos un esquema flexible para analizar la duraci n de los gobiernos democr ticos, que consta de una funci n no param trica y un an lisis param trico de forma condicional. Adem s, incorporamos dos variables macroecon micas (las tasas de variaci n subyacente de la inflaci n y el desempleo), adem s del super vit/d ficit de popularidad, como factores explicativos que condicionan la longevidad de los ejecutivos. Uno de los retos que nos planteamos en este estudio es analizar el impacto de las variables objetivo de pol tica macroecon mica (inflaci n y desempleo) en la duraci n de los gobiernos de la Transici n y la Democracia (TyD), y compararlo con la influencia del super vit/d ficit de popularidad, los rasgos del ejecutivo, las caracter sticas del sistema pol tico y, los eventos, hechos y acontecimientos. De las estimaciones realizadas concluimos que la variable m s determinante ha sido el estatus de mayor a. Por el contrario, la inflaci n y el desempleo, aun siendo factores significativos, no han sido tan relevantes. Classification-JEL : C42, H89. Keywords: Econom a pol tica, gobierno, duraci n, popularidad, eventos, atributos, partidos. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 69-98 Issue: 2 Year: 2002 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/161_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:161:i:2:p:69-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillem L pez-Casasnovas Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Berta Rivera Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de A Coru a Title: Las pol ticas de equidad en salud y las relaciones entre renta y salud Abstract: El an lisis de las desigualdades en salud plantea dificultades conceptuales a la hora de traducirse en pol ticas de equidad en la asignaci n de los recursos sanitarios. En este trabajo se analiza la evidencia emp rica que estudia los determinantes de la salud de las poblaciones y en especial de sus relaciones con la renta , a efectos de la potencial articulaci n de pol ticas de equidad en salud. Se tratan los principales problemas metodol gicos asociados al uso de diferentes factores de priorizaci n, del nivel de agregaci n empleado de las variables empleadas y de la relaci n de causalidad existente entre ellas. Asimismo, se realizan algunas reflexiones finales sobre la necesidad de redefinir la agenda de investigaci n para mejorar las definiciones de las pol ticas de equidad en salud. Classification-JEL : D31, I31, H51, I18. Keywords: distribuci n de renta, equidad, gasto sanitario, intervenci n p blica. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 99-126 Issue: 2 Year: 2002 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/161_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:161:i:2:p:99-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jes s Saurina salas Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: Solvencia bancaria, riesgo de cr dito y regulaci n p blica: El caso de la provisi n estad stica espa ola Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar el funcionamiento de la provisi n estad stica para insolvencias, recientemente creada por el Banco de Espa a, y su utilidad como instrumento para una adecuada regulaci n p blica de las entidades de dep sito. Se justifican las razones por las que se ha implantado esta provisi n en Espa a y el inter s que puede tener para atemperar el impacto que los ciclos financieros tienen sobre el ciclo real de la econom a as como su relevancia en el marco del nuevo Acuerdo de Capital de Basilea. Classification-JEL : G18, G21. Keywords: regulaci n bancaria, riesgo de cr dito, provisi n estad stica, solvencia bancaria. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 129-150 Issue: 2 Year: 2002 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/161_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:161:i:2:p:129-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: FRANCISCO DE CASTRO Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a y Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: PABLO HERN NDEZ DE COS Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de Espa a Title: On the sustainability of the Spanish public budget performance Abstract: In this paper, we address the issue of whether the current fiscal policy in Spain is sustainable. For this purpose we apply traditional empirical tests of fiscal sustainability proposed in the literature and, in addition, we introduce a deeper univariate analysis of the series involved. Our results show that a structural break seems to have taken place gradually in the Spanish budget performance, allowing to verifying the intertemporal borrowing constraint in a strong sense , which means that no problems in marketing public debt are expected to arise if fiscal variables follow the pattern of the past in the future. Classification-JEL : E60, F41, Keywords: : Sustainability, cointegration, structural breaks, intertemporal borrowing constraint. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 9-28 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:9-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LUIS JOS IMEDIO OLMEDO Author-Email: imedio@uma.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Author-Name: ELENA B RCENA MART N Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de M laga Title: C digos impositivos, desigualdad y bienestar Abstract: En este art culo, a partir de la descomposici n del ndice de Gini, se analiza el efecto que tiene la aplicaci n de un c digo impositivo sobre los niveles de desigualdad y de bienestar, en una poblaci n de la que se considera una partici n en subpoblaciones homog neas respecto a un conjunto de caracter sticas, distintas de la renta, que tienen incidencia fiscal. Classification-JEL : D63. Keywords: c digo impositivo, desigualdad, bienestar. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 29-46 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:29-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: NURIA BOSCH Author-Email: nbosch@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: MARTA ESPASA Author-Email: mespasa@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: PILAR SORRIBAS Author-Workplace-Name: Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB) Title: La capacidad redistributiva y estabilizadora del presupuesto del gobierno central espa ol Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar los efectos redistributivo y estabilizador/asegurador del presupuesto de la Administraci n P blica Central espa ola en el per odo 1991-1996 a nivel regional. Este an lisis se lleva a cabo para el conjunto del presupuesto a trav s de los saldos fiscales regionales y, separadamente, para el conjunto de ingresos y gastos y sus principales categor as. La metodolog a empleada es un modelo econom trico de datos de panel. La principal conclusi n es que el presupuesto tiene m s poder redistributivo que estabilizador, presentando en ambos casos un mayor poder los gastos que los ingresos. Classification-JEL : E62, H11, H23 Keywords: flujos fiscales, redistribuci n y estabilizaci n regional Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 47-76 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:47-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuria Alcalde Fradejas Author-Email: nuria.alcalde@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Jaime Vall s Gim nez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: El mercado financiero y el racionamiento del cr dito. Estudio del caso de los gobiernos regionales en Espa a Abstract: En los ltimos a os se ha suscitado un interesante debate sobre la forma m s efectiva de restringir las pol ticas fiscales que suponen un comportamiento crediticio irresponsable en el seno de la Uni n Econ mica y Monetaria. En este sentido, se ha argumentado que los mercados financieros pueden jugar un papel importante en el control de los gobiernos p blicos con pautas de deuda poco austeras. Un aspecto relevante de la hip tesis de disciplina del mercado es que supone una relaci n no lineal entre la prima de riesgo soportada por cada gobierno subcentral y el nivel de su stock de deuda. En nuestro trabajo, y usando informaci n para los gobiernos regionales espa oles, se realiza una estimaci n econom trica que arroja resultados en l nea con la hip tesis de disciplina del mercado. Classification-JEL : H3, G1. Keywords: control del endeudamiento, disciplina fiscal, mercado financiero, racionamiento crediticio Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 77-102 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:77-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuria Badenes Pl Author-Email: nbadenpla@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid e Instituto de Estudios fiscales Author-Name: Julio L pez Laborda Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: Efectos sobre la renta disponible y el bienestar de la deducci n en el IRPF por rentas ganadas Abstract: La reciente reforma del IRPF ha operado un cambio significativo en el r gimen fiscal de las rentas del trabajo personal. Si con anterioridad estas rentas disfrutaban de una reducci n en la base y de una deducci n en la cuota del Impuesto, desde 1999 los beneficios fiscales se han subsumido en una nueva reducci n en la base. En este trabajo se valoran los efectos de estos dos instrumentos reducciones y deducciones sobre la renta disponible y el bienestar de los individuos, siguiendo la metodolog a de Browning (1995) y utilizando una muestra de declarantes del IRPF extra da del Panel del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. El trabajo pone de manifiesto que aspectos como la estructura impositiva, la distribuci n de la renta y el comportamiento de los individuos condicionan en gran medida los resultados alcanzados y, por tal motivo, deben ser considerados cuidadosamente a la hora de dise ar beneficios fiscales por la obtenci n de rentas ganadas. Classification-JEL : H21, H24, H31. Keywords: IRPF, rentas del trabajo, reducciones, deducciones, renta disponible, bienestar. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 103-120 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:103-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Prieto Rodr guez Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales y Universidad de Oviedo Author-Name: Santiago Alvarez Garc a Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales y Universidad de Oviedo Title: Incidencia de la reforma del IRPF sobre la oferta laboral y el bienestar de la familia espa ola Abstract: En este trabajo se analizan los efectos de la Reforma del Impuesto sobre la renta efectuada en Espa a en 1999 sobre la oferta de trabajo de las unidades familiares. En primer lugar se presenta el marco fiscal de las familias antes de la reforma del IRPF de 1999 y la situaci n impositiva de los hogares espa oles despu s de dicha reforma. En segundo lugar, partiendo de la estimaci n de una ecuaci n de oferta laboral de los matrimonios, en la que se tienen en cuenta los efectos cruzados de los salarios y los diferentes tipos de renta de ambos c nyuges, se estudian los efectos de la Reforma sobre el bienestar por medio del c lculo de la variaci n equivalente asociada a la misma. Estas estimaciones se han realizado a partir de los datos del PHOGUE 94. Los resultados permiten inferir unas ganancias de bienestar ligeramente superiores para las mujeres que para los hombres, con independencia de la situaci n laboral de ambos. Analizando las ganancias de bienestar por hogares, las mayores ganancias se detectan en los de rentas medias y medias altas y, para cada uno de estos grupos de renta, son mayores a medida que aumenta el n mero de hijos. Classification-JEL : H24, H31, J22. Keywords: Impuesto sobre la renta, oferta de trabajo, variaci n equivalente. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 121-146 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:121-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amedeo Spadaro Author-Workplace-Name: DELTA, Par s y Universitat de les Illes Balears Title: Redistribuci n e incentivos a la oferta de trabajo: Desarrollos recientes de la teor a de la imposici n ptima sobre la renta Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 147-173 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:147-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xavier Labandeira Villot Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Vigo Author-Name: ngel L pez Nicol s Author-Workplace-Name: Universitat Pompeu Fabra Title: La imposici n de los carburantes de automoci n en Espa a: Algunas observaciones te ricas y emp ricas Abstract: Este art culo analiza la fiscalidad de los carburantes de uso privado en Espa a, con un an lisis de su fundamentaci n te rica y un estudio comparado de dise o y niveles. Asimismo, se estima un sistema de demanda de carburantes de automoci n con datos de la Encuesta Continua de Presupuestos Familiares, lo que permite la microsimulaci n de distintas reformas fiscales. En particular, se eval an y valoran los efectos del nuevo impuesto sobre las ventas minoristas de hidrocarburos y de la aplicaci n en Espa a de la propuesta comunitaria de armonizaci n de accisas energ ticas. Classification-JEL : H23, H31, Q30. Keywords: imposici n, hidrocarburos, externalidades, Espa a. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Pages: 177-210 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/160_Art8.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2002:v:160:i:1:p:177-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pilar Berd n Ch liz Author-Email: pberdun@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: EL FOMENTO DE LA PRODUCCI N NACIONAL A TRAV S DEL GASTO P BLICO EN LA ESPA A DE LA RESTAURACI N 1875-1914 Abstract: This article analyse the public intervention during the period of the Spanish Restoration, in particular the economic expenditures destinated to the stimulation and protection of the national production. The principal aim is to evaluate the development of the economic legislation related to the promotion of the spanish production through the budget expenditure. This anlysis gets two quite clear results. Firstly, the policy of direct promotion was desinged in Spain in a similar way than in the more important countries of Europe. After several frustated tries, this policy becomes a reality in the legislation from 1909. Secondly, this legislation did not have enough support in the Budget due to penury and rigidity of the Finance. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Bustos Gisbert Author-Email: abustosgisbert@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Francisco Pedraja Chaparro Author-Email: pedraja@unex.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Extremadura Title: DOBLE IMPOSICI N, "EFECTO CLIENTELA" Y AVERSI N AL RIESGO Abstract: This paper is aimed at studying robustness in the so-called clientele effect. After having developed the basic characteristics of the global analysis, two different elements which have effects on tax policy are analysed. On one hand, we assume that business saving produces a gain, but in this case, the shareholder obtains an income about which there is no certainty because there is some risk. On the other hand, we have changed the assumption according to which the stock market reflects the theoretical value of shares; in this sense we take for granted that appreciation of companies assets in the equities market reflect a specific mixture of the theoretical and the resulting value from capitalising distributed profits. Classification-JEL : H2, D8, G3. Keywords: Clientele effect, risk aversion, double taxation. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Casas Pardo Author-Email: jose.casas@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Juan de Dios Montoro Pons Author-Email: juan.d.montoro@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Jos Casas Pardo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: COORDINACI N Y B SQUEDA DE NORMAS: UN ENFOQUE DESDE LA TEOR A DE LA ELECCI N P BLICA Abstract: The present paper analyzes competitive coordination games from a public choice approach. In these, agents may engage in a rent-seeking competition for norms, which redefines property rights and has redistributive effects. For a binary population, the work shows that rent dissipation will depend on the asymmetry of the payoffs, the returns of the rent-seeking activities and on the population distribution. The main conclusion is that, under plausible conditions, the rent dissipation will not be perfect. Classification-JEL : D72 Keywords: rent-seeking, coordination games, welfare losses, collective action. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Manuel Casta er Carrasco Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Jorge Onrubia Fern ndez Author-Email: jorge.onrubia@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid- Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Author-Name: Raquel Paredes G mez Author-Email: rparedes@emp.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid- Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Title: EFECTOS DISTRIBUTIVOS Y SOBRE EL BIENESTAR SOCIAL DE LA REFORMA DEL IRPF Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyse the implications of recently spanish personal income tax (IRPF) reform for the distribution of personal income, and additionally to provide a comparative evaluation in terms of social welfare of both taxes. Empirical analyses is performed by a simulation exercise, employing the microdata contained in the Institute for Fiscal Studies IRPF Panel of Taxpayers. Classification-JEL : D31, D63, H23, H24 Keywords: personal income tax, tax reform, income redistribution, social welfare Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F lix Dom nguez Barrero Author-Email: fdomin@posta.unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Julio L pez Laborda Author-Email: julio.lopez@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: UNA METODOLOG A PARA LA UTILIZACI N PTIMA DE LOS INCENTIVOS POR ADQUISICI N DE VIVIENDA HABITUAL EN EL IRPF Abstract: I In this paper we develop a methodology to find out how to optimize the use of the three incentives to owner-occupied housing in the income tax : tax credit for the saving invested in a bank account, assigned to the future adquisition of the home, for cash payment or borrowing. The criterion we use is the maximization of the net profit gained by the buyer, that is estimated as the difference between the profit gained through the tax credit and the financial cost generated, if is the case, from the anticipation or the postponement of the investement, related to the moment of the purchase. With this methodology we find out a negative relation beween the maximum profit allowed by the law and the income of the buyer of the home, wich shows the progressivity of the incentives policy for owner-occupied housing trough the income tax. Classification-JEL : H24, H31. Keywords: Income tax, owner-occupied housing, tax credit. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angelina L zaro Alqu zar Author-Email: alazaro@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Ram n Barber n Ort Author-Email: barberan@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: LA ECONOM A DE LA PREFERENCIA TEMPORAL INDIVIDUAL. JUSTIFICACIONES TE RICAS Y RESULTADOS EMP RICOS Abstract: Individual behaviour with respect to time has received the attention of economists since the beginnings of the nineteenth century and, against this background, the aim of this work is to review the literature on the economics of time preference from both the theoretical and applied points of view. The study covers the period from the origins of how the problem was first considered until the present day and has been organised around a chronological and functional scheme. We differentiate two stages in the development of the theoretical literature, namely the descriptive or intuitive economics of time preference and the operative or rational economics. Special attention is paid to a review of the most recent empirical studies, which are little known to economists. In this regard, the work goes beyond that which has been accomplished by the literature under review, both with respect to the systemisation of the anomalies of the discounted utility model and in the pairing of empirical regularities with the axioms of that model. The patterns of behaviour obtained contradict the normative requirements of orthodox economic theory and, surprisingly, demonstrate that individual behaviour is closer to the interpretations offered by the early economists. Thus, the validity of the conventional model used to represent the inter-temporal time preferences of individuals is questioned, thereby making clear the need for economists to dedicate greater efforts to the search for alternatives. Key words: Classification-JEL : D91, D61. Keywords: Time preference, Discount rate, Discounted utility model, Anomalies. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Soledad Otero Gir ldez Author-Email: sotero@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Carlos Grad n Lago Author-Email: cgradin@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: SEGREGACI N OCUPACIONAL EN ESPA A, UNA PERSPECTIVA TERRITORIAL Abstract: In this paper we analyze the trend of the occupational segregation by sex in Spain in recent years, centering our discussion particularly in the degree of territorial homogeneity. We conclude that in Spain there has been an increase in segregation, with a clear persistence in the different autonomous regions. They show important differences in the form of female insertion in the labor market due to divergences in their economic activities. Classification-JEL : J16, J21, J71 Keywords: Occupational segregation, job, gender, autonomous regions Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desiderio Romero Jord n Author-Email: desiderio.romero@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales y Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Author-Name: Jos F lix Sanz Sanz Author-Email: jfelizs@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales y Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: IMPOSICI N MARGINAL EFECTIVA SOBRE EL FACTOR TRABAJO: BREVE NOTA METODOL GICA Y COMPARACI N INTERNACIONAL Abstract: The aim of this paper is to compare, at an international level, the average tax liabilities on the use of labour as a production factor among a bunch of OECD country members. The methodology is that of marginal effective tax rates. Results on Great Britain, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Japan, United States and Spain are reported for period 1981-1998. Classification-JEL : H21, H24, H25 Keywords: marginal effective taxation, labour supply Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art8.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Sant n Gonz lez Author-Email: dsantin@ccee.ucm.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: LA NECESIDAD DE GASTO EN EDUCACI N NO UNIVERSITARIA EN LAS COMUNIDADES AUT NOMAS: EXISTE IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES EDUCATIVAS? Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to analyse if differences in non-university expenditure per student in Spanish regions are due to a higher necessity of resources for some of them. We have used principal component analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling to construct an indicator that allow us to compare the necessity of financial resources per groups of regions. Contrary to expectations, regions with higher necessity of resources show lower expenditure per pupil. This implies that if this trend continues, educational achievement and future income of a Spanish student could be closely bound with the geographic point of residence, all else equal. Classification-JEL : H52, I21, I22. Keywords: non-university expenditure per pupil; equality of opportunity; Spanish regions. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art9.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guadalupe Souto Nieves Author-Email: Guadalupe.souto@uab.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Barcelona Title: LOS PRECIOS SOMBRA EN ESPA A A PARTIR DEL AN LISIS INPUT-OUTPUT Abstract: This paper presents the description of a methodology based on input-output analysis which permits the estimation of the shadow prices for goods and resources in an economy. Application for Spain is presented as well. The results show that in general shadow prices are different from market prices, and this implies the direct use of the later in social analysis is not valid. Finally, a theoretical proposal to include external effects of production in the initial model is presented. Classification-JEL : B41, D61, E61, E62 Keywords: social project appraisal, shadow prices, input-output analysis, spillovers Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 4 Year: 2001 Month: December File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/159_Art10.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:159:i:4:a:38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Angeles Caraballo Pou Author-Email: mcaraba@us.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Sevilla Author-Name: Carlos Usabiaga Ib ez Author-Email: cusaiba@upo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Title: LA RELACI N ENTRE EL GASTO P BLICO Y LOS MULTIPLICADORES DE LA POL TICA FISCAL BAJO COMPETENCIA MONOPOL STICA Abstract: In this work we analyse the effects on fiscal policy effectiveness of different hypotheses on the perception of public expenditure by consumers in a double monopolistic competition framework. More precisely we study how the different specifications considered affect the values of fiscal policy multipliers and especially the balanced budget multiplier-, the level of aggregate demand and the relation between the degree of monopoly power and fiscal policy effectiveness. In general we conclude that the different specifications studied affect considerably the results of this kind of models. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Microfundamentos, Competencia Monopol stica, Gasto P blico, Multiplicadores de la Pol tica Fiscal Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Gonz lez G mez Author-Workplace-Name: Philippe Polom Author-Name: Albino Prada Blanco, Albino Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: SESGOS SOBRE LA INFORMACI N OBTENIDA Y LA ESTIMACI N DE BENEFICIOS EN ENTREVISTAS A VISITANTES DE UN ESPACIO NATURAL ABSTRACT In this paper we analyse and adjust the biases derived from using an on-site sample to infer to a population of users. The biases are important as regards the description of the socioeconomic profile of the user and the expected demand for trips. However, they are not significant as regards welfare inference, neither using the travel cost method in its zone version, nor using the contingent valuation method in its single-bounded version. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Natural areas, Travel cast method, on-site sample. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Lago Pe as Author-Email: slagop@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: Redistribuci n y Estabilizaci n Macroecon mica en las Regiones Espa olas: 1967-1993. Abstract: In this paper the impact of the transfers and fiscal systems on spatial redistribution and stabilization of the regional productive systems is analysed. With data for the Autonomous Communities and the period 1967-1993, I verify that first-type effects are very important. On the other hand, the relevance of second-type effects is not the same for all instruments. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Redistribution, macroeconomic stabilization, fiscal imbalance, spanish regional economies. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art3.pdf File-Format: Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorge V. P rez Rodr guez Author-Email: jvperez@dmc.ulpgc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Author-Name: Francisco J. Ledesma Rodr guez Author-Email: fledesma@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Manuel Navarro Ib ez Author-Email: mnavarro@ull.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Laguna Author-Name: Sim n Sosvilla-Rivero Author-Email: sosvilla@fedea.es Author-Workplace-Name: FEDEA - Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: EXPECTATIVAS, APRENDIZAJE Y CREDIBILIDAD DE LA POL TICA MONETARIA EN ESPA A Abstract: In this paper we assess the credibility of Bank of Spain s monetary and interest rate announcements as perceived by the agents. Firstly, we analyze the convergence between the objectives of monetary policy and the evolution of the monetary aggregate and the market interest rates. Secondly, we estimate an index of credibility that recognizes the presence of regime changes from the 1979-1998 period. The results point out the convergence between announcements and market variables. Moreover the marginal credibility increased in the sample period for most of the interest rates studied. Classification-JEL : C22, D83, D84. Keywords: Monetary policy, credibility, expectations, learning Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaime Puig Junoy Author-Email: jaume.puig@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Title: LOS MECANISMOS DE COPAGO EN SERVICIOS SANITARIOS: CU NDO, C MO Y POR QU Abstract: The object of this paper is to present the main conclusions and recommendations from economic theory and applied economics in order to guide the introduction of copayments in health services. Specific objectives are designed to answer to three questions. First, what is the magnitude of expected efficiency improvement and what are the conditions under which it can be obtained?. Second, what are the effects of introducing copayments on financing, utilisation and equity of health services?. And third, what we know about the widespread use of copayments on pharmaceutical products in the international context? Classification-JEL : Keywords: copayment, moral hazard, health services, drugs. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berta Rivera Casti eira Author-Email: berta@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de La Coru a Title: EL GASTO SANITARIO P BLICO EN ESPA A Y SU CONTRIBUCI N A LOS NIVELES DE SALUD Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD Abstract: This paper analyzes the effect of public health spending on productivity and its influence on the individual health-status. From a descriptive approximation the results suggest that health resources are positively associated with the population health-status measured by subjective indicators. We then develop an extension of the Solow model, which includes current and capital health spending. The estimations use a regional panel data and suggest that current health spending has consistently effects, while investment in health care has no effect on productivity. Classification-JEL : N10, J24, I10 Keywords: Health-status, public health spending, productivity. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desiderio Romero Jord n Author-Email: desiderio.romero@urjc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Author-Name: Jes s Ruiz-Huerta Carbonell Author-Email: Jesus.ruizh@ief.meh.es Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales - Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Title: CR DITO FISCAL, COSTES FINANCIEROS E INVERSI N EMPRESARIAL: EVIDENCIA PARA ESPA A CON UN PANEL DE MICRODATOS TRIBUTARIOS Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse the effectiveness of investment tax credit in the Spanish Corporate Tax. For this purpose, we estimate a dynamic investment model based on investment Euler equation where investment and financing decisions are simultaneous. We have found that tax credit is not very effective when dealing with small firms. Classification-JEL : G31, G32, H25, H32, L60 Keywords: investment, corporate tax, tax credit, cash-flow. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i:3:a:27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pablo S nchez Le n Author-Email: lsanchez@eco.uc3m.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Aut noma de Madrid Title: "... CON EL NOMBRE DE VINO". ALCOHOLES, FISCALIDAD Y SALUD P BLICA EN EL MADRID DEL SIGLO XIX Abstract: This article focuses on the definition of wine as a commodity and as an object of fiscal policy in Madrid during the XIXth century. Against the assumption of neoinstitutional perspectives, for which the definition of a product -being a parcel of property rights- has positive effects by itself over the supply and demand, it is argued in this text that the conditions under which the definition of property rights takes place have deep effects over the influence of property rights on market expansion. In a first part, changes in the commercial sector of alcohol industry in Madrid are analyzed up to the middle of the century. This is followed by the description of the development of an innovative municipal institution established at the beginning of the Restauraci n combining both public health control and attempts to define wine quality. The last part analyzes the process of definition of wine for consumption in the aftermath of late-century changes in the political economy of the alcohol trade, showing that the organizational and institutional context neutralized its potential effects over the demand and made even more difficult the enforcement of fraud regulations. Classification-JEL : Keywords: wine alcohol, consumption, public funds, public health, political economy, Madrid, XIXth Century, public goods, institutional innovation, property rights. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 3 Year: 2001 Month: September File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/158_Art8.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:158:i::a:28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicente Esteve Garc a Author-Email: vicente.esteve@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Author-Name: Juan Sapena Bolufer Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Polit cnica de Valencia Author-Name: Cecilio R. Tamarit Escalona Author-Email: cecilio.tamarit@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valencia Title: PROPIEDADES C CLICAS Y CAMBIOS ESTRUCTURALES EN LAS SERIES FISCALES MACROECON MICAS DE LA ECONOM A ESPA OLA Abstract: En este trabajo se estudian las propiedades c clicas de las variables fiscales macroecon micas de la econom a espa ola utilizando la metodolog a de los "hechos estilizados" de los ciclos econ micos. Adem s, se intenta clasificar los distintos cambios de r gimen de la pol tica fiscal espa ola, utilizando recientes contrastes econom tricos capaces de captar la existencia de cambios estructurales y detectar end genamente el posible punto en que se producen. Classification-JEL : E3, E6, H3, H6. Keywords: finanzas, ciclo econ mico, propiedades c clicas, cambios estructurales Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Carlos Gamazo Chill n Author-Email: gamazo@der.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Author-Name: Mar a Luisa Albillos Fern ndez Author-Email: albillos@der.uva.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid Title: POL TICAS DE DISUASI N PTIMA EN LA EVASI N FISCAL. CONTRASTACI N EMP RICA Abstract: Los trabajos precedentes sobre disuasi n ptima de la evasi n fiscal tratan sobre los efectos que en la decisi n de evadir puedan tener las actuaciones de la Administraci n Tributaria hasta el momento de la detecci n y suponen, con mucha frecuencia, que toda evasi n detectada resulta sancionada. No se aborda, por tanto, el estudio de las consecuencias que sobre la efectividad de las sanciones y sobre el nivel de evasi n fiscal origina el proceso administrativo y jurisdiccional que puede tener lugar tras la detecci n. En este papel sugerimos que en el an lisis y en la pol tica disuasoria de la evasi n fiscal se precisa una inserci n adecuada del sistema jur dico. S lo con esta inclusi n podremos identificar los incentivos establecidos por el sistema jur dico en la motivaci n de las distintas conductas de los contribuyentes y, en su caso, sugerir las correcciones que procedan. Classification-JEL : H-26, K-41 y K-34 Keywords: evasi n fiscal, pol ticas de disuasi n, incentivos del sistema jur dico, litigaci n Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago Lago Pe as Author-Email: easlago@usc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Title: LA DIN MICA DE LOS GASTOS DE CAPITAL EN LAS COMUNIDADES AUT NOMAS: UN AN LISIS DE SUS DETERMINANTES Abstract: En el presente trabajo se analizan los factores determinantes de los gastos de capital de las Comunidades Aut nomas (CCAA) en el per odo 1984-1996. Tras una descripci n de los principales rasgos que definen su din mica, procedemos a analizar la importancia relativa de las distintas fuentes de financiaci n y la existencia de preferencias dispares entre las CCAA sobre el reparto de fondos disponibles entre consumo e inversi n p blica. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Gastos de capital, Haciendas Auton micas, Financiaci n auton mica. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art3.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jabier Mart nez L pez Author-Email: jm@bl.ehu.es Author-Workplace-Name: Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Title: UNA PANOR MICA DE LOS ESTUDIOS DE INCIDENCIA EN ESPA A Abstract: En este trabajo se analiza el concepto de incidencia y se revisan las mediciones emp ricas que se han realizado en Espa a de la incidencia de los diferentes impuestos. En general estos resultados emp ricos muestran una coincidencia notable que, en muchos casos, puede deberse a que m s que estimar propiamente la incidencia la suponen ex ante. Classification-JEL : H22, D63. Keywords: incidencia distributiva, impuestos, redistribuci n, Espa a. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuel Antonio Mu iz P rez Author-Email: manumuni@correo.uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: SON REALMENTE MENOS EFICIENTES LOS CENTROS LOGSE? (LA EVALUACI N DEA DE LOS INSTITUTOS DE ENSE ANZA SECUNDARIA) Abstract: Este documento se centra en el an lisis de la eficiencia en la actuaci n de los centros de Educaci n Secundaria y sobre todo, en el papel fundamental que juega en dicha evaluaci n el status socioecon mico y familiar del alumnado, configurado como un input no controlable por los gestores de cada unidad. Para ello, se estudia la influencia del tratamiento dado a estas variables en el contexto de una comparaci n entre los resultados de los centros ya adaptados a la LOGSE y aquellos que a n no han iniciado la transici n a la nueva legislaci n. Los resultados muestran que la presunta inferioridad en los resultados de los centros LOGSE no son atribuibles a la nueva ordenaci n, sino que son provocados por las caracter sticas de su alumnado, significativamente peores para el proceso educativo que las del resto de centros evaluados. Palabras clave: Eficiencia t cnica, inputs no controlables, DEA, Educaci n. Classification-JEL : D20, I22 Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jordi Pons Novell Author-Email: jpons@ub.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Author-Name: Albert Sol Oll Author-Email: asole@eco.ub.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: RACIONALIDAD DE LAS PREVISIONES PRESUPUESTARIAS Y COMPORTAMIENTO ESTRAT GICO. EL CASO ESPA OL Abstract: Este trabajo considera la calidad de las previsiones de las principales partidas de ingresos y gastos contempladas en los Presupuestos Generales del Estado desde la perspectiva de su racionalidad. En primer lugar, el trabajo estudia si las previsiones est n sesgadas i.e., si los errores de previsi n son sistem ticamente positivos o negativos y si son eficientes i.e., los errores son debidos a una utilizaci n deficiente de la informaci n disponible durante la fase de elaboraci n . En segundo lugar, se analiza la posibilidad de que la falta de racionalidad de las previsiones presupuestarias se derive de un comportamiento estrat gico por parte del gobierno. La metodolog a utilizada para contrastar las diferentes hip tesis planteadas en el trabajo se basa en la aplicaci n, adem s de los procedimientos aplicados habitualmente en la literatura, de t cnicas no param tricas, que permiten soslayar la dificultad que entra a el disponer de un n mero limitado de observaciones de las diferentes variables consideradas en el an lisis. Classification-JEL : E62, H77 Keywords: presupuestos, previsiones de ingresos y gastos, racionalidad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art6.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustavo Rego Veiga Author-Email: gusego@udc.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Title: TRANSFERENCIAS DE CAPITAL Y CONVERGENCIA TRIBUTARIA MUNICIPAL Abstract: La ltima Encuesta de Infraestructura y Equipamiento muestra que las dotaciones necesarias para la prestaci n de servicios b sicos presentan en Galicia deficiencias importantes. Este problema ha sido abordado por la Administraci n auton mica, en los noventa, mediante la asignaci n de transferencias y la realizaci n de cuantiosas inversiones directas no siempre guiadas por criterios de equidad y eficiencia. Esta oferta de recursos no se combina con una utilizaci n responsable de las propias fuentes de ingresos por parte de algunos municipios. Estos dos aspectos nos llevaron a exponer un programa de transferencias que colabore a garantizar niveles dotacionales m nimos de infraestructuras, reducir clientelismos y aproximar la fiscalidad municipal a est ndares previamente determinados. Classification-JEL : Keywords: federalismo fiscal, gobierno local, transferencias, corresponsabilidad Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicente Rodr guez Nu o Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Ministerio de Hacienda Title: MODIFICACIONES EN EL PATR N DE ESPECIALIZACI N INDUSTRIAL DE LOS ESTADOS MIEMBROS DE LA UNI N EUROPEA, CON ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A ESPA A, EN EL PERIODO 1980-1995 Abstract: En este art culo se analiza, por medio de gr ficos sobre la base del Indice de Especializaci n, el modelo de especializaci n industrial seguido por los nueve socios miembros de la UE contemplados entre los a os 1980 y 1995, observ ndose que para el nivel de desagregaci n industrial de 13 ramas, los cambios en estos modelos han sido, en general, estables y duraderos, presentando alguno de estos pa ses ciertas modificaciones que no son muy significativas en el per odo analizado. Los pa ses del sur de Europa (Espa a, junto con Portugal e Italia) mantienen o refuerzan su especializaci n en industrias tradicionales, mientras que los pa ses m s poblados, salvo Italia (Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido) se especializan, en general, en industrias avanzadas e intermedias. Al comparar la especializaci n industrial de Espa a con la de cada uno de los ocho socios miembros, se puede ver en qu sectores se especializa sta y en cu les no con relaci n al pa s que se compara. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Especializaci n, Diagrama de dispersi n, Modelo de especializaci n industrial, actividades avanzadas, intermedias y tradicionales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art8.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jos Luis S ez Lozano Author-Email: jsaez@ugr.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Granada Title: EL VOTO ECON MICO EN DEMOCRACIA. EL CASO DE ESPA A Abstract: El an lisis del voto econ mico en los reg menes democr ticos es un programa de investigaci n de extraordinaria relevancia y vigencia cient fica. Nuestro objetivo es analizar como influyen los factores socioecon micos y los condicionantes racionales de car cter econ mico, en la decisi n final de los electores. Para ello, planteamos un modelo comprehensivo, en el que se incluyen un conjunto de variables explicativas que sintetizan los planteamientos m s relevantes del comportamiento electoral: identificaci n partidista, teor a de la decisi n racional y base socioestructural del voto. Incluso, defendemos la idea de que esta propuesta habr a de convertirse en un desideratum. De todo lo anterior, no debemos inferir, que estamos ante un trabajo te rico, pues nuestro objetivo ltimo es identificar los factores que determinan la decisi n final de los electores espa oles; y a partir de ah , analizar la influencia de las variables de ndole econ mico, en la orientaci n de su voto. A la luz de las estimaciones realizadas, podemos afirmar, que en Espa a se ha utilizado el voto econ mico, como premio-castigo: perjudic al PSOE en los comicios legislativos de 1993 y favoreci las expectativas electorales del PP en esta convocatoria. Por otra parte, el desempleo y la renta, como factores socioestructurales que condicionan la situaci n personal de los votantes, han desempe ado un papel relevante en la decisi n final de los electores espa oles. No podemos finalizar este resumen, sin resaltar, que en esta cuesti n Espa a no es muy diferente a otros pa ses industrializados. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Econom a, voto, electorado, votantes espa oles, desempleo y renta. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art9.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hip lito J. Sim n P rez Author-Email: simon@ua.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Alicante Title: NEGOCIACI N COLECTIVA Y ESTRUCTURA SALARIAL EN ESPA A Abstract: En este art culo se analizan las pautas de diferencias sectoriales y territoriales presentes en la estructura salarial en Espa a, as como el papel que en la determinaci n de las mismas desempe a la negociaci n colectiva. Los resultados obtenidos permiten comprobar que las diferencias de corte geogr fico y sectorial presentes en los salarios pactados en los convenios de sector y percibidos son, adem s de muy destacables, marcadamente similares, lo que apunta a que los salarios pactados en la negociaci n colectiva sectorial ejercen una influencia rese able en la formaci n de la estructura salarial presente en el mercado de trabajo espa ol. Classification-JEL : J31; J51. Keywords: Estructura salarial; diferencias salariales; negociaci n colectiva; tarifas salariales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 2 Year: 2001 Month: June File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/157_Art10.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:157:i:2:a:20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaime Alonso Carrera Author-Email: jalonso@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Xos C. Alvarez Villamart n Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Xos M. Gonz lez Mart nez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Daniel Miles Touya Author-Email: dmiles@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: EL REGALO FISCAL EN LA DECISI N TEMPORAL DE CASARSE. UNA PRIMERA APROXIMACI N EMP RICA Abstract: En este trabajo nos preguntamos si a lo largo de la d cada de los noventa las parejas espa olas decidieron la fecha de su matrimonio descontando el importante beneficio fiscal que supon a optimizar el fraccionamiento del per odo impositivo en el IRPF. El planteamiento te rico realizado nos indica que los agentes, bajo determinados supuestos, deber an realizar un ejercicio de planificaci n fiscal ya que, con la legislaci n vigente desde el ejercicio 1.988 a 1.999, era posible encontrar un per odo ptimo para casarse. Sin embargo, la evidencia que se desprende de los datos de series temporales sugiere que nuestro impuesto sobre la renta no ha tenido, a diferencia de algunos pa ses anglosajones, un efecto significativo en la distribuci n mensual de los matrimonios, aunque se puede percibir un peque o efecto aprendizaje de la norma. Una explicaci n que avanzamos para este fen meno reside en la escasa informaci n ex-ante a la boda para minimizar el coste tributario de la fecha de celebraci n, y en que son otro tipo de variables de ndole social y cultural las que tienen un mayor peso en la decisi n de casarse. Keywords: Impuesto sobre la renta, planificaci n fiscal, decisi n temporal de casarse. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Celia Bilbao Terol Author-Email: cbilbao@uniovi.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Oviedo Title: VALORACI N DE LA CALIDAD MEDIO AMBIENTAL: UNA APLICACI N DEL M TODO HED NICO PARA LAS PRINCIPALES POBLACIONES ASTURIANAS. Abstract: El objetivo del trabajo es el c lculo de la variaci n de bienestar que se produce en los consumidores por una mejora en su calidad medio ambiental. El an lisis se basa en la aplicaci n del m todo de precios hed nicos (Rosen, 1974) al campo medio ambiental. En una primera etapa se estima el precio de la variable medio ambiental y, posteriormente, su demanda. Una vez realizada la estimaci n, se calcula la variaci n de bienestar a trav s de la medida hicksiana de la variaci n compensatoria. El mbito espacial del estudio coincide con las poblaciones m s importantes de la zona central del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Gij n, Avil s, Mieres y Langreo. Los datos son del a o 1996. Classification-JEL : : H41 (Public Goods) Keywords:. bienestar, calidad medio ambiental, precios hed nicos, sistemas de demanda, variaci n compensatoria. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoni Castells Oliveres Author-Email: ieb@pcb.ub.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Barcelona Title: UNA ESTIMACI N DE LAS NECESIDADES DE GASTO DE LAS COMUNIDADES AUT NOMAS Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizar un c lculo de las necesidades de gasto relativas de las Comunidades Aut nomas. El m todo propuesto en el trabajo se basa en la descomposici n del ndice de necesidades de gasto en una suma de los ndices de necesidades de las distintas funciones de gasto, ponderados seg n su peso en un presupuesto de gasto representativo o est ndar . Los ndices de cada una de las funciones de gasto se calculan a partir de la identificaci n de indicadores de necesidades que representan tanto la escala de prestaci n del servicio (e.g., tama o de los grupos de usuarios potenciales) como factores de coste (e.g., econom as de escala). La selecci n y ponderaci n de los indicadores de necesidades se realiza tanto utilizando procedimientos de c lculo directo como mediante t cnicas de regresi n. El ndice de necesidades agregado es ajustado con posterioridad con objeto de considerar las diferencias en el coste unitario de los factores utilizados en la producci n de servicios (e.g., salarios). Tambi n se incluye un ajuste transitorio con objeto de corregir las diferencias entre CCAA en las dotaciones iniciales de capital p blico. Keywords: necesidades de gasto, financiaci n auton mica, subvenciones niveladoras Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alvaro Espina Montero Author-Email: alvaro.espina@meh.es Author-Workplace-Name: Direcci n General de Pol tica Econ micia y Defensa de la Competencia. Title: FINANZAS, DEUDA P BLICA Y CONFIANZA EN EL GOBIERNO DE ESPA A BAJO LOS AUSTRIAS. Abstract: El objetivo del trabajo es el c lculo de la variaci n de bienestar que se produce en los consumidores por una mejora en su calidad medio ambiental. El an lisis se basa en la aplicaci n del m todo de precios hed nicos (Rosen, 1974) al campo medio ambiental. En una primera etapa se estima el precio de la variable medio ambiental y, posteriormente, su demanda. Una vez realizada la estimaci n, se calcula la variaci n de bienestar a trav s de la medida hicksiana de la variaci n compensatoria. El mbito espacial del estudio coincide con las poblaciones m s importantes de la zona central del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Gij n, Avil s, Mieres y Langreo. Los datos son del a o 1996. Classification-JEL: H41 Keywords:. bienestar, calidad medio ambiental, precios hed nicos, sistemas de demanda, variaci n compensatoria. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art4.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Gil Canaleta Author-Email: cargil@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Pedro Pascual Arzoz Author-Email: pascual@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Manuel Rap n G rate Author-Email: mrapun@unavarra.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad P blica de Navarra Author-Name: Ram n Barber n Ort Author-Email: barberan@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Antoni Dur n Sindreu Author-Email: antoni.duran@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Title: PRODUCTIVIDAD, CAPITAL P BLICO Y CONVERGENCIA EN LAS REGIONES ESPA OLAS Abstract: En este trabajo se analiza la evoluci n de la productividad total de los factores (PTF) y su influencia en el proceso de convergencia regional en el periodo 1964-1991. El punto de partida es el c lculo de ndices de PTF, incluyendo como factor productivo el capital p blico. Utilizando deflactores sectoriales, aislamos el impacto que el cambio de los precios relativos puede tener sobre la productividad observada. A continuaci n se analiza el proceso de convergencia en PTF, y la relaci n de los cambios en PTF y en los precios con el incremento del producto por empleado. Por ultimo, se utiliza el modelo de convergencia neocl sico, con el fin de analizar la posibilidad de que la convergencia observada entre las regiones espa olas pueda ser explicada por un proceso de catching-up propuesto por Abramovitz. Classification-JEL : Keywords: : Eficiencia productiva, Productividad total de los factores, Capital p blico, Convergencia regional Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art5.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guill m L pez Casasnovas Author-Email: guillem.lopez@upf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Pompeu Fabra Author-Name: Esther Mart nez Garc a Author-Email: esther.martinez@udg.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Gerona Title: TRATAMIENTO FISCAL DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA LA SALUD Y DEL GASTO SANITARIO: REVISI N Y PROPUESTAS DE REFORMA Abstract: El presente trabajo revisa algunos de los aspectos m s destacables de la fiscalidad sobre el consumo de bienes nocivos como instrumento de intervenci n vinculada a las pol ticas de salud y a la correcci n del fallo de mercado. El objetivo no es otro que el de repasar el estado de conocimiento al respecto, destacando las variables que delimitan el marco de an lisis en el que se deben de englobar aquellas medidas fiscales para que se dirijan de manera coherente a los objetivos deseados. Por ejemplo, se sabe que los costes externos de determinados comportamientos poco deseables socialmente son elevados, pero es menor la informaci n disponible respecto de su concreci n a la hora de dise ar un impuesto pigouviano ptimo; sabemos que las consecuencias de incidir sobre los precios de determinados bienes nocivos depende de la elasticidad de demanda del bien, pero poco se conoce acerca de sus efectos en t rminos de elasticidades cruzadas o de consumo ilegal. En definitiva, y para el caso concreto de la fiscalidad del tabaco y alcohol, se ofrece al lector la agenda de lo que sabemos y de lo que desconocemos para una opci n fundada de dicha pol tica. Classification-JEL : H2, I18. Keywords: Fiscalidad, h bitos y adicciones en consumo. Alcohol, tabaco y salud. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art7.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos de Miguel Palacios Author-Email: cmiguel@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Author-Name: Sim n Sosvilla-Rivero Author-Email: sosvilla@fedea.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Title: EFECTOS DE POL TICAS MACROECON MICAS EN UNA UNI N MONETARIA CON DISTINTOS GRADOS DE RIGIDEZ SALARIAL Abstract: El establecimiento de una uni n monetaria supone la abolici n de las monedas nacionales de los pa ses miembros, existiendo por tanto una moneda nica y un Banco Central com n como nica autoridad monetaria, convirti ndose as la pol tica fiscal en el principal instrumento acompa ado por pol ticas de oferta. Estudiaremos como, atendiendo a distintas rigideces en el mercado de trabajo, cambia la efectividad de las pol ticas macroecon micas cuando dos pa ses que mantienen relaciones bajo un sistema de tipos de cambio flexibles forman una uni n monetaria. Classification-JEL : E63, F33, F42 Keywords: : Coordinaci n de pol ticas econ micas, rigideces en el mercado de trabajo, uni n monetaria Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art8.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Carmen Trueba Cort s Author-Email: ctrueba@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Author-Name: Pablo Lozano Chavarr a Author-Email: plozano@unizar.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Zaragoza Title: LOS DETERMINANTES DE LA LOCALIZACI N INDUSTRIAL EN EL MBITO MUNICIPAL: LA INFLUENCIA DE LAS VARIABLES FISCALES Abstract: En este trabajo pretendemos averiguar, a trav s de la t cnica de datos de panel, los motivos que han determinado la localizaci n de las empresas en una muestra municipal concreta de la provincia de Zaragoza entre los a os 1993 y 1995. Asumiendo la importancia de los factores personales en la localizaci n municipal, nos centramos en los factores econ micos, tales como los aspectos fiscales, las econom as de aglomeraci n, la renta o el nivel de desempleo, entre otros. Classification-JEL : D21, H25, H32, H71. Keywords: localizaci n industrial, factores econ micos, factores personales, variables fiscales. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art9.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Vallejo Pousada Author-Email: Vallejo@uvigo.es Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Vigo Title: RESTRICCIONES EN EL DISE O Y APLICACI N DE LA REFORMA TRIBUTARIA DE 1845: UN NUEVO ENFOQUE Abstract: En este trabajo se analiza la reforma tributaria de 1845 en el momento interno y en el per odo externo, teniendo en cuenta los factores y los agentes que influyeron en la misma. Concluye la existencia de una deriva conservadora del programa de reforma del gobierno, concretada a su paso por las Cortes, y de una contrarreforma tributaria, plasmada en las decisiones que los sucesivos gobiernos adoptaron en materia fiscal entre 1846 y 1852 al margen del parlamento. Tambi n aborda la que parece una pregunta obligada: si eso fue as , por qu los abundantes estudios hasta ahora realizados no dan cuenta de la existencia de una contrarreforma tributaria inmediata a la reforma de 1845?. Y aborda la respuesta a trav s del an lisis del alcance (activos y limitaciones) de los enfoques utilizados para estudiar la reforma fiscal liberal. Classification-JEL : Keywords: Reforma tributaria. Pol tica fiscal. Journal: Hacienda P blica Espa ola/Revista de Econom a P blica Issue: 1 Year: 2001 Month: march File-URL: https://www.ief.es/comun/Descarga.cshtml?ruta=~/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/hpe/156_Art10.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2001:v:156:i:1:a:10